diff --git a/test/README.md b/test/README.md
index dd3a051db..b67f76bec 100644
--- a/test/README.md
+++ b/test/README.md
@@ -61,5 +61,5 @@ you’ll want to consult the documentation of the following libraries we use:
   (`browser`, `$`, `waitForVisible`, …)
 * [Mocha](https://mochajs.org/) as the general testing framework
   (`describe`, `it`, `before`, …)
-* [`assert`](https://nodejs.org/api/assert.html) for simple assertions
-  (`ok`, `strictEqual`, …)
+* [`expect`](https://webdriver.io/docs/api/expect-webdriverio/) for assertions
+  (`toBe`, `toEqual`, …)
diff --git a/test/helpers/default-functions.ts b/test/helpers/default-functions.ts
index 943aa8617..716406e75 100644
--- a/test/helpers/default-functions.ts
+++ b/test/helpers/default-functions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import axios, { AxiosResponse } from 'axios';
 import lodash from 'lodash';
 import { Context } from 'mocha';
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ export function defaultFunctions(): void {
 			const changes = result.data.query.recentchanges;
 			const foundResult = lodash.find( changes, expectedChange );
 
-			assert.strictEqual( result.status, 200 );
+			expect( result.status ).toBe( 200 );
 
 			if ( !foundResult ) {
 				testEnv.testLog.error( 'Could not find:' );
diff --git a/test/specs/confirm_edit/confirm-edit.ts b/test/specs/confirm_edit/confirm-edit.ts
index 5973a8df8..64af96912 100644
--- a/test/specs/confirm_edit/confirm-edit.ts
+++ b/test/specs/confirm_edit/confirm-edit.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'ConfirmEdit', function () {
 	it( 'Should allow to edit with captcha', async function () {
 		const executionResult = await browser.editPage(
@@ -9,6 +7,6 @@ describe( 'ConfirmEdit', function () {
 			'paris'
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( executionResult, 'something great' );
+		expect( executionResult ).toBe( 'something great' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/fedprops/item.ts b/test/specs/fedprops/item.ts
index 0a94d5616..c062f9253 100644
--- a/test/specs/fedprops/item.ts
+++ b/test/specs/fedprops/item.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { AxiosError } from 'axios';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
 import SpecialEntityPage from 'wdio-wikibase/pageobjects/item.page.js';
@@ -17,11 +16,9 @@ describe( 'Fed props Item', function () {
 		const result = await browser.makeRequest(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/w/api.php?action=wbsearchentities&search=ISNI&format=json&language=en&type=property`
 		);
-		const success = result.data.success;
-		const searchResults = result.data.search;
 
-		assert.strictEqual( success, 1 );
-		assert( searchResults.length > 0 );
+		expect( result.data.success ).toBe( 1 );
+		expect( result.data.search.length ).toBeGreaterThan( 0 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'can add a federated property and it shows up in the ui', async function () {
@@ -42,10 +39,9 @@ describe( 'Fed props Item', function () {
 
 		await ItemPage.open( itemId );
 
-		const actualPropertyValue = await $(
-			'.wikibase-statementgroupview-property'
-		).getText();
-		assert( actualPropertyValue.includes( propertyValue ) ); // value is the label
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-statementgroupview-property' )
+		).toHaveTextContaining( propertyValue ); // value is the label
 
 		await SpecialEntityPage.addStatementLink;
 	} );
@@ -54,25 +50,24 @@ describe( 'Fed props Item', function () {
 		try {
 			await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1', 'ttl' );
 		} catch ( error ) {
-			assert( error instanceof AxiosError );
-			assert.equal( error.request.res.statusCode, 500 );
+			expect( error ).toBeInstanceOf( AxiosError );
+			expect( error.request.res.statusCode ).toBe( 500 );
 		}
 	} );
 
 	it( 'should show up in Special:EntityData with json', async function () {
 		const data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-		assert.notEqual(
-			data.entities.Q1.claims[ 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P213' ],
-			null
-		);
+		expect(
+			data.entities.Q1.claims[ 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P213' ]
+		).not.toBeNull();
 	} );
 
 	it( 'should NOT show up in Special:EntityData with rdf', async function () {
 		try {
 			await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1', 'rdf' );
 		} catch ( error ) {
-			assert( error instanceof AxiosError );
-			assert.equal( error.request.res.statusCode, 500 );
+			expect( error ).toBeInstanceOf( AxiosError );
+			expect( error.request.res.statusCode ).toBe( 500 );
 		}
 	} );
 
@@ -90,12 +85,12 @@ describe( 'Fed props Item', function () {
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.resultTable;
 
 		// Item should never have made its way into the query service, as TTL doesnt work
-		assert(
-			!( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
 				`<${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/entity/${ itemId }>`,
 				propertyValue
-			) )
-		);
+			)
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'should NOT show up in queryservice ui after creation', async function () {
@@ -106,23 +101,33 @@ describe( 'Fed props Item', function () {
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.resultTable;
 
