From eff3a21e281b5a95437012d2cb4e5907f6534c52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:04:23 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 01/40] =?UTF-8?q?docs(README):=20=EA=B8=B0=EB=8A=A5=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=AA=85=EC=84=B8=EC=84=9C=20=EC=9E=91=EC=84=B1?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 README.md | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e078fd41..970cac0a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,74 @@
-# javascript-racingcar-precourse
+# 🏎️ 자동차 경주 기능 명세
+
+## 1. Domain
+
+### 1) `Car`
+
+- 자동차의 이름과 이동 거리를 보유합니다.
+- 전진 명령을 받아 이동 거리를 1 증가시킵니다.
+- 자동차 이름과 현재 이동 거리를 반환합니다.
+
+## 2. Model
+
+### 1) `RaceCarFactory`
+
+- 쉼표로 구분된 자동차 이름 문자열을 받습니다.
+- 각 이름을 분리하고 공백을 제거합니다.
+- `Car` 인스턴스 배열을 생성하여 반환합니다.
+
+### 2) `RaceStepProcessor`
+
+- 자동차 배열을 받아 한 번의 이동 시도를 처리합니다.
+- 자동차마다 0~9 사이의 난수를 생성합니다.
+- 난수가 4 이상이면 해당 자동차를 전진시킵니다.
+
+### 3) `RaceSimulator`
+
+- 자동차 이름과 시도 횟수를 받아 경주를 관리합니다.
+- `RaceCarFactory`로 자동차 목록을 생성합니다.
+- 남은 시도 횟수를 추적합니다.
+- `RaceStepProcessor`를 통해 각 단계를 실행합니다.
+- 현재 모든 자동차의 위치 정보를 반환합니다.
+- 최종 우승자 목록을 계산하여 반환합니다.
+
+## 3. View
+
+### 1) `InputView`
+
+- 사용자에게 입력 안내 메시지를 표시합니다.
+- 자동차 이름들을 입력받습니다.
+- 시도 횟수를 입력받습니다.
+
+### 2) `OutputView`
+
+- 실행 결과 헤더를 출력합니다.
+- 단계마다 자동차별 현재 위치를 출력합니다.
+- 최종 우승자를 출력합니다.
+
+## 4. Controller
+
+### 1) `RaceController`
+
+- `InputView`를 통해 자동차 이름을 입력받습니다.
+- `InputView`를 통해 시도 횟수를 입력받습니다.
+- `RaceSimulator`를 생성하여 경주를 초기화합니다.
+- `OutputView`로 결과 헤더를 출력합니다.
+- 남은 시도가 있는 동안 반복하여 각 단계를 실행합니다.
+- 각 단계의 결과를 `OutputView`로 출력합니다.
+- 경주 종료 후 우승자를 `OutputView`로 출력합니다.
+
+## 5. 예외처리
+
+### 1) 자동차 이름 검증
+- 자동차 이름의 길이를 검증합니다.
+- 이름이 5자를 초과하는 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+- 이름이 비어있는 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+- 이름에 쉼표가 포함된 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+- 이름이 중복된 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+
+### 2) 시도 횟수 검증
+- 시도 횟수가 숫자가 아닌 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+- 시도 횟수가 0 이하인 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
+
+### 3) 에러 메시지
+- 모든 예외는 `[ERROR]`로 시작하는 메시지를 제공합니다.

From 94669f31a2c4cb63b26ac501502c923fccf2bb77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:08:23 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 02/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(constants):=20=EC=97=90=EB=9F=AC=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A9=94=EC=8B=9C=EC=A7=80=20=EC=83=81=EC=88=98=20=EC=A0=95?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=98?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차 이름 및 시도 횟수 관련 검증 에러 메시지를 상수로 선언
- 공통 접두사 [ERROR]를 ERROR_PREFIX로 분리해 일관성 유지
---
 src/constants/errorMessages.js | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/constants/errorMessages.js

diff --git a/src/constants/errorMessages.js b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0eca4b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+const ERROR_PREFIX = '[ERROR]';
+
+const ERROR_MESSAGES = Object.freeze({
+  NAME_TOO_LONG: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 5자 이하여야 합니다.`,
+  NAME_EMPTY: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름을 입력해야 합니다.`,
+  NAME_CONTAINS_COMMA: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름에 쉼표를 포함할 수 없습니다.`,
+  NAME_DUPLICATED: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 중복될 수 없습니다.`,
+  ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 숫자만 입력해야 합니다.`,
+  ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 0보다 커야 합니다.`,
+});
+
+export default ERROR_MESSAGES;

From 079c2701f2c6ea2caf55e3d02307607316ed743b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:09:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 03/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(constants):=20=EC=82=AC=EC=9A=A9?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9E=90=20=EC=95=88=EB=82=B4=20=EB=B0=8F=20=EA=B2=B0=EA=B3=BC?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EC=B6=9C=EB=A0=A5=20=EB=A9=94=EC=8B=9C=EC=A7=80=20=EC=83=81?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=88=98=20=EC=A0=95=EC=9D=98?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차 이름 및 시도 횟수 입력을 위한 안내 메시지 추가
- 실행 결과 및 우승자 표시용 출력 문자열 정의
---
 src/constants/promptMessages.js | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/constants/promptMessages.js

diff --git a/src/constants/promptMessages.js b/src/constants/promptMessages.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbc9a759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/constants/promptMessages.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+const PROMPT_MESSAGES = Object.freeze({
+  CAR_NAMES_INPUT: '경주할 자동차 이름을 입력하세요.(이름은 쉼표(,) 기준으로 구분)\n',
+  ATTEMPT_COUNT_INPUT: '시도할 횟수는 몇 회인가요?\n',
+  RESULT_HEADER: '\n실행 결과',
+  FINAL_WINNERS_PREFIX: '최종 우승자',
+});
+
+export default PROMPT_MESSAGES;

From 1cf4f1ca14731372f4749fe943d4ee3ae5ea6d77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:11:06 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 04/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(Car):=20Car=20=EB=8F=84=EB=A9=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=B8=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차의 이름과 이동 거리를 관리하는 Car 클래스 정의
- move 메서드를 사용하여 이동 거리 증가
- 이름과 이동 거리 접근을 위한 getter 메서드 정의
---
 src/domains/Car.js | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/domains/Car.js

diff --git a/src/domains/Car.js b/src/domains/Car.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f7a7ced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/domains/Car.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+class Car {
+  #name;
+  #distance;
+
+  constructor(name) {
+    this.#name = name;
+    this.#distance = 0;
+  }
+
+  move() {
+    this.#distance += 1;
+  }
+
+  getName() {
+    return this.#name;
+  }
+
+  getDistance() {
+    return this.#distance;
+  }
+}
+
+export default Car;

