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CONTRIBUTING.md

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Contributing Guidelines

Ref: https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-developer/packages for overall format and construction

Basic guidelines

All packages you commit or submit by pull-request should follow these simple guidelines:

  • Package a version which is still maintained by the upstream author and will be updated regularly with supported versions.
  • Have no dependencies outside the OpenWrt core packages or this repository feed.
  • Have been tested to compile with the correct includes and dependencies. Please also test with "Compile with full language support" found under "General Build Settings" set if language support is relevant to your package.
  • Best of all -- it works as expected!

Package Sources (archives and repositories)

  • PKG_SOURCE should reference the smallest available archive. In order of preference: xz (most compressed), bzip2, gz and zip. As a last resort, downloads from source repositories can be used.
  • PKG_SOURCE_URL should link to an official release archive. Use of HTTPS: is preferred. If a source archive is not available, a locally generated archive fetched using git, svn, cvs or in rare circumstances, hg or bzr.
  • Convenience macros for popular mirrors are defined. Using these macros will make your package downloads more robust by mapping to a list of possible source mirrors for archive availability.
    • @SF - Sourceforge (downloads.sourceforge.net) with 5 retries due to re-directs
    • @GITHUB - Github (raw.githubusercontent.com) with 5 retries due to re-directs
    • @GNU - 8 regional servers
    • @GNOME - 8 regional servers
    • @SAVANNAH - 8 regional servers
    • @APACHE - 8 regional servers
    • @KERNEL - Linux kernel archives & mirrors
  • Please DO NOT use an archive which changes over time. A version labeled "latest" is not constant each download. Also, using the head of a branch will create unpredictable results which can be different each build.

Makefile contents should contain

  • Provide an up-to-date Copyright notice or none. Copyright should not be assigned to OpenWrt unless you are explicitly requested by or working under contract to OpenWrt. Assigning a Copyright to yourself or organization you represent is acceptable.
  • A (PKG_)MAINTAINER definition listing either yourself and/or another person responsible for this package (E.g.: PKG_MAINTAINER:= Joe D. Hacker <jdh@jdhs-email-provider.org>). Listing multiple maintainers is encouraged in order to keep the package active and up-to-date. Leaving this blank will also be accepted, however the review process may not be as quick as one with a maintainer.
  • A PKG_LICENSE tag declaring the main license of the package. (E.g.: PKG_LICENSE:=GPL-2.0-or-later) Please use SPDX identifiers if possible (see list at the bottom).
  • An optional PKG_LICENSE_FILES tag including the filenames of the license-files in the source-package. (E.g.: PKG_LICENSE_FILES:=COPYING)
  • PKG_RELEASE should be initially set to 1 or reset to 1 if the software version is changed. You should increment it if the package itself has changed. For example, modifying a support script, changing configure options like --disable_ or --enable_ switches, or if you changed something in the package which causes the resulting binaries to be different. Changes like correcting md5sums, changing mirror URLs, adding a maintainer field or updating a comment or copyright year in a Makefile do not require a change to PKG_RELEASE.
  • Avoid reuse of PKG_NAME in call, define and eval lines to improve readability.

Commits in your pull-requests should

  • Have a useful description prefixed with the package name (E.g.: "foopkg: Add libzot dependency")
  • Include Signed-off-by tag in the commit comments. See: Sign your work

Advice on pull requests

Pull requests are the easiest way to contribute changes to git repos at Github. They are the preferred contribution method, as they offer a nice way for commenting and amending the proposed changes.

  • You need a local "fork" of the Github repo.

  • Use a "feature branch" for your changes. That separates the changes in the pull request from your other changes and makes it easy to edit/amend commits in the pull request. Workflow using "feature_x" as the example:

    • Update your local git fork to the tip (of the master, usually)
    • Create the feature branch with git checkout -b feature_x
    • Edit changes and commit them locally
    • Push them to your Github fork by git push -u origin feature_x. That creates the "feature_x" branch at your Github fork and sets it as the remote of this branch
    • When you now visit Github, you should see a proposal to create a pull request

  • If you later need to add new commits to the pull request, you can simply commit the changes to the local branch and then use git push to automatically update the pull request.