 		// Item should never have made its way into the query service, as TTL doesnt work
-		assert( !( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:version' ) ) );
-		assert( !( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:dateModified' ) ) );
-		assert( !( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:timestamp' ) ) );
-
-		assert( !( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'rdfs:label', itemLabel ) ) );
-
-		assert(
-			!( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:statements', '1' ) )
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:version' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:dateModified' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:timestamp' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'rdfs:label', itemLabel )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:statements', '1' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:sitelinks', '0' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:identifiers', '1' )
+		).resolves.toBe( false );
+
+		await expect( QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'p:P213' ) ).resolves.toBe(
+			false
 		);
-
-		assert(
-			!( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:sitelinks', '0' ) )
-		);
-		assert(
-			!( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:identifiers', '1' ) )
-		);
-
-		assert( !( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'p:P213' ) ) );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/fedprops/prefetching.ts b/test/specs/fedprops/prefetching.ts
index 429c7342b..0ce4f1eea 100644
--- a/test/specs/fedprops/prefetching.ts
+++ b/test/specs/fedprops/prefetching.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 import ItemPage from '../../helpers/pages/entity/item.page.js';
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ describe( 'Property Prefetching', function () {
 				};
 			} )
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( claims.length, NUM_PROPERTIES );
+		expect( claims ).toHaveLength( NUM_PROPERTIES );
 
 		const data = { claims: claims };
 		itemId = await WikibaseApi.createItem( getTestString( itemLabel ), data );
@@ -51,11 +50,11 @@ describe( 'Property Prefetching', function () {
 			statements.map( async ( statement ) => statement.getAttribute( 'id' ) )
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( propertyGuids.length, NUM_PROPERTIES );
+		expect( propertyGuids ).toHaveLength( NUM_PROPERTIES );
 
 		for ( const guid of propertyGuids ) {
 			const response = await browser.deleteClaim( guid );
-			assert.strictEqual( response.success, 1 );
+			expect( response.success ).toBe( 1 );
 		}
 
 		// Sleep for 2 seconds to ensure post edit things run
@@ -68,8 +67,7 @@ describe( 'Property Prefetching', function () {
 		await $( '#pagehistory' );
 
 		// +1 for the initial item creation
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			( await $$( '#pagehistory li' ) ).length,
+		await expect( $$( '#pagehistory li' ) ).resolves.toHaveLength(
 			NUM_PROPERTIES + 1
 		);
 	} );
@@ -83,6 +81,6 @@ describe( 'Property Prefetching', function () {
 		// +1 for the initial item creation
 		// +1 for the Main Page creation?
 		// +1 for ?
-		assert.strictEqual( ( await $$( 'ul.special li' ) ).length, NUM_PROPERTIES + 3 );
+		await expect( $$( 'ul.special li' ) ).resolves.toHaveLength( NUM_PROPERTIES + 3 );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/pingback/pingback.ts b/test/specs/pingback/pingback.ts
index 934552137..4fafe1a7d 100644
--- a/test/specs/pingback/pingback.ts
+++ b/test/specs/pingback/pingback.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'Pingback', function () {
 	it( 'Should ping on first page request', async function () {
 		await browser.url( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/wiki/Main_Page' );
@@ -10,16 +8,16 @@ describe( 'Pingback', function () {
 		const sqlResult = await browser.dbQuery(
 			'SELECT * from updatelog where ul_key LIKE "WikibasePingback%"'
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( sqlResult.includes( 'WikibasePingback\t' ), true );
-		assert.strictEqual( sqlResult.includes( 'WikibasePingback-1.' ), true );
+		expect( sqlResult.includes( 'WikibasePingback\t' ) ).toBe( true );
+		expect( sqlResult.includes( 'WikibasePingback-1.' ) ).toBe( true );
 
 		const result = await browser.makeRequest( 'http://mediawiki.svc' );
-		assert.strictEqual( result.data.length, 2 );
+		expect( result.data ).toHaveLength( 2 );
 
 		const requestData = JSON.parse(
 			Object.keys( result.data[ 0 ] )[ 0 ].replace( ';', '' )
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( requestData.schema, 'WikibasePingback' );
+		expect( requestData.schema ).toBe( 'WikibasePingback' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/quickstatements/quickstatements.ts b/test/specs/quickstatements/quickstatements.ts
index 9ea4f34fd..1e4edd1c7 100644
--- a/test/specs/quickstatements/quickstatements.ts
+++ b/test/specs/quickstatements/quickstatements.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { AxiosResponse } from 'axios';
 import lodash from 'lodash';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
@@ -107,8 +106,8 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
 		const responseQ2Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q2' );
 
-		assert.strictEqual( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.id, 'Q1' );
-		assert.strictEqual( responseQ2Data.entities.Q2.id, 'Q2' );
+		expect( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.id ).toBe( 'Q1' );
+		expect( responseQ2Data.entities.Q2.id ).toBe( 'Q2' );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to create item with label', async function () {
@@ -117,11 +116,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( 'CREATE\nLAST|Len|"Best label"' );
 
 		const responseQ3Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q3' );
-
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			responseQ3Data.entities.Q3.labels.en.value,
-			'Best label'
-		);
+		expect( responseQ3Data.entities.Q3.labels.en.value ).toBe( 'Best label' );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to create an item with statement', async function () {
@@ -145,8 +140,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 
 		// go look at wikibase
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-
-		assert( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.aliases ) !== true );
+		expect( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.aliases ) ).toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add a label to an item', async function () {
@@ -154,8 +148,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 
 		// go look at wikibase
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-
-		assert( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.labels ) !== true );
+		expect( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.labels ) ).toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add a description to an item', async function () {
@@ -163,8 +156,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 
 		// go look at wikibase
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-
-		assert( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.descriptions ) !== true );
+		expect( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.descriptions ) ).toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it.skip( 'Should be able to add a sitelink to an item', async function () {
@@ -172,8 +164,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 
 		// go look at wikibase
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-
-		assert( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.sitelinks ) !== true );
+		expect( lodash.isEmpty( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.sitelinks ) ).toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add a statement to an item', async function () {
@@ -182,14 +173,12 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( `Q1|${ propertyId }|"Will it blend?"` );
 