From 7910569ede110ca899a30a967daf54ac0411526e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:12:55 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 05/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceCarFactory):=20=EC=9E=90?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8F=99=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=EC=9C=BC=EB=A1=9C=20Car?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EC=9D=B8=EC=8A=A4=ED=84=B4=EC=8A=A4=EB=A5=BC=20=EC=83=9D?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=84=B1=ED=95=98=EB=8A=94=20=ED=8C=A9=ED=86=A0=EB=A6=AC=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 입력받은 자동차 이름 문자열을 쉼표 기준으로 분리
- 각 이름을 trim 처리 후 Car 인스턴스로 변환
- 생성된 Car 인스턴스 배열을 반환
---
 src/models/RaceCarFactory.js | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/models/RaceCarFactory.js

diff --git a/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js b/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffd2f9ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import Car from '../domains/Car.js';
+
+class RaceCarFactory {
+  static createCars(carNames) {
+    const splitNames = carNames.split(',');
+    return splitNames.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
+  }
+}
+
+export default RaceCarFactory;

From b8c8d11e50fc2d8cf1853ad992dc01dcb8afd1a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:14:30 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 06/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceStepProcessor):=20=EB=8B=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=BC=20=EC=8B=A4=ED=96=89=20=EB=8B=A8=EA=B3=84=EB=A5=BC=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=B4=EB=8B=B9=ED=95=98=EB=8A=94=20=EB=8B=A8=EA=B3=84=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B2=98=EB=A6=AC=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 0부터 9 사이의 난수를 생성하여 4 이상일 경우 자동차를 전진
- 각 자동차 인스턴스의 move 메서드를 호출하여 거리 증가 처리
---
 src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js

diff --git a/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js b/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6792d36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+
+class RaceStepProcessor {
+  static runOneStep(cars) {
+    cars.forEach((car) => {
+      if (Random.pickNumberInRange(0, 9) >= 4) {
+        car.move();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+export default RaceStepProcessor;

From 812e193f4a0c0aafc7f0c45e4a40251bb74860ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:16:20 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 07/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceSimulator):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B0=A8=20=EA=B2=BD=EC=A3=BC=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=AE=AC=EB=A0=88?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=B4=EC=85=98=20=EA=B4=80=EB=A6=AC=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- RaceCarFactory를 통해 초기 자동차 객체 생성
- RaceStepProcessor를 호출해 매 시도마다 전진 여부 결정
- 현재 위치 조회, 남은 시도 여부 판단, 최종 우승자 계산 기능 포함
- 한 번의 실행 단계 결과를 반환하는 executeStep 메서드 구현
---
 src/models/RaceSimulator.js | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/models/RaceSimulator.js

diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8812c355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import RaceCarFactory from './RaceCarFactory.js';
+import RaceStepProcessor from './RaceStepProcessor.js';
+
+class RaceSimulator {
+  #cars;
+  #remainingAttempts;
+
+  constructor(carNames, attemptCount) {
+    this.#cars = RaceCarFactory.createCars(carNames);
+    this.#remainingAttempts = attemptCount;
+  }
+
+  #getCurrentPositions() {
+    return this.#cars.map((car) => [car.getName(), car.getDistance()]);
+  }
+
+  executeStep() {
+    this.#remainingAttempts -= 1;
+    RaceStepProcessor.runOneStep(this.#cars);
+    return this.#getCurrentPositions();
+  }
+
+  hasRemainingAttempts() {
+    return this.#remainingAttempts > 0;
+  }
+
+  getRaceWinners() {
+    const maxDistance = Math.max(...this.#cars.map((car) => car.getDistance()));
+    return this.#cars
+      .filter((car) => car.getDistance() === maxDistance)
+      .map((car) => car.getName());
+  }
+}
+
+export default RaceSimulator;

From d07a1c09d3b6c468f02d5a369ea4e4bda99ba95a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:17:45 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 08/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(InputView):=20=EC=BD=98=EC=86=94=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9E=85=EB=A0=A5=EC=9D=84=20=EC=B2=98=EB=A6=AC=ED=95=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8A=94=20View=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- Console.readLineAsync를 사용해 프롬프트 메시지 출력 및 입력 대기
---
 src/views/InputView.js | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/views/InputView.js

diff --git a/src/views/InputView.js b/src/views/InputView.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ef314ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/views/InputView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { Console } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+
+class InputView {
+  async readString(promptMessage) {
+    const input = await Console.readLineAsync(promptMessage);
+    return input;
+  }
+}
+
+export default InputView;

From ec96c3546f8a7f3e1d63c79c527063d6e1dfaa14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:18:49 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 09/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(OutputView):=20=EC=BD=98=EC=86=94=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B6=9C=EB=A0=A5=EC=9D=84=20=EB=8B=B4=EB=8B=B9=ED=95=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8A=94=20View=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=B6=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 실행 결과 헤더, 각 단계별 경주 결과, 최종 우승자 출력 기능 구현
- Console.print를 이용해 단계별 결과와 구분 공백 라인 처리
---
 src/views/OutputView.js | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/views/OutputView.js

diff --git a/src/views/OutputView.js b/src/views/OutputView.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2ac70bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/views/OutputView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { Console } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+import PROMPT_MESSAGES from '../constants/promptMessages.js';
+
+class OutputView {
+  printResultHeader() {
+    Console.print(PROMPT_MESSAGES.RESULT_HEADER);
+  }
+
+  printStepResult(result) {
+    result.forEach((car) => {
+      const [name, distance] = car;
+      Console.print(`${name} : ${'-'.repeat(distance)}`);
+    });
+    Console.print('');
+  }
+
+  printWinners(winners) {
+    Console.print(`${PROMPT_MESSAGES.FINAL_WINNERS_PREFIX} : ${winners.join(', ')}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export default OutputView;

From e41fa179bd6a60ee3804ac064d8745d0e8e49be6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 22:21:20 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 10/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceController):=20=EC=9E=90?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8F=99=EC=B0=A8=20=EA=B2=BD=EC=A3=BC=20=ED=9D=90=EB=A6=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=84=20=EC=A0=9C=EC=96=B4=ED=95=98=EB=8A=94=20=EC=BB=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=8A=B8=EB=A1=A4=EB=9F=AC=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 입력, 출력, 시뮬레이션 로직을 통합 관리하는 Controller 구현
- 사용자의 자동차 이름과 시도 횟수를 입력받아 경주 실행
- 각 단계별 결과와 최종 우승자를 출력하는 전체 실행 흐름 구성
---
 src/controllers/RaceController.js | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/controllers/RaceController.js

diff --git a/src/controllers/RaceController.js b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbbd97e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import RaceSimulator from '../models/RaceSimulator.js';
+import InputView from '../views/InputView.js';
+import OutputView from '../views/OutputView.js';
+import PROMPT_MESSAGES from '../constants/promptMessages.js';
+
+class RaceController {
+  #inputView;
+  #outputView;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.#inputView = new InputView();
+    this.#outputView = new OutputView();
+  }
+
+  async start() {
+    const carNames = await this.#readCarNames();
+    const attemptCount = await this.#readAttemptCount();
+    this.#runRace(carNames, attemptCount);
+  }
+
+  async #readCarNames() {
+    return await this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.CAR_NAMES_INPUT);
+  }
+
+  async #readAttemptCount() {
+    return await this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_INPUT);
+  }
+
+  #runRace(carNames, attemptCount) {
+    const simulator = new RaceSimulator(carNames, attemptCount);
+    this.#outputView.printResultHeader();
+    while (simulator.hasRemainingAttempts()) {
+      const positions = simulator.executeStep();
+      this.#outputView.printStepResult(positions);
+    }
+    this.#outputView.printWinners(simulator.getRaceWinners());
+  }
+}
+
+export default RaceController;

