04_healthcare_systems.md

4. Healthcare Systems and Health Disparity

4.1 The Quad-Function Model of Healthcare Delivery System

• Finance
• Insurance
• Delivery
• Payment

4.2 HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS OF OTHER COUNTRIES

Three models of national systems:

1. National health insurance (NHI)
   • A general tax-supported national health care program in which services are financed by the government but are rendered by private providers (e.g., Canada).
2. National health system (NHS)
   • A general tax-supported national health care program in which the government finances and also own and operates the service infrastructure (e.g., Great Britain).
3. Socialized health insurance (SHI)
   • Health care is financed through government-mandated contributions by employers and employees. Health care is delivered by private providers. Government manage the overal healthcare delivery via tight mandates and controls (e.g., Germany).

4.3 Define Health Disparity

Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. Populations can be defined by factors such as race or ethnicity, gender, education or income, disability, geographic location (e.g., rural or urban), or sexual orientation. Health disparities are inequitable and are directly related to the historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic, and environmental resources. - CDC

Reference:

• https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm#:~:text=Health%20disparities%20are%20preventable%20differences,experienced%20by%20socially%20disadvantaged%20populations.

4.4 Two Opposing Theories of Equitable Healthcare Distribution

• Market Justice
  • Healthcare is an economic good (previlige)
• Social Justice
  • Healthcare is a social good (right)