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].type,
+		expect( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].type ).toBe(
 			'statement'
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].mainsnak.datavalue.value,
-			'Will it blend?'
-		);
+		expect(
+			responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].mainsnak.datavalue.value
+		).toBe( 'Will it blend?' );
 	} );
 
 	describe( 'Should be able to add qualifiers to statements with a range of datatypes', function () {
@@ -212,10 +201,9 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 					const responseQ1 = await browser.makeRequest(
 						`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/w/api.php?action=wbgetclaims&format=json&entity=${ itemId }`
 					);
-					assert.strictEqual(
-						getQualifierType( responseQ1, mainPropertyId, qualifierPropertyId ),
-						qualifierSnakDataType
-					);
+					expect(
+						getQualifierType( responseQ1, mainPropertyId, qualifierPropertyId )
+					).toBe( qualifierSnakDataType );
 				} );
 			} );
 		} );
@@ -229,8 +217,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		);
 
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].type,
+		expect( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].type ).toBe(
 			'statement'
 		);
 	} );
@@ -253,8 +240,10 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 			propertyIdItem
 		);
 
-		assert( typeof refValue !== 'string' );
-		assert.strictEqual( refValue.id, 'Q2' );
+		expect( typeof refValue ).not.toBe( 'string' );
+		if ( typeof refValue !== 'string' ) {
+			expect( refValue.id ).toBe( 'Q2' );
+		}
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add a property with "url" reference', async function () {
@@ -270,9 +259,9 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		const response = await browser.makeRequest(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/w/api.php?action=wbgetclaims&format=json&entity=${ itemId }`
 		);
-		const refValue = getReferenceValue( response, propertyIdItem, propertyURL );
-
-		assert.strictEqual( refValue, 'https://www.wikidata.org' );
+		expect( getReferenceValue( response, propertyIdItem, propertyURL ) ).toBe(
+			'https://www.wikidata.org'
+		);
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add a property with "string" reference', async function () {
@@ -286,9 +275,9 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		const response = await browser.makeRequest(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/w/api.php?action=wbgetclaims&format=json&entity=${ itemId }`
 		);
-		const refValue = getReferenceValue( response, propertyIdItem, propertyId );
-
-		assert.strictEqual( refValue, 'some string' );
+		expect( getReferenceValue( response, propertyIdItem, propertyId ) ).toBe(
+			'some string'
+		);
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to add and remove a property on an item', async function () {
@@ -297,28 +286,19 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( `${ itemId }|${ propertyIdItem }|Q1` );
 
 		let responseData = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( itemId );
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			propertyIdItem in responseData.entities[ itemId ].claims,
-			true
-		);
+		expect( propertyIdItem in responseData.entities[ itemId ].claims ).toBe( true );
 
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( `-${ itemId }|${ propertyIdItem }|Q1` );
 
 		responseData = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( itemId );
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			propertyIdItem in responseData.entities[ itemId ].claims,
-			false
-		);
+		expect( propertyIdItem in responseData.entities[ itemId ].claims ).toBe( false );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to change label', async function () {
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( 'Q1|LSv|"Some other label"' );
 
 		const responseQ1Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q1' );
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.labels.sv.value,
-			'Some other label'
-		);
+		expect( responseQ1Data.entities.Q1.labels.sv.value ).toBe( 'Some other label' );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to merge two items', async function () {
@@ -327,7 +307,7 @@ describe( 'QuickStatements Service', function () {
 		await browser.executeQuickStatement( 'MERGE|Q1|Q2' );
 
 		const responseQ2Data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( 'Q2' );
-		assert.strictEqual( responseQ2Data.entities.Q1.id, 'Q1' );
+		expect( responseQ2Data.entities.Q1.id ).toBe( 'Q1' );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should have a Last Batches button', async function () {
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/api.ts b/test/specs/repo/api.ts
index 6ab508a96..6290be1eb 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/api.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/api.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 import { wikibasePropertyString } from '../../helpers/wikibase-property-types.js';
@@ -33,8 +32,8 @@ describe( 'Wikibase API', function () {
 					data
 				);
 
-				assert.strictEqual( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ), true );
-				assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+				expect( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ) ).toBe( true );
+				expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 			} );
 		} );
 	} );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/babel.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/babel.ts
index 44bd9b7e4..131344e0c 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/babel.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/babel.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
 
 describe( 'Babel', function () {
@@ -18,17 +17,13 @@ describe( 'Babel', function () {
 			'{{#babel: sv | en }}'
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			executionContent.includes(
-				'Den här användaren har svenska som modersmål.'
-			),
-			true
-		);
-		assert.strictEqual(
+		expect(
+			executionContent.includes( 'Den här användaren har svenska som modersmål.' )
+		).toBe( true );
+		expect(
 			executionContent.includes(
 				'This user has a native understanding of English.'
-			),
-			true
-		);
+			)
+		).toBe( true );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/entityschema.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/entityschema.ts
index 7be421fb0..1e9461423 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/entityschema.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/entityschema.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { readFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { utf8 } from '../../../helpers/readFileEncoding.js';
 
@@ -32,28 +31,16 @@ describe( 'EntitySchema', function () {
 
 		await $( '#entityschema-schema-text' );
 