From e77c0736bae0f3a62cb27ac9dddae7c7b5744a6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 06:24:43 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 11/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(models):=20=EB=B6=88=ED=95=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9A=94=ED=95=9C=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98=EC=8A=A4=20=EC=A0=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B1=B0=20=EB=B0=8F=20=EC=9C=A0=ED=8B=B8=20=ED=95=A8=EC=88=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A1=9C=20=EB=8B=A8=EC=88=9C=ED=99=94?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

RaceCarFactory와 RaceStepProcessor는 인스턴스 상태를 가지지 않고, 단순히 입력값을 처리하는 정적 메서드만 포함하고 있었습니다.
이에 따라 클래스로 유지할 필요가 없어, 각각의 로직을 순수 함수(createCars, runOneStep) 형태로 분리하여 utils로 이동합니다.

- createCars, runOneStep을 유틸 함수 형태로 변경
- RaceSimulator에서 해당 함수 직접 호출하여 구조 단순화
---
 src/models/RaceCarFactory.js    | 10 ----------
 src/models/RaceSimulator.js     |  7 +++----
 src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js | 13 -------------
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/models/RaceCarFactory.js
 delete mode 100644 src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js
 create mode 100644 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js

diff --git a/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js b/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ffd2f9ed..00000000
--- a/src/models/RaceCarFactory.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-import Car from '../domains/Car.js';
-
-class RaceCarFactory {
-  static createCars(carNames) {
-    const splitNames = carNames.split(',');
-    return splitNames.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
-  }
-}
-
-export default RaceCarFactory;
diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
index 8812c355..dd1f74b2 100644
--- a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-import RaceCarFactory from './RaceCarFactory.js';
-import RaceStepProcessor from './RaceStepProcessor.js';
+import { createCars, runOneStep } from './utils/raceUtils.js';
 
 class RaceSimulator {
   #cars;
   #remainingAttempts;
 
   constructor(carNames, attemptCount) {
-    this.#cars = RaceCarFactory.createCars(carNames);
+    this.#cars = createCars(carNames);
     this.#remainingAttempts = attemptCount;
   }
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ class RaceSimulator {
 
   executeStep() {
     this.#remainingAttempts -= 1;
-    RaceStepProcessor.runOneStep(this.#cars);
+    runOneStep(this.#cars);
     return this.#getCurrentPositions();
   }
 
diff --git a/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js b/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js
deleted file mode 100644
index a6792d36..00000000
--- a/src/models/RaceStepProcessor.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
-
-class RaceStepProcessor {
-  static runOneStep(cars) {
-    cars.forEach((car) => {
-      if (Random.pickNumberInRange(0, 9) >= 4) {
-        car.move();
-      }
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-export default RaceStepProcessor;
diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2319fb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+import Car from '../../domains/Car.js';
+
+export const createCars = (carNames) => {
+  const splitNames = carNames.split(',');
+  return splitNames.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
+};
+
+export const runOneStep = (cars) => {
+  cars.forEach((car) => {
+    if (Random.pickNumberInRange(0, 9) >= 4) {
+      car.move();
+    }
+  });
+};

From eb04f075bf445ec8af925e50e91cbf16c9f848fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 06:58:41 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 12/40] =?UTF-8?q?fix(constants):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EC=9E=85=EB=A0=A5=20=ED=98=95?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8B=9D=20=EA=B4=80=EB=A0=A8=20=EC=98=A4=EB=A5=98=20=EB=A9=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8B=9C=EC=A7=80=20=EC=88=98=EC=A0=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- NAME_CONTAINS_COMMA를 NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID로 상수명 변경
- 오류 메시지를 쉼표로 구분된 올바른 형식을 입력하도록 구체화
---
 src/constants/errorMessages.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/constants/errorMessages.js b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
index 0eca4b51..e78f0a61 100644
--- a/src/constants/errorMessages.js
+++ b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ const ERROR_PREFIX = '[ERROR]';
 const ERROR_MESSAGES = Object.freeze({
   NAME_TOO_LONG: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 5자 이하여야 합니다.`,
   NAME_EMPTY: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름을 입력해야 합니다.`,
-  NAME_CONTAINS_COMMA: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름에 쉼표를 포함할 수 없습니다.`,
+  NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 쉼표로 구분된 올바른 형식으로 입력해야 합니다.`,
   NAME_DUPLICATED: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 중복될 수 없습니다.`,
   ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 숫자만 입력해야 합니다.`,
   ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 0보다 커야 합니다.`,

From 4180e62077c6478773ecdd4886f622835be9ba21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:07:47 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 13/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(validators):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EB=B0=8F=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D=20=EC=9C=A0=ED=8B=B8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차 이름이 비어있거나 5자를 초과하거나 중복된 경우 예외 발생
- 시도 횟수가 숫자가 아니거나 0 이하인 경우 예외 발생
---
 src/utils/validators.js | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/utils/validators.js

diff --git a/src/utils/validators.js b/src/utils/validators.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72c01800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/validators.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
+
+export function validateNameLength(carName) {
+  if (carName.length > 5) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
+  }
+  if (carName.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_EMPTY);
+  }
+}
+
+export function validateNameListFormat(rawNames) {
+  const VALID_NAME_LIST_PATTERN = /^[^,]+(,[^,]+)*$/;
+
+  if (!VALID_NAME_LIST_PATTERN.test(rawNames)) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID);
+  }
+}
+
+export function validateNameDuplication(carNames) {
+  if (new Set(carNames).size !== carNames.length) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
+  }
+}
+
+export function validateNumericValue(attemptInput) {
+  if (isNaN(attemptInput)) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC);
+  }
+}
+
+export function validatePositiveNumber(number) {
+  if (number <= 0) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
+  }
+}

