From 3c49763eccf7a79ea4abd7f2a0ab77eb91711e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wareid Date: Fri, 15 Mar 2024 09:26:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 01/11] editing introduction to reflect benefits --- epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html b/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html index abd8463ea..ae424bd81 100644 --- a/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html +++ b/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@

Overview

An accessible fixed layout EPUB file is one that meets the accessibility requirements of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2 level AA [[wcag2]] and EPUB Accessibility 1.1 [[epub-a11y-11]], including color contrast, reading order, font layout, structural navigation, metadata, and text alternatives.

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The main motivation behind creating fixed layout publications is the need to preserve the print layout of the book, either because of it's importance to the text (i.e. complex diagrams) or it's artistic purpose (i.e. illustrated text). However, these publications are often partially or completely inaccessible to people with print disabilities.

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The main motivation behind creating fixed layout publications is the need to preserve the print layout of the book, either because of it's importance to the text (i.e. complex diagrams) or it's artistic purpose (i.e. illustrated text). These publications can often be partially or completely inaccessible to people with disabilities, especially disabilities affecting vision or visual processing. However, the visual nature of fixed layout publications can also offer advantages for disabled readers. Graphic and visual design is about much more than making things look pretty, and well-designed publications can create reading experiences that aid in increasing understanding, information retention, conveying complex ideas, and more.

This note serves to help EPUB creators, publishers, and reading systems address some of the common accessibility issues found in fixed layout content including navigation, reading order, and text alternatives. This document is a companion to EPUB Accessibility 1.1 [[epub-a11y-11]], specifically for fixed layout publications. All recommendations made in EPUB Accessibility 1.1 [[epub-a11y-11]], EPUB 3.3 [[epub-33]], and EPUB Reading Systems 3.3 [[epub-rs-33]] are applied and extended here.

From 090fee39d389d31bde42fca2c3bdd20c682a1d99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wareid Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2024 08:43:06 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 02/11] incorporating Kens feedback --- epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html | 12 +++++++----- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html b/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html index ae424bd81..66efe1d6f 100644 --- a/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html +++ b/epub33/fxl-a11y/index.html @@ -202,6 +202,8 @@

Altering the reading order

Removing items from the reading order

There may be cases when text appears on the page but is unnecessary, duplicated or otherwise confusing for it to be added to the reading order. e.g. page numbers, section or chapter headings which are already part of the publication’s structure or text used for visual effects.

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See the techniques document for guidance on how to apply this recommendation.

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Overview

The basic requirements for all images are to provide alternative text and extended descriptions when they contain information necessary to understanding the publication, which applies to fixed layouts. For example, while a reader may be able to follow the dialogue of a story when it is overlaid as text, only the placement on image might give context to what character is saying what.

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One challenge with fixed layouts is finding ways to describe the image and provide context given that there is no extra area on the page users can access in which to place a description. The other challenge is for content where the text is rasterized as part of the image, which can be unavoidable for content where the text is hand-drawn or part of the image.

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One challenge with fixed layouts is finding ways to describe the image and provide context given that there is no extra area on the page users can access in which to place a description. Another challenge is for content where the text is rasterized as part of the image, which can be unavoidable for content where the text is hand-drawn or part of the image. An additional challenge is fixed layout content where the pages or spreads are made up of multiple images that may require individual descriptions.

Image descriptions and alternative text do have limits in their ability to translate image content to text, those limitations include the ability to adequately map the flow of action on a page to text, or translation of visual effects to textual equivalents. Work continues in this area to improve this experience, and we will note gaps in the sections below.

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Visual adjustments

Aside from the ability to zoom, most fixed layout reading systems do not allow the reader to adjust the visual presentation of the content by resizing text or adjusting the text layout (letter, word, line spacing, or margins). EPUB creators also have the ability to set specific orientation settings for FXL EPUBs.

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These limitations in how EPUB reading systems display FXL content mean that this content is exempt from some of these requirements, specifically, 1.3.4 and 1.4.10. These limitations also result in an automatic failure of 1.4.4 and 1.4.12. These constraints mean EUPB creators should consider these requirements as much as possible during the design of the content. EPUB creators can do this by considering:

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These limitations in how EPUB reading systems display FXL content mean that this content is exempt from some of these requirements, specifically, 1.3.4 and 1.4.10. These limitations also result in an automatic failure of 1.4.4 and 1.4.12. These constraints mean EPUB creators should consider these requirements as much as possible during the design of the content. EPUB creators can do this by considering:

  • Orientation: it is possible to set a fixed orientation in FXL content by using the orientation properties in the package metadata. Many reading systems will respect this setting, but allow users to override it to their own preferences. When designing content, consider whether setting an orientation setting is essential to the content's presentation.
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    ARIA roles for tables

    Provide an extended description for a table using either aria-describedby or aria-details.

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    The advantage of aria-details over aria-describedby is that it allows users access to the markup of the linked description (which could be the table markup if you put it, for example, inside a details element to collapse it). The current drawback, however, is that there isn't great support yet for the attribute. And expanding details element within a fixed layout page is also likely to wreak a bit of havoc when users click on it (unless you find a way to reliably position it offscreen, but then that limits who can access it).

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    The advantage of aria-details over aria-describedby is that it allows users access to the markup of the linked description (which could be the table markup if you put it, for example, inside a details element to collapse it). The current drawback, however, is that there isn't great support yet for the attribute. Expanding details elements within a fixed layout page is also likely to disrupt the page when users click on it (unless you find a way to reliably position it offscreen, but then that limits who can access it).

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    The aria-describedby attribute's big drawback is that it turns the description into one long text string that users have to listen to. There's no way to navigate the columns and rows or have headers read out, so it's likely going to be very difficult for users to make sense of except for very simple and very small tables.

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    The aria-describedby attribute's big drawback is that it turns the description into one long text string that users have to listen to. There's no way to navigate the columns and rows or have headers read out, so it's likely going to be very difficult for users to make sense of except for very simple and very small tables.

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Access mode sufficient

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For fixed layout books that have both visual and textual elements having accessModeSufficient of visual,textual would be appropriate. In addition, if the fixed layout book is primarily images that are fully described, textual would also apply, as this implies the boook is Screen Reader Friendly and can be fully read by assistive technology.

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For fixed layout books that have both visual and textual elements having accessModeSufficient of visual,textual would be appropriate. In addition, if the fixed layout book is primarily images that are fully described, textual would also apply, as this implies the book is Screen Reader Friendly and can be fully read by assistive technology.