-		const entitySchemaEl = await $( '#entityschema-schema-text' );
-		const actualTemplate = ( await entitySchemaEl.getText() ).trim();
-		const actualTemplateHtml = ( await entitySchemaEl.getHTML() ).trim();
-		const actualLabel = ( await $( '.entityschema-title-label' ).getText() ).trim();
-		const actualId = ( await $( '.entityschema-title-id' ).getText() ).trim();
-		const actualDescription = (
-			await $( '.entityschema-description' ).getText()
-		).trim();
-
-		assert.strictEqual( actualDescription, testDescription );
-		assert.strictEqual( actualTemplate, shexTemplate );
-		assert.strictEqual( actualLabel, testLabel );
-		assert.strictEqual( actualId, '(E1)' );
-		assert.ok(
-			actualTemplateHtml.includes( 'mw-highlight' ),
-			'Should contain mw-highlight class in HTML'
-		);
+		const entitySchemaEl = $( '#entityschema-schema-text' );
+		await expect( $( '.entityschema-description' ) ).toHaveText( testDescription );
+		await expect( entitySchemaEl ).toHaveText( shexTemplate );
+		await expect( $( '.entityschema-title-label' ) ).toHaveText( testLabel );
+		await expect( $( '.entityschema-title-id' ) ).toHaveText( '(E1)' );
+		await expect( entitySchemaEl.$( 'div' ) ).toHaveElementClass( 'mw-highlight' );
 
-		const linkUrl = await $( '.external.entityschema-check-schema' ).getAttribute(
-			'href'
+		await expect( $( '.external.entityschema-check-schema' ) ).toHaveAttrContaining(
+			'href',
+			'http://validator.svc'
 		);
-
-		assert( linkUrl.includes( 'http://validator.svc' ) );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/nuke.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/nuke.ts
index b9ebbb831..9abf58698 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/nuke.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/nuke.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
 
 describe( 'Nuke', function () {
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ describe( 'Nuke', function () {
 			{}
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( pageExistsResult.status, 200 );
+		expect( pageExistsResult.status ).toBe( 200 );
 
 		await LoginPage.login(
 			testEnv.vars.MW_ADMIN_NAME,
@@ -48,6 +47,6 @@ describe( 'Nuke', function () {
 			{}
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( pageIsGoneResult.status, 404 );
+		expect( pageIsGoneResult.status ).toBe( 404 );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/scribunto.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/scribunto.ts
index 257278e4e..467e8e93e 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/scribunto.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/scribunto.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { readFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { utf8 } from '../../../helpers/readFileEncoding.js';
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ describe( 'Scribunto', function () {
 		);
 
 		// should come from executed lua script
-		assert( executionContent.includes( 'Hello, world!' ) );
+		expect( executionContent.includes( 'Hello, world!' ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to execute lua module within 0.05 seconds', async function () {
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ describe( 'Scribunto', function () {
 			'LuaTest'
 		);
 
-		assert( cpuTime.value < 0.05 );
-		assert.strictEqual( cpuTime.scale, 'seconds' );
+		expect( cpuTime.value ).toBeLessThan( 0.05 );
+		expect( cpuTime.scale ).toBe( 'seconds' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/universal-language-selector.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/universal-language-selector.ts
index 2ac0deff4..cc9530325 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/universal-language-selector.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/universal-language-selector.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'UniversalLanguageSelector', function () {
 	beforeEach( async function () {
 		await browser.skipIfExtensionNotPresent( this, 'UniversalLanguageSelector' );
@@ -10,8 +8,6 @@ describe( 'UniversalLanguageSelector', function () {
 		await $( '#searchInput' ).click();
 		await $( '.imeselector' ).click();
 
-		const firstLang = await $( '.imeselector-menu h3' ).getText();
-
-		assert.strictEqual( firstLang, 'English' );
+		await expect( $( '.imeselector-menu h3' ) ).toHaveText( 'English' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/visual-editor.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/visual-editor.ts
index 19d898f74..d3155235b 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/visual-editor.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/visual-editor.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'VisualEditor', function () {
 	beforeEach( async function () {
 		await browser.skipIfExtensionNotPresent( this, 'VisualEditor' );
@@ -33,8 +31,6 @@ describe( 'VisualEditor', function () {
 
 		await $( '.oo-ui-processDialog-actions-primary a' ).click();
 
-		const contentBody = await $( '.mw-parser-output' ).getText();
-
-		assert.strictEqual( contentBody, 'TEST' );
+		await expect( $( '.mw-parser-output' ) ).toHaveText( 'TEST' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-edtf.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-edtf.ts
index 9dfa6ed55..e3e7746c4 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-edtf.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-edtf.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 import ItemPage from '../../../helpers/pages/entity/item.page.js';
 import SpecialEntityDataPage from '../../../helpers/pages/special/entity-data.page.js';
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ describe( 'WikibaseEdtf', function () {
 	it( 'Should allow to create and use the EDTF property', async function () {
 		// create the property
 		const propertyId = await WikibaseApi.createProperty( 'edtf' );
-		assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+		expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 
 		const rawValue = '1985-04-12T23:20:30';
 
@@ -37,8 +36,8 @@ describe( 'WikibaseEdtf', function () {
 		const responseSnak =
 			responseData.entities[ itemId ].claims[ propertyId ][ 0 ].mainsnak;
 