From 96fbbbc98ab651a8ed3f5a3bc9661d7d2b3cff40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:09:40 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 14/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(Car):=20=EC=83=9D=EC=84=B1=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8B=9C=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EA=B8=B8=EC=9D=B4=20=EA=B2=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A6=9D=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- Car 인스턴스 생성 시 validateNameLength 호출
---
 src/domains/Car.js | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/domains/Car.js b/src/domains/Car.js
index 4f7a7ced..97a8f198 100644
--- a/src/domains/Car.js
+++ b/src/domains/Car.js
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import { validateNameLength } from '../utils/validators.js';
+
 class Car {
   #name;
   #distance;
 
   constructor(name) {
+    validateNameLength(name);
     this.#name = name;
     this.#distance = 0;
   }

From 10e48e4b7c5ef5f9924d4f76db065a7befc15c6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:10:27 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 15/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceController):=20=EC=9E=85?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A0=A5=EA=B0=92=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D=20=EB=A1=9C=EC=A7=81=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차 이름 입력 시 validateNameListFormat 호출
- 시도 횟수 입력 시 validateNumericValue 호출
- 컨트롤러 수준에서 입력 검증 책임 수행
---
 src/controllers/RaceController.js | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/controllers/RaceController.js b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
index bbbd97e9..21e89039 100644
--- a/src/controllers/RaceController.js
+++ b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import RaceSimulator from '../models/RaceSimulator.js';
 import InputView from '../views/InputView.js';
 import OutputView from '../views/OutputView.js';
+import { validateNameListFormat, validateNumericValue } from '../utils/validators.js';
 import PROMPT_MESSAGES from '../constants/promptMessages.js';
 
 class RaceController {
@@ -14,7 +15,9 @@ class RaceController {
 
   async start() {
     const carNames = await this.#readCarNames();
+    validateNameListFormat(carNames);
     const attemptCount = await this.#readAttemptCount();
+    validateNumericValue(attemptCount);
     this.#runRace(carNames, attemptCount);
   }
 

From c74388f32db979db24ecca3e0264cb14e5c014e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:11:13 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 16/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(RaceSimulator):=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EC=9C=A0=ED=9A=A8=EC=84=B1=20=EA=B2=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A6=9D=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 생성자에서 validatePositiveNumber 호출
---
 src/models/RaceSimulator.js | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
index dd1f74b2..22579ff9 100644
--- a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createCars, runOneStep } from './utils/raceUtils.js';
+import { validatePositiveNumber } from '../utils/validators.js';
 
 class RaceSimulator {
   #cars;
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ class RaceSimulator {
 
   constructor(carNames, attemptCount) {
     this.#cars = createCars(carNames);
+    validatePositiveNumber(attemptCount);
     this.#remainingAttempts = attemptCount;
   }
 

From fc8936e5682825444146266987e69393b8db4c8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:11:39 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 17/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(raceUtils):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EC=A4=91=EB=B3=B5=20=EA=B2=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A6=9D=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- createCars 내부에서 validateNameDuplication 호출
---
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
index 2319fb14..d108269a 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
 import Car from '../../domains/Car.js';
+import { validateNameDuplication } from '../../utils/validators.js';
 
 export const createCars = (carNames) => {
   const splitNames = carNames.split(',');
+  validateNameDuplication(splitNames);
   return splitNames.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
 };
 

From 29ad891825268ed7874935c3f36b9b4de29726c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:14:12 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 18/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(App):=20=EC=95=A0=ED=94=8C=EB=A6=AC?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=BC=80=EC=9D=B4=EC=85=98=20=EC=8B=A4=ED=96=89=20=EC=8B=9C=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?RaceController=20=EC=B4=88=EA=B8=B0=ED=99=94=20=EB=B0=8F=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8B=A4=ED=96=89?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/App.js | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/App.js b/src/App.js
index 091aa0a5..69b7624e 100644
--- a/src/App.js
+++ b/src/App.js
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+import RaceController from './controllers/RaceController.js';
+
 class App {
-  async run() {}
+  async run() {
+    const controller = new RaceController();
+    await controller.start();
+  }
 }
 
 export default App;

From 0fd082f9d9e9f8118aabe8010574e803ea8e77a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:14:50 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 19/40] =?UTF-8?q?style(index):=20import=20=EA=B2=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A1=9C=20=EC=9E=91=EC=9D=80=EB=94=B0=EC=98=B4=ED=91=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A1=9C=20=EC=88=98=EC=A0=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/index.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index 02a1d389..9daefc93 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import App from "./App.js";
+import App from './App.js';
 
 const app = new App();
 await app.run();

From f2ae8440d20ec0af58d57e13ad371089f989982a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:19:43 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 20/40] =?UTF-8?q?docs(README):=20=ED=94=84=EB=A1=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B7=B8=EB=9E=A8=20=EA=B5=AC=EC=A1=B0=20=EB=B3=80=EA=B2=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=84=20=EB=B0=98=EC=98=81=ED=95=98=EC=97=AC=20README.md=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=97=85=EB=8D=B0=EC=9D=B4=ED=8A=B8?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 README.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 970cac0a..05111502 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,26 +10,28 @@
 
 ## 2. Model
 
-### 1) `RaceCarFactory`
+### 1) `RaceSimulator`
 
-- 쉼표로 구분된 자동차 이름 문자열을 받습니다.
-- 각 이름을 분리하고 공백을 제거합니다.
-- `Car` 인스턴스 배열을 생성하여 반환합니다.
+- 자동차 이름과 시도 횟수를 받아 경주 전체를 관리합니다.
+- `createCars` 함수를 사용해 자동차 목록을 생성합니다.
+- 남은 시도 횟수를 추적하며, 각 턴마다 `runOneStep` 함수를 호출해 이동을 처리합니다.
+- 각 단계의 자동차 위치 정보를 반환합니다.
+- 최종 우승자를 계산해 반환합니다.
 
-### 2) `RaceStepProcessor`
+### 2) `raceUtils`
 
-- 자동차 배열을 받아 한 번의 이동 시도를 처리합니다.
-- 자동차마다 0~9 사이의 난수를 생성합니다.
-- 난수가 4 이상이면 해당 자동차를 전진시킵니다.
+- 경주 관련 로직을 유틸 함수 형식으로 제공합니다.
+
+#### `createCars(carNames)`
 
-### 3) `RaceSimulator`
+- 쉼표로 구분된 자동차 이름 문자열을 입력받아, 각 이름의 공백을 제거합니다.
+- 각 이름에 대해 `Car` 인스턴스를 생성해 배열로 반환합니다.
 
-- 자동차 이름과 시도 횟수를 받아 경주를 관리합니다.
-- `RaceCarFactory`로 자동차 목록을 생성합니다.
-- 남은 시도 횟수를 추적합니다.
-- `RaceStepProcessor`를 통해 각 단계를 실행합니다.
-- 현재 모든 자동차의 위치 정보를 반환합니다.
-- 최종 우승자 목록을 계산하여 반환합니다.
+#### `runOneStep(cars)`
+
+- 자동차 배열을 받아 한 번의 이동 시도를 처리합니다.
+- 각 자동차마다 0~9 범위의 난수를 생성하고,
+  난수가 4 이상일 경우 전진시킵니다.
 