  • If you need to change something in the existing pull request (e.g. to add a missing signed-off-by line to the commit message), you can use git push -f to overwrite the original commits. That is easy and safe when using a feature branch. Example workflow:

    • Checkout the feature branch by git checkout feature_x
    • Edit changes and commit them locally. If you are just updating the commit message in the last commit, you can use git commit --amend to do that
    • If you added several new commits or made other changes that require cleaning up, you can use git rebase -i HEAD~X (X = number of commits to edit) to possibly squash some commits
    • Push the changed commits to Github with git push -f to overwrite the original commits in the "feature_x" branch with the new ones. The pull request gets automatically updated

If you have commit access

  • Do NOT use git push --force.
  • Do NOT commit to other maintainer's packages without their consent.
  • Use Pull Requests if you are unsure and to suggest changes to other maintainers.

Gaining commit access

  • We will gladly grant commit access to responsible contributors who have made useful pull requests and / or feedback or patches to this repository or OpenWrt in general. Please include your request for commit access in your next pull request or ticket.

Release Branches

  • Old stable branches were named after the following pattern "for-XX.YY" (e.g. for-14.07) before the LEDE split. During the LEDE split there was only one release branch with the name "lede-17.01". After merging the LEDE fork with OpenWrt the release branches are named according to the following pattern "openwrt-XX.YY" (e.g. openwrt-18.06).
  • These branches are built with the respective OpenWrt release and are created during the release stabilisation phase.
  • Please ONLY cherry-pick or commit security and bug-fixes to these branches.
  • Do NOT add new packages and do NOT do major upgrades of packages here.
  • If you are unsure if your change is suitable, please use a pull request.

Common LICENSE tags (short list)

(Complete list can be found at: https://spdx.org/licenses)

Full Name Identifier
Apache License 1.0 Apache-1.0
Apache License 1.1 Apache-1.1
Apache License 2.0 Apache-2.0
Artistic License 1.0 Artistic-1.0
Artistic License 1.0 w/clause 8 Artistic-1.0-cl8
Artistic License 1.0 (Perl) Artistic-1.0-Perl
Artistic License 2.0 Artistic-2.0
BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License BSD-2-Clause
BSD 2-Clause FreeBSD License BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
BSD 2-Clause NetBSD License BSD-2-Clause-NetBSD
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License BSD-3-Clause
BSD with attribution BSD-3-Clause-Attribution
BSD 3-Clause Clear License BSD-3-Clause-Clear
BSD 4-Clause "Original" or "Old" License BSD-4-Clause
BSD-4-Clause (University of California-Specific) BSD-4-Clause-UC
BSD Protection License BSD-Protection
GNU General Public License v1.0 only GPL-1.0-only
GNU General Public License v1.0 or later GPL-1.0-or-later
GNU General Public License v2.0 only GPL-2.0-only
GNU General Public License v2.0 or later GPL-2.0-or-later
GNU General Public License v3.0 only GPL-3.0-only
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later GPL-3.0-or-later
GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only LGPL-2.1-only
GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later LGPL-2.1-or-later
GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 only LGPL-3.0-only
GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 or later LGPL-3.0-or-later
GNU Library General Public License v2 only LGPL-2.0-only
GNU Library General Public License v2 or later LGPL-2.0-or-later
Fair License Fair
ISC License ISC
MIT License MIT
No Limit Public License NLPL
OpenSSL License OpenSSL
X11 License X11
zlib License Zlib

Continuous Integration

To simplify review and require less human resources, a CI tests all packages. Passing CI tests are not a hard requirement but a good indicator what the Buildbots will think about the proposed patch.

The CI builds modified packages for multiple architectures using the latest snapshot SDK. For supported architectures (aarch64_generic, arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4, i386_pentium4 and x86_64) an additional runtime test is executed. A running OpenWrt is simulated which tries to install created packages and runs a script called test.sh located next to the package Makefile. The script is executed with the two arguments PKG_NAME and PKG_VERSION. The PKG_NAME can be used to distinguish package variants, e.g. foobar vs. foobar-full. The PKG_VERSION can be used for a trivial test checking if foobar --version prints the correct version. PKG_VERSION is the OpenWrt version and therefore includes the PKG_RELEASE, which isn't usually part of the running programs version.

The following snippet show a script that tests different binaries, depending what IPK package was installed. The gpsd Makefile produces both a gpsd and a gpsd-clients IPK package.

 #!/bin/sh

case "$1" in
    "gpsd")
        gpsd -V 2>&1 | grep "$2"
        ;;
    "gpsd-clients")
        cgps -V 2>&1 | grep "$2"
        ;;
esac