-		assert.strictEqual( responseSnak.datavalue.value, '1985-04-12T23:20:30' );
-		assert.strictEqual( responseSnak.datatype, 'edtf' );
+		expect( responseSnak.datavalue.value ).toBe( '1985-04-12T23:20:30' );
+		expect( responseSnak.datatype ).toBe( 'edtf' );
 
 		// for a pretty screenshot
 		await ItemPage.open( itemId );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-local-media.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-local-media.ts
index b2dfc7274..bf283b77e 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-local-media.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-local-media.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 import ItemPage from '../../../helpers/pages/entity/item.page.js';
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ describe( 'WikibaseLocalMedia', function () {
 
 	it( 'Should allow to create a property with localMedia datatype', async function () {
 		propertyId = await WikibaseApi.createProperty( 'localMedia' );
-		assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+		expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 
 		await PropertyPage.open( propertyId );
 
@@ -58,11 +57,10 @@ describe( 'WikibaseLocalMedia', function () {
 		const itemId = await WikibaseApi.createItem( 'image-test', data );
 
 		await ItemPage.open( itemId );
-		const imageSource = await $( '.wikibase-snakview-value img' ).getAttribute(
-			'src'
+		await expect( $( '.wikibase-snakview-value img' ) ).toHaveAttrContaining(
+			'src',
+			'Image.png'
 		);
-
-		assert.strictEqual( imageSource.includes( 'Image.png' ), true );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should allow to use uploaded image on statement in UI', async function () {
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-manifest.ts b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-manifest.ts
index cd8277182..19bda931e 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-manifest.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/extensions/wikibase-manifest.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'WikibaseManifest', function () {
 	beforeEach( async function () {
 		await browser.skipIfExtensionNotPresent( this, 'WikibaseManifest' );
@@ -11,20 +9,13 @@ describe( 'WikibaseManifest', function () {
 		);
 		const data = result.data;
 
-		assert.strictEqual( 'wikibase-docker', data.name );
+		expect( 'wikibase-docker' ).toBe( data.name );
 
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/w/api.php',
-			data.api.action
-		);
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/w/rest.php',
-			data.api.rest
-		);
+		expect( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/w/api.php' ).toBe( data.api.action );
+		expect( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/w/rest.php' ).toBe( data.api.rest );
 
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/wiki/Special:OAuthConsumerRegistration',
-			data.oauth.registration_page
-		);
+		expect(
+			testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/wiki/Special:OAuthConsumerRegistration'
+		).toBe( data.oauth.registration_page );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/property.ts b/test/specs/repo/property.ts
index eeb9ff144..ad444440c 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/property.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/property.ts
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ describe( 'Property', function () {
 			it( 'Should be able to revert a change', async function () {
 				await $( '=View history' ).click();
 				await expect(
-					( await $( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$$( 'li' ) ).length
-				).toBe( 3 );
+					$( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$$( 'li' )
+				).resolves.toHaveLength( 3 );
 				await $( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$( 'li.before' ).$( 'a=undo' ).click();
 				await $(
 					'label=Summary (will be appended to an automatically generated summary):'
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ describe( 'Property', function () {
 
 				await $( '=View history' ).click();
 				await expect(
-					( await $( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$$( 'li' ) ).length
-				).toBe( 4 );
+					$( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$$( 'li' )
+				).resolves.toHaveLength( 4 );
 				await expect( $( 'span.mw-tag-marker-mw-undo' ) ).toExist();
 				await expect(
 					$( 'ul.mw-contributions-list' ).$( 'li.before' )
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/queryservice.ts b/test/specs/repo/queryservice.ts
index 124c01311..6ef210271 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/queryservice.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/queryservice.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { stringify } from 'querystring';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
@@ -13,14 +12,14 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 			{ validateStatus: false },
 			{}
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( result.status, 405 );
+		expect( result.status ).toBe( 405 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to get sparql endpoint', async function () {
 		const result = await browser.makeRequest(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WDQS_PROXY_URL }/bigdata/namespace/wdq/sparql`
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( result.status, 200 );
+		expect( result.status ).toBe( 200 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should not be possible to reach blazegraph ldf api that is not enabled', async function () {
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WDQS_PROXY_URL }/bigdata/namespace/wdq/ldf`,
 			{ validateStatus: false }
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( result.status, 404 );
+		expect( result.status ).toBe( 404 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should not be possible to reach blazegraph ldf assets thats not enabled', async function () {
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WDQS_PROXY_URL }/bigdata/namespace/wdq/assets`,
 			{ validateStatus: false }
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( result.status, 404 );
+		expect( result.status ).toBe( 404 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should not be possible to reach blazegraph workbench', async function () {
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WDQS_PROXY_URL }/bigdata/#query`,
 			{ validateStatus: false }
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual( result.status, 404 );
+		expect( result.status ).toBe( 404 );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should show up with property in queryservice ui after creation', async function () {
@@ -78,28 +77,40 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.submit();
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.resultTable;
 
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:version' ) );
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:dateModified' ) );
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:timestamp' ) );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:version' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'schema:dateModified' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:timestamp' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 
 		// label should match on the prefix
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'rdfs:label', itemLabel ) );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'rdfs:label', itemLabel )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 
 		// should have one statement
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:statements', '1' ) );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:statements', '1' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 
-		assert( await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:sitelinks', '0' ) );
-		assert(
-			await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:identifiers', '0' )
-		);
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:sitelinks', '0' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes( 'wikibase:identifiers', '0' )
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 
 		// property value is set with correct rdf
-		assert(
-			await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
 				`<${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/prop/direct/${ propertyId }>`,
 				propertyValue
 			)
-		);
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 
 		// query the property using wdt: prefix
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.open( `SELECT * WHERE{ ?s wdt:${ propertyId } ?o }` );
@@ -108,12 +119,12 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 		await QueryServiceUIPage.resultTable;
 