 ## 3. View
 
@@ -49,26 +51,28 @@
 
 ### 1) `RaceController`
 
-- `InputView`를 통해 자동차 이름을 입력받습니다.
-- `InputView`를 통해 시도 횟수를 입력받습니다.
+- `InputView`를 통해 자동차 이름과 시도 횟수를 입력받습니다.
 - `RaceSimulator`를 생성하여 경주를 초기화합니다.
 - `OutputView`로 결과 헤더를 출력합니다.
 - 남은 시도가 있는 동안 반복하여 각 단계를 실행합니다.
 - 각 단계의 결과를 `OutputView`로 출력합니다.
 - 경주 종료 후 우승자를 `OutputView`로 출력합니다.
 
-## 5. 예외처리
+## 5. 예외 처리
 
 ### 1) 자동차 이름 검증
+
+- 자동차 이름 목록이 쉼표로 구분된 올바른 형식이 아닌 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 - 자동차 이름의 길이를 검증합니다.
 - 이름이 5자를 초과하는 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 - 이름이 비어있는 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
-- 이름에 쉼표가 포함된 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 - 이름이 중복된 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 
 ### 2) 시도 횟수 검증
+
 - 시도 횟수가 숫자가 아닌 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 - 시도 횟수가 0 이하인 경우 예외를 발생시킵니다.
 
 ### 3) 에러 메시지
+
 - 모든 예외는 `[ERROR]`로 시작하는 메시지를 제공합니다.

From d4ab24c723dcf5feb33d615de7e002ccadf4ab05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:22:58 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 21/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(raceUtils):=20runOneStep=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=95=A8=EC=88=98=20=EB=82=B4=EB=B6=80=20=EB=A7=A4=EC=A7=81=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=84=98=EB=B2=84=20=EC=83=81=EC=88=98=EB=A1=9C=20=EB=B6=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A6=AC?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
index d108269a..1056ffeb 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ export const createCars = (carNames) => {
 };
 
 export const runOneStep = (cars) => {
+  const MOVE_THRESHOLD = 4;
+  const MIN_RANDOM_VALUE = 0;
+  const MAX_RANDOM_VALUE = 9;
+
   cars.forEach((car) => {
-    if (Random.pickNumberInRange(0, 9) >= 4) {
+    if (Random.pickNumberInRange(MIN_RANDOM_VALUE, MAX_RANDOM_VALUE) >= MOVE_THRESHOLD) {
       car.move();
     }
   });

From 6c76a26aed72fb7f690147e746a69095e3ca30be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:25:02 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 22/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(validators):=20=EC=9E=90?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8F=99=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EC=B5=9C=EB=8C=80=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B8=B8=EC=9D=B4=EB=A5=BC=20=EC=83=81=EC=88=98=EB=A1=9C=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=B6=84=EB=A6=AC?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/utils/validators.js | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/utils/validators.js b/src/utils/validators.js
index 72c01800..ded496bd 100644
--- a/src/utils/validators.js
+++ b/src/utils/validators.js
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
 
 export function validateNameLength(carName) {
-  if (carName.length > 5) {
+  const MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH = 5;
+
+  if (carName.length > MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH) {
     throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
   }
   if (carName.length === 0) {

From 6e8eb9a118de7eaef359817b2b70401da037b7a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 07:29:22 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 23/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(raceUtils):=20splitNames?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A5=BC=20carNameList=EB=A1=9C=20=EB=B3=80=EC=88=98=EB=AA=85?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EC=88=98=EC=A0=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
index 1056ffeb..a7087077 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import Car from '../../domains/Car.js';
 import { validateNameDuplication } from '../../utils/validators.js';
 
 export const createCars = (carNames) => {
-  const splitNames = carNames.split(',');
-  validateNameDuplication(splitNames);
-  return splitNames.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
+  const carNameList = carNames.split(',');
+  validateNameDuplication(carNameList);
+  return carNameList.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
 };
 
 export const runOneStep = (cars) => {

From 92fe804196c51e7c1d27fe9858f027b1842e9a4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 04:11:37 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 24/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(constants):=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EA=B4=80=EB=A0=A8=20=EC=97=90=EB=9F=AC=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=A9=94=EC=8B=9C=EC=A7=80=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/constants/errorMessages.js | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/constants/errorMessages.js b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
index e78f0a61..e037fbd4 100644
--- a/src/constants/errorMessages.js
+++ b/src/constants/errorMessages.js
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ const ERROR_MESSAGES = Object.freeze({
   NAME_EMPTY: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름을 입력해야 합니다.`,
   NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 쉼표로 구분된 올바른 형식으로 입력해야 합니다.`,
   NAME_DUPLICATED: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 자동차 이름은 중복될 수 없습니다.`,
+  ATTEMPT_COUNT_EMPTY: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수를 입력해야 합니다.`,
   ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 숫자만 입력해야 합니다.`,
   ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 0보다 커야 합니다.`,
+  ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_INTEGER: `${ERROR_PREFIX} 시도 횟수는 정수로 입력해야 합니다.`,
 });
 
 export default ERROR_MESSAGES;

From a75190fc374399423b3c0a3f1b55d6d972afe02b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 04:13:36 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 25/40] =?UTF-8?q?feat(validators):=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D=20=EB=A1=9C=EC=A7=81=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B0=95=ED=99=94?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 빈 문자열 입력 시 예외 추가
- validatePositiveNumber를 validatePositiveInteger로 변경
- 정수 여부 검사 로직 및 관련 에러 메시지 추가
---
 src/utils/validators.js | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/utils/validators.js b/src/utils/validators.js
index ded496bd..53b90488 100644
--- a/src/utils/validators.js
+++ b/src/utils/validators.js
@@ -26,13 +26,19 @@ export function validateNameDuplication(carNames) {
 }
 
 export function validateNumericValue(attemptInput) {
+  if (attemptInput === '') {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_EMPTY);
+  }
   if (isNaN(attemptInput)) {
     throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC);
   }
 }
 
-export function validatePositiveNumber(number) {
+export function validatePositiveInteger(number) {
   if (number <= 0) {
     throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
   }
+  if (!Number.isInteger(number)) {
+    throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_INTEGER);
+  }
 }

From 351903725109b108e03ead21b5844fd9b4a49ca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 04:14:45 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 26/40] =?UTF-8?q?fix(RaceSimulator):=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D=20=ED=95=A8=EC=88=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EA=B5=90=EC=B2=B4?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/RaceSimulator.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
index 22579ff9..8e7a1904 100644
--- a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createCars, runOneStep } from './utils/raceUtils.js';
-import { validatePositiveNumber } from '../utils/validators.js';
+import { validatePositiveInteger } from '../utils/validators.js';
 
 class RaceSimulator {
   #cars;
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class RaceSimulator {
 
   constructor(carNames, attemptCount) {
     this.#cars = createCars(carNames);
-    validatePositiveNumber(attemptCount);
+    validatePositiveInteger(attemptCount);
     this.#remainingAttempts = attemptCount;
   }
 

From c1355edbcebe5b12069e7103f59c12be8dc6cc59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 04:48:25 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 27/40] =?UTF-8?q?fix(RaceController):=20=EC=8B=9C=EB=8F=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=ED=9A=9F=EC=88=98=20=EB=AC=B8=EC=9E=90=EC=97=B4=EC=9D=84=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?Number=EB=A1=9C=20=EB=B3=80=ED=99=98=20=ED=9B=84=20=EC=A0=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=AC?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/controllers/RaceController.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/controllers/RaceController.js b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
index 21e89039..6ea26fec 100644
--- a/src/controllers/RaceController.js
+++ b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class RaceController {
     validateNameListFormat(carNames);
     const attemptCount = await this.#readAttemptCount();
     validateNumericValue(attemptCount);
-    this.#runRace(carNames, attemptCount);
+    this.#runRace(carNames, Number(attemptCount));
   }
 
   async #readCarNames() {

From 9af4068d8e5674ad5f6b53649de8231c82f29dce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 04:57:01 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 28/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(raceUtils):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=B0=A8=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=A6=84=20=EA=B3=B5=EB=B0=B1=20=EC=A0=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B1=B0=20=EB=B0=8F=20=EC=A4=91=EB=B3=B5=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EC=88=9C=EC=84=9C=20=EB=B3=80=EA=B2=BD?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- carNames.split(,) 후 각 이름의 앞뒤 공백 제거
- validateNameDuplication 적용 전 공백 제거된 리스트 사용
---
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
index a7087077..d51be9fc 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import Car from '../../domains/Car.js';
 import { validateNameDuplication } from '../../utils/validators.js';
 
 export const createCars = (carNames) => {
-  const carNameList = carNames.split(',');
+  const carNameList = carNames.split(',').map((name) => name.trim());
   validateNameDuplication(carNameList);
-  return carNameList.map((name) => new Car(name.trim()));
+  return carNameList.map((name) => new Car(name));
 };
 
 export const runOneStep = (cars) => {

From a242ccfdc8e40e82dff648b17cb44196891733c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 05:08:10 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 29/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(Car,=20RaceSimulator):=20#distan?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ce=EB=A5=BC=20#position=EC=9C=BC=EB=A1=9C=20=ED=95=84=EB=93=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=AA=85=20=EC=88=98=EC=A0=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- Car 클래스 내부 필드 #distance를 #position으로 수정
- 관련 메서드 getDistance를 getPosition으로 수정
- RaceSimulator에서 getDistance에서 getPosition으로 업데이트
---
 src/domains/Car.js          | 10 +++++-----
 src/models/RaceSimulator.js |  6 +++---
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/domains/Car.js b/src/domains/Car.js
index 97a8f198..eefc66e4 100644
--- a/src/domains/Car.js
+++ b/src/domains/Car.js
@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@ import { validateNameLength } from '../utils/validators.js';
 
 class Car {
   #name;
-  #distance;
+  #position;
 
   constructor(name) {
     validateNameLength(name);
     this.#name = name;
-    this.#distance = 0;
+    this.#position = 0;
   }
 
   move() {
-    this.#distance += 1;
+    this.#position += 1;
   }
 
   getName() {
     return this.#name;
   }
 
-  getDistance() {
-    return this.#distance;
+  getPosition() {
+    return this.#position;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
index 8e7a1904..631e94db 100644
--- a/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class RaceSimulator {
   }
 
   #getCurrentPositions() {
-    return this.#cars.map((car) => [car.getName(), car.getDistance()]);
+    return this.#cars.map((car) => [car.getName(), car.getPosition()]);
   }
 
   executeStep() {
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class RaceSimulator {
   }
 
   getRaceWinners() {
-    const maxDistance = Math.max(...this.#cars.map((car) => car.getDistance()));
+    const maxDistance = Math.max(...this.#cars.map((car) => car.getPosition()));
     return this.#cars
-      .filter((car) => car.getDistance() === maxDistance)
+      .filter((car) => car.getPosition() === maxDistance)
       .map((car) => car.getName());
   }
 }

From 0ccd23d91e6a5ef9cbcfdb982ac5330f0a28c66f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 05:23:37 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 30/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(RaceController):=20=EB=B6=88?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=95=84=EC=9A=94=ED=95=9C=20await=20=EC=A0=9C=EA=B1=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- readString 호출 시 return await 대신 바로 Promise를 반환하도록 수정
---
 src/controllers/RaceController.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/controllers/RaceController.js b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
index 6ea26fec..8ecedc3c 100644
--- a/src/controllers/RaceController.js
+++ b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ class RaceController {
   }
 
   async #readCarNames() {
-    return await this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.CAR_NAMES_INPUT);
+    return this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.CAR_NAMES_INPUT);
   }
 
   async #readAttemptCount() {
-    return await this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_INPUT);
+    return this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_INPUT);
   }
 
   #runRace(carNames, attemptCount) {

From dd4e12a3910abda675e8f9a25ccee280223a0086 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 08:59:45 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 31/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(Car):=20Car=20=ED=81=B4=EB=9E=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=8A=A4=20=EB=8B=A8=EC=9C=84=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9E=91=EC=84=B1?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/domains/Car.test.js | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/domains/Car.test.js

diff --git a/src/domains/Car.test.js b/src/domains/Car.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e862a28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/domains/Car.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import Car from './Car.js';
+import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
+
+describe('Car', () => {
+  describe('생성자', () => {
+    test('유효한 입력이 주어지면 Car 인스턴스를 생성한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new Car('pobi')).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    test('이름이 6자 이상이면 예외가 발생한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new Car('longname')).toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
+    });
+
+    test('이름이 비어 있으면 예외가 발생한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new Car('')).toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_EMPTY);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('move 메서드', () => {
+    test('move 호출 시 위치가 1 증가한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const car = new Car('pobi');
+
+      // Act
+      car.move();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(car.getPosition()).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getName 메서드', () => {
+    test('자동차의 이름을 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const car = new Car('pobi');
+
+      // Act
+      const name = car.getName();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(name).toBe('pobi');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getDistance 메서드', () => {
+    test('자동차의 현재 위치를 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const car = new Car('pobi');
+
+      // Act
+      const position = car.getPosition();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(position).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+});