 		// should be set only to the item
-		assert(
-			await QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
+		await expect(
+			QueryServiceUIPage.resultIncludes(
 				`<${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/entity/${ itemId }>`,
 				propertyValue
 			)
-		);
+		).resolves.toBe( true );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should not show up in queryservice ui after deletion', async function () {
@@ -143,14 +154,14 @@ describe( 'QueryService', function () {
 		const resultText = await QueryServiceUIPage.resultTable.getText();
 
 		// item should not be included
-		assert( !resultText.includes( 'schema:version' ) );
-		assert( !resultText.includes( 'schema:dateModified' ) );
-		assert( !resultText.includes( 'wikibase:sitelinks' ) );
-		assert( !resultText.includes( 'wikibase:identifiers' ) );
-		assert( !resultText.includes( 'rdfs:label' ) );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'schema:version' ) ).toBe( false );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'schema:dateModified' ) ).toBe( false );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'wikibase:sitelinks' ) ).toBe( false );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'wikibase:identifiers' ) ).toBe( false );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'rdfs:label' ) ).toBe( false );
 
 		// timestamp always shows
-		assert( resultText.includes( 'wikibase:timestamp' ) );
+		expect( resultText.includes( 'wikibase:timestamp' ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should show results for a select query', async function () {
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/search.ts b/test/specs/repo/search.ts
index 83c2bafdf..781ec831b 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/search.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/search.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 
 describe( 'Search', function () {
@@ -15,6 +14,6 @@ describe( 'Search', function () {
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/w/api.php?action=wbsearchentities&search=${ itemLabel }&format=json&errorformat=plaintext&language=en&uselang=en&type=item`
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( result.data.search[ 0 ].label, itemLabel );
+		expect( result.data.search[ 0 ].label ).toBe( itemLabel );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/special-item.ts b/test/specs/repo/special-item.ts
index 8dde7bc75..d1e4ca57a 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/special-item.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/special-item.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import SpecialEntityPage from 'wdio-wikibase/pageobjects/item.page.js';
 import SpecialNewItemPage from '../../helpers/pages/special/new-item.page.js';
 
@@ -18,24 +17,20 @@ describe( 'Special:NewItem', function () {
 
 		await SpecialEntityPage.addStatementLink;
 
-		const labelText = await $(
-			'.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-label'
-		).getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( labelText, label );
-
-		const descriptionText = await $(
-			'.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-description'
-		).getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( descriptionText, description );
-
-		const firstAliasText = await $(
-			'.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-aliases li:nth-child(1)'
-		).getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( firstAliasText, firstAlias );
-
-		const secondAliasText = await $(
-			'.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-aliases li:nth-child(2)'
-		).getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( secondAliasText, secondAlias );
+		await expect( $( '.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-label' ) ).toHaveText(
+			label
+		);
+
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-description' )
+		).toHaveText( description );
+
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-aliases li:nth-child(1)' )
+		).toHaveText( firstAlias );
+
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-entitytermsforlanguageview-aliases li:nth-child(2)' )
+		).toHaveText( secondAlias );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo/special-version.ts b/test/specs/repo/special-version.ts
index bb076caf2..4ac33c103 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo/special-version.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo/special-version.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
-
 describe( 'Special:Version', function () {
 	it( 'Should contain the correct MediaWiki version', async function () {
 		await browser.url( `${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/wiki/Special:Version` );
-		const text = await $( '#sv-software' ).getText();
-		assert.strictEqual(
-			text.includes( `MediaWiki ${ testEnv.vars.MEDIAWIKI_VERSION }` ),
-			true
+		await expect( $( '#sv-software' ) ).toHaveTextContaining(
+			`MediaWiki ${ testEnv.vars.MEDIAWIKI_VERSION }`
 		);
 	} );
 
@@ -50,7 +46,7 @@ describe( 'Special:Version', function () {
 				);
 				await elementSelector.scrollIntoView();
 
-				assert( elementSelector.getText() !== null );
+				await expect( elementSelector ).toHaveText( /.+/ );
 			} );
 		} );
 	} );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo_client/extensions/scribunto-item.ts b/test/specs/repo_client/extensions/scribunto-item.ts
index 61392523d..b38d938c4 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo_client/extensions/scribunto-item.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo_client/extensions/scribunto-item.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { readFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { stringify } from 'querystring';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ describe( 'Scribunto Item', function () {
 		);
 
 		// should come from executed lua script
-		assert( executionContent.includes( itemLabel ) );
+		expect( executionContent.includes( itemLabel ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 
 	// This will generate a change that will dispatch
@@ -104,6 +103,6 @@ describe( 'Scribunto Item', function () {
 			expectedDeletionChange
 		);
 
-		assert.deepStrictEqual( actualChange, expectedDeletionChange );
+		expect( actualChange ).toEqual( expectedDeletionChange );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo_client/interwiki-links.ts b/test/specs/repo_client/interwiki-links.ts
index 1872c3ac1..dfddd0e43 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo_client/interwiki-links.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo_client/interwiki-links.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { readFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { utf8 } from '../../helpers/readFileEncoding.js';
 
@@ -17,7 +16,9 @@ describe( 'Interwiki links', function () {
 		const clientWikiQueryResults = await browser.dbQuery(
 			'SELECT iw_url FROM interwiki WHERE iw_prefix = "client_wiki"'
 		);
-		assert( clientWikiQueryResults.includes( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_CLIENT_URL ) );
+		expect(
+			clientWikiQueryResults.includes( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_CLIENT_URL )
+		).toBe( true );
 
 		const config = {
 			user: testEnv.vars.DB_USER,
@@ -34,6 +35,6 @@ describe( 'Interwiki links', function () {
 			'SELECT iw_url FROM interwiki WHERE iw_prefix = "my_wiki"',
 			config
 		);
-		assert( myWikiQueryResults.includes( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL ) );
+		expect( myWikiQueryResults.includes( testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/repo_client/item.ts b/test/specs/repo_client/item.ts
index cfe1a7dcd..d62eb39ad 100644
--- a/test/specs/repo_client/item.ts
+++ b/test/specs/repo_client/item.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { stringify } from 'querystring';
 import LoginPage from 'wdio-mediawiki/LoginPage.js';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
@@ -25,14 +24,16 @@ describe( 'Item', function () {
 		await browser.url(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_CLIENT_URL }/wiki/Special:NewItem?uselang=qqx`
 		);
-		const notFoundText = await SpecialNewItemPage.firstHeading.getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( notFoundText, '(nosuchspecialpage)' );
+		await expect( SpecialNewItemPage.firstHeading ).toHaveText(
+			'(nosuchspecialpage)'
+		);
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Special:NewItem should be visible on repo', async function () {
 		await SpecialNewItemPage.open( { uselang: 'qqx' } );
-		const createNewItem = await SpecialNewItemPage.firstHeading.getText();
-		assert.strictEqual( createNewItem, '(special-newitem)' );
+		await expect( SpecialNewItemPage.firstHeading ).toHaveText(
+			'(special-newitem)'
+		);
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should create an item on repo', async function () {
@@ -67,8 +68,7 @@ describe( 'Item', function () {
 			`{{#statements:${ propertyId }|from=${ itemId }}}`
 		);
 		// label should come from repo property
-		assert.equal( bodyText, propertyValue );
-		assert( bodyText.includes( propertyValue ) );
+		expect( bodyText ).toBe( propertyValue );
 	} );
 
 	// This will generate a change that will dispatch
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ describe( 'Item', function () {
 		);
 		await $( '#wb-setsitelink-submit button' ).click();
 
-		const siteLinkValue = await $(
-			'.wikibase-sitelinklistview-listview li'
-		).getText();
-
 		// label should come from repo property
-		assert( siteLinkValue.includes( 'client_wiki' ) );
-		assert( siteLinkValue.includes( pageTitle ) );
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-sitelinklistview-listview li' )
+		).toHaveTextContaining( 'client_wiki' );
+		await expect(
+			$( '.wikibase-sitelinklistview-listview li' )
+		).toHaveTextContaining( pageTitle );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'Should be able to see site-link change is dispatched to client', async function () {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ describe( 'Item', function () {
 			expectedSiteLinkChange
 		);
 
-		assert.deepStrictEqual( actualChange, expectedSiteLinkChange );
+		expect( actualChange ).toEqual( expectedSiteLinkChange );
 	} );
 
 	// This will generate a change that will dispatch
@@ -138,6 +138,6 @@ describe( 'Item', function () {
 			expectedTestDeletionChange
 		);
 
-		assert.deepStrictEqual( actualChange, expectedTestDeletionChange );
+		expect( actualChange ).toEqual( expectedTestDeletionChange );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/upgrade/pre-upgrade.ts b/test/specs/upgrade/pre-upgrade.ts
index 323e99c3e..e93baef5a 100644
--- a/test/specs/upgrade/pre-upgrade.ts
+++ b/test/specs/upgrade/pre-upgrade.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ describe( 'Wikibase pre upgrade', function () {
 				data
 			);
 
-			assert.strictEqual( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ), true );
-			assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+			expect( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ) ).toBe( true );
+			expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 		}
 	} );
 
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ describe( 'Wikibase pre upgrade', function () {
 
 		const itemId = await WikibaseApi.createItem( itemLabel, data );
 
-		assert.strictEqual( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ), true );
-		assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+		expect( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ) ).toBe( true );
+		expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-post-upgrade.ts b/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-post-upgrade.ts
index 4ac385b68..1de526e37 100644
--- a/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-post-upgrade.ts
+++ b/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-post-upgrade.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ for unknown reasons. This spec existed but was skipped in the code the Wikibase
 team inherited.
 */
 
-import assert from 'assert';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
 import { getElementByURI } from '../../helpers/blazegraph.js';
 import Binding from '../../types/binding.js';
@@ -39,8 +38,8 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 
 		newItemId = await WikibaseApi.createItem( itemLabel, data );
 
-		assert.strictEqual( newItemId.startsWith( 'Q' ), true );
-		assert.strictEqual( newPropertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+		expect( newItemId.startsWith( 'Q' ) ).toBe( true );
+		expect( newPropertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 	} );
 
 	it( 'New item should show up in Queryservice', async function () {
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 			}
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( bindings.length, 9 );
+		expect( bindings ).toHaveLength( 9 );
 
 		const statement = getElementByURI(
 			testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL + '/prop/' + newPropertyId,
@@ -93,14 +92,14 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 			bindings
 		);
 