From d04b9c2eaf23b9ce6eb4f925ad85c1c502789e59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 09:01:49 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 32/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(raceUtils):=20raceUtils=20=EB=8B=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9C=84=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8=20=EC=9E=91=EC=84=B1?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 80 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js

diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62015b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+import { createCars, runOneStep } from './raceUtils.js';
+import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../../constants/errorMessages.js';
+
+Random.pickNumberInRange = jest.fn();
+
+describe('raceUtils', () => {
+  describe('createCars', () => {
+    test('쉼표로 구분된 이름으로 자동차 배열을 생성한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const names = 'pobi,woni,jun';
+
+      // Act
+      const cars = createCars(names);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(cars).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(cars[0].getName()).toBe('pobi');
+      expect(cars[1].getName()).toBe('woni');
+      expect(cars[2].getName()).toBe('jun');
+    });
+
+    test('이름 앞뒤에 공백이 있는 경우 공백을 제거한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const names = ' pobi , woni , jun ';
+
+      // Act
+      const cars = createCars(names);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(cars[0].getName()).toBe('pobi');
+      expect(cars[1].getName()).toBe('woni');
+      expect(cars[2].getName()).toBe('jun');
+    });
+
+    test('중복된 이름이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', () => {
+      expect(() => createCars('pobi,woni,pobi')).toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
+      expect(() => createCars('pobi, woni, pobi')).toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('runOneStep', () => {
+    test('랜덤 값이 4 이상이면 자동차가 전진한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      const cars = createCars('pobi');
+
+      // Act
+      runOneStep(cars);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(cars[0].getPosition()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    test('랜덤 값이 4 미만이면 자동차가 전진하지 않는다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(3);
+      const cars = createCars('pobi');
+
+      // Act
+      runOneStep(cars);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(cars[0].getPosition()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    test('각 자동차의 전진 여부는 독립적으로 결정된다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValueOnce(4).mockReturnValueOnce(3);
+      const cars = createCars('pobi,woni');
+
+      // Act
+      runOneStep(cars);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(cars[0].getPosition()).toBe(1);
+      expect(cars[1].getPosition()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+});

From a93183e26aca88989b1b1933514bb1d54cd3c6b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 09:02:26 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 33/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(RaceSimulator):=20RaceSimulator=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=8B=A8=EC=9C=84=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8=20=EC=9E=91?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=84=B1?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 126 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js

diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25329624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+import RaceSimulator from './RaceSimulator.js';
+import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
+
+Random.pickNumberInRange = jest.fn();
+
+describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    Random.pickNumberInRange.mockClear();
+  });
+
+  describe('생성자', () => {
+    test('유효한 입력이 주어지면 RaceSimulator 인스턴스를 생성한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 5)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    test('시도 횟수가 양수가 아니면 예외가 발생한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 0)).toThrow(
+        ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE
+      );
+      expect(() => new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', -1)).toThrow(
+        ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('시도 횟수가 정수가 아니면 예외가 발생한다', () => {
+      expect(() => new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 1.1)).toThrow(
+        ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_INTEGER
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('executeStep 메서드', () => {
+    test('한 스텝 실행 후 각 자동차의 이름과 위치를 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 5);
+
+      // Act
+      const result = simulator.executeStep();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(result).toEqual([
+        ['pobi', 1],
+        ['woni', 1],
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    test('스텝 실행 시 남은 시도 횟수가 감소한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
+
+      // Assert: 초기 상태
+      expect(simulator.hasRemainingAttempts()).toBe(true);
+
+      // Act & Assert: 1회 실행 후
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      expect(simulator.hasRemainingAttempts()).toBe(true);
+
+      // Act & Assert: 2회 실행 후
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      expect(simulator.hasRemainingAttempts()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasRemainingAttempts 메서드', () => {
+    test('남은 시도 횟수가 있으면 true를 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 5);
+
+      // Act
+      const result = simulator.hasRemainingAttempts();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test('남은 시도 횟수가 없으면 false를 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 1);
+
+      // Act
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      const result = simulator.hasRemainingAttempts();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRaceWinners 메서드', () => {
+    test('가장 멀리 간 자동차의 이름을 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(4)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(3)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(4)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(4);
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
+
+      // Act
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      const winners = simulator.getRaceWinners();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(winners).toEqual(['pobi']);
+    });
+
+    test('동률이면 모든 우승자를 반환한다', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
+
+      // Act
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      simulator.executeStep();
+      const winners = simulator.getRaceWinners();
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(winners).toEqual(['pobi', 'woni']);
+    });
+  });
+});

From 930736051b30b8ed1e09e37af53c3fcadc2710ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 18:06:00 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 34/40] =?UTF-8?q?chore(constants):=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=8A=B8=EC=9A=A9=20=EC=84=A4=EC=A0=95=20=EC=83=81=EC=88=98=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A0=95=EC=9D=98?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 자동차 이동 조건을 테스트하기 위한 상수 추가
---
 src/constants/testConfig.js | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/constants/testConfig.js

diff --git a/src/constants/testConfig.js b/src/constants/testConfig.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..407abe6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/constants/testConfig.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+const TEST_CONFIG = Object.freeze({
+  MOVING_FORWARD: 4,
+  STOP: 3,
+});
+
+export default TEST_CONFIG;

From 4f58fa0d56a627c2a87492900992c2c67596ecd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 18:07:42 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 35/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(models):=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=8A=B8=20=ED=8C=8C=EC=9D=BC=20=EB=82=B4=20=EB=A7=A4=EC=A7=81?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EB=84=98=EB=B2=84=EB=A5=BC=20TEST=5FCONFIG=20=EC=83=81?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=88=98=EB=A1=9C=20=EB=8C=80=EC=B2=B4?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js   | 17 +++++++++--------
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js |  9 ++++++---
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js b/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js
index 25329624..ea422db7 100644
--- a/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js
+++ b/src/models/RaceSimulator.test.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
 import RaceSimulator from './RaceSimulator.js';
+import TEST_CONFIG from '../constants/testConfig.js';
 import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
 
 Random.pickNumberInRange = jest.fn();
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
   describe('executeStep 메서드', () => {
     test('한 스텝 실행 후 각 자동차의 이름과 위치를 반환한다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 5);
 
       // Act
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
 
     test('스텝 실행 시 남은 시도 횟수가 감소한다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
 
       // Assert: 초기 상태
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
 
     test('남은 시도 횟수가 없으면 false를 반환한다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 1);
 
       // Act
@@ -94,10 +95,10 @@ describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
     test('가장 멀리 간 자동차의 이름을 반환한다', () => {
       // Arrange
       Random.pickNumberInRange
-        .mockReturnValueOnce(4)
-        .mockReturnValueOnce(3)
-        .mockReturnValueOnce(4)
-        .mockReturnValueOnce(4);
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.STOP)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
 
       // Act
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ describe('RaceSimulator', () => {
 
     test('동률이면 모든 우승자를 반환한다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const simulator = new RaceSimulator('pobi,woni', 2);
 