-		assert( dateModified !== null );
-		assert( schemaVersion !== null );
-		assert( siteLinks !== null );
-		assert( identifiers !== null );
-		assert( timestamp !== null );
-		assert( statement !== null );
+		expect( dateModified ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( schemaVersion ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( siteLinks ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( identifiers ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( timestamp ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( statement ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
 
-		assert.strictEqual( property.o.value, propertyValue );
-		assert.strictEqual( itemLabelValue.o.value, itemLabel );
+		expect( property.o.value ).toBe( propertyValue );
+		expect( itemLabelValue.o.value ).toBe( itemLabel );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-pre-and-post-upgrade.ts b/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-pre-and-post-upgrade.ts
index 0e9bed453..e60246f13 100644
--- a/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-pre-and-post-upgrade.ts
+++ b/test/specs/upgrade/queryservice-pre-and-post-upgrade.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ for unknown reasons. This spec existed but was skipped in the code the Wikibase
 team inherited.
 */
 
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { getElementByURI } from '../../helpers/blazegraph.js';
 import ItemPage from '../../helpers/pages/entity/item.page.js';
 import SpecialEntityDataPage from '../../helpers/pages/special/entity-data.page.js';
@@ -27,10 +26,10 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 		const success = result.data.success;
 		const searchResults = result.data.search;
 
-		assert.strictEqual( success, 1 );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults.length, 1 );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults[ 0 ].match.text, 'UpgradeItem' );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults[ 0 ].match.type, 'label' );
+		expect( success ).toBe( 1 );
+		expect( searchResults ).toHaveLength( 1 );
+		expect( searchResults[ 0 ].match.text ).toBe( 'UpgradeItem' );
+		expect( searchResults[ 0 ].match.type ).toBe( 'label' );
 
 		oldItemID = searchResults[ 0 ].id;
 
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 		const data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( oldItemID );
 		const properties = Object.keys( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims );
 
-		assert.strictEqual( properties.length, 1 );
+		expect( properties ).toHaveLength( 1 );
 
 		oldPropertyID = properties[ 0 ];
 	} );
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 			}
 		);
 
-		assert.strictEqual( bindings.length, 9 );
+		expect( bindings ).toHaveLength( 9 );
 
 		const statement = getElementByURI(
 			`${ testEnv.vars.WIKIBASE_URL }/prop/${ oldPropertyID }`,
@@ -98,17 +97,17 @@ describe( 'Wikibase post upgrade', function () {
 			bindings
 		);
 
-		assert( dateModified !== null );
-		assert( schemaVersion !== null );
-		assert( siteLinks !== null );
-		assert( identifiers !== null );
-		assert( timestamp !== null );
-		assert( statement !== null );
+		expect( dateModified ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( schemaVersion ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( siteLinks ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( identifiers ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( timestamp ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( statement ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
 
-		assert( property !== null );
-		assert.strictEqual( property.o.value, 'UpgradeItemStringValue' );
+		expect( property ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( property.o.value ).toBe( 'UpgradeItemStringValue' );
 
-		assert( itemLabelValue !== null );
-		assert.strictEqual( itemLabelValue.o.value, 'UpgradeItem' );
+		expect( itemLabelValue ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( itemLabelValue.o.value ).toBe( 'UpgradeItem' );
 	} );
 } );
diff --git a/test/specs/upgrade/upgrade.ts b/test/specs/upgrade/upgrade.ts
index 893343e02..afef2fc07 100644
--- a/test/specs/upgrade/upgrade.ts
+++ b/test/specs/upgrade/upgrade.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import assert from 'assert';
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import { getTestString } from 'wdio-mediawiki/Util.js';
 import WikibaseApi from 'wdio-wikibase/wikibase.api.js';
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ describe( 'Wikibase upgrade', function () {
 				getTestString( itemLabel ),
 				data
 			);
-			assert.strictEqual( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ), true );
-			assert.strictEqual( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ), true );
+			expect( itemId.startsWith( 'Q' ) ).toBe( true );
+			expect( propertyId.startsWith( 'P' ) ).toBe( true );
 		}
 	} );
 
@@ -77,10 +76,10 @@ describe( 'Wikibase upgrade', function () {
 		const success = result.data.success;
 		const searchResults = result.data.search;
 
-		assert.strictEqual( success, 1 );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults.length, 1 );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults[ 0 ].match.text, 'UpgradeItem' );
-		assert.strictEqual( searchResults[ 0 ].match.type, 'label' );
+		expect( success ).toBe( 1 );
+		expect( searchResults ).toHaveLength( 1 );
+		expect( searchResults[ 0 ].match.text ).toBe( 'UpgradeItem' );
+		expect( searchResults[ 0 ].match.type ).toBe( 'label' );
 
 		oldItemID = searchResults[ 0 ].id;
 
@@ -89,6 +88,11 @@ describe( 'Wikibase upgrade', function () {
 
 	it( 'should show up in Special:EntityData with json', async function () {
 		const data = await SpecialEntityDataPage.getData( oldItemID );
-		assert( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims[ 0 ] !== null );
+		expect( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims ).toEqual( expect.anything() );
+		expect( Object.keys( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims ) ).toHaveLength( 1 );
+		const oldPropertyId = Object.keys( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims )[ 0 ];
+		expect( data.entities[ oldItemID ].claims[ oldPropertyId ] ).toEqual(
+			expect.anything()
+		);
 	} );
 } );