       // Act
diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js
index 62015b66..fb4f56b3 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.test.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
 import { createCars, runOneStep } from './raceUtils.js';
+import TEST_CONFIG from '../../constants/testConfig.js';
 import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../../constants/errorMessages.js';
 
 Random.pickNumberInRange = jest.fn();
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ describe('raceUtils', () => {
   describe('runOneStep', () => {
     test('랜덤 값이 4 이상이면 자동차가 전진한다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(4);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD);
       const cars = createCars('pobi');
 
       // Act
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ describe('raceUtils', () => {
 
     test('랜덤 값이 4 미만이면 자동차가 전진하지 않는다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(3);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValue(TEST_CONFIG.STOP);
       const cars = createCars('pobi');
 
       // Act
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ describe('raceUtils', () => {
 
     test('각 자동차의 전진 여부는 독립적으로 결정된다', () => {
       // Arrange
-      Random.pickNumberInRange.mockReturnValueOnce(4).mockReturnValueOnce(3);
+      Random.pickNumberInRange
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD)
+        .mockReturnValueOnce(TEST_CONFIG.STOP);
       const cars = createCars('pobi,woni');
 
       // Act

From 1ad10fd81ec0333c853c329d1fd2f08b6c146024 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 18:11:24 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 36/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(App):=20=EC=9E=90=EB=8F=99=EC=B0=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EA=B2=BD=EC=A3=BC=20=EC=A0=84=EC=B2=B4=20=ED=9D=90=EB=A6=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=84=20=EA=B2=80=EC=A6=9D=ED=95=98=EB=8A=94=20=ED=86=B5?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=95=A9=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8=20=EC=B6=94=EA=B0=80?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- App 실행 흐름을 사용자 입력 및 랜덤값을 모킹하여 검증
- 단독/공동 우승 시나리오, 이름 공백 제거, 유효성 검사 케이스 포함
---
 __tests__/ApplicationTest.js | 106 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js b/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
index 0260e7e8..806466c3 100644
--- a/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
+++ b/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-import App from "../src/App.js";
-import { MissionUtils } from "@woowacourse/mission-utils";
+import { MissionUtils } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
+import App from '../src/App.js';
+import TEST_CONFIG from '../src/constants/testConfig.js';
+import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../src/constants/errorMessages.js';
 
 const mockQuestions = (inputs) => {
   MissionUtils.Console.readLineAsync = jest.fn();
@@ -19,22 +21,44 @@ const mockRandoms = (numbers) => {
 };
 
 const getLogSpy = () => {
-  const logSpy = jest.spyOn(MissionUtils.Console, "print");
+  const logSpy = jest.spyOn(MissionUtils.Console, 'print');
   logSpy.mockClear();
   return logSpy;
 };
 
-describe("자동차 경주", () => {
-  test("기능 테스트", async () => {
+describe('자동차 경주 통합 테스트', () => {
+  test('우승자가 한 명인 경우 단독 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
     // given
-    const MOVING_FORWARD = 4;
-    const STOP = 3;
-    const inputs = ["pobi,woni", "1"];
-    const logs = ["pobi : -", "woni : ", "최종 우승자 : pobi"];
+    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '1'];
+    const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : ', '최종 우승자 : pobi'];
     const logSpy = getLogSpy();
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    mockRandoms([TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.STOP]);
+
+    // when
+    const app = new App();
+    await app.run();
+
+    // then
+    logs.forEach((log) => {
+      expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+    });
+  });
 
+  test('우승자가 여러 명인 경우 모든 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,woni,jun', '2'];
+    const logs = ['pobi : --', 'woni : --', 'jun : -', '최종 우승자 : pobi, woni'];
+    const logSpy = getLogSpy();
     mockQuestions(inputs);
-    mockRandoms([MOVING_FORWARD, STOP]);
+    mockRandoms([
+      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+      TEST_CONFIG.STOP,
+    ]);
 
     // when
     const app = new App();
@@ -46,15 +70,71 @@ describe("자동차 경주", () => {
     });
   });
 
-  test("예외 테스트", async () => {
+  test('자동차 이름 앞뒤의 공백을 제거하고 경주를 진행한다', async () => {
     // given
-    const inputs = ["pobi,javaji"];
+    const inputs = [' pobi , woni ', '1'];
+    const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : -'];
+    const logSpy = getLogSpy();
     mockQuestions(inputs);
+    mockRandoms([TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD]);
 
     // when
     const app = new App();
+    await app.run();
 
     // then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow("[ERROR]");
+    logs.forEach((log) => {
+      expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('자동차 이름이 5자를 초과하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,javaji', '1'];
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    const app = new App();
+
+    // when & then
+    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
+  });
+
+  test('중복된 자동차 이름이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,woni,pobi', '1'];
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    const app = new App();
+
+    // when & then
+    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
+  });
+
+  test('자동차 이름에 빈 값이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,,woni', '1'];
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    const app = new App();
+
+    // when & then
+    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID);
+  });
+
+  test('시도 횟수가 숫자가 아닌 문자열이면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', 'abc'];
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    const app = new App();
+
+    // when & then
+    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC);
+  });
+
+  test('시도 횟수가 0이하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+    // given
+    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '0'];
+    mockQuestions(inputs);
+    const app = new App();
+
+    // when & then
+    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
   });
 });

From ee782ff988d30a437d53d027241cc42f96eaf00b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 18:30:43 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 37/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(App):=20=ED=86=B5=ED=95=A9=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8=20=EA=B5=AC=EC=A1=B0=20=EB=A6=AC?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=ED=8C=A9=ED=84=B0=EB=A7=81?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- App 실행 흐름의 중복을 runApp으로 통합
- 로그 검증 로직을 expectLogsContain으로 분리
- 정상 동작과 예외 케이스 구성을 분리
---
 __tests__/ApplicationTest.js | 180 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js b/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
index 806466c3..b320a358 100644
--- a/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
+++ b/__tests__/ApplicationTest.js
@@ -26,115 +26,109 @@ const getLogSpy = () => {
   return logSpy;
 };
 
+const runApp = async (inputs, randoms = []) => {
+  mockQuestions(inputs);
+  if (randoms.length > 0) {
+    mockRandoms(randoms);
+  }
+  const app = new App();
+  await app.run();
+};
+
+const expectLogsContain = (logSpy, logs) => {
+  logs.forEach((log) => {
+    expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+  });
+};
+
 describe('자동차 경주 통합 테스트', () => {
-  test('우승자가 한 명인 경우 단독 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '1'];
-    const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : ', '최종 우승자 : pobi'];
-    const logSpy = getLogSpy();
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    mockRandoms([TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.STOP]);
-
-    // when
-    const app = new App();
-    await app.run();
-
-    // then
-    logs.forEach((log) => {
-      expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+  describe('정상 동작 시나리오', () => {
+    test('우승자가 한 명인 경우 단독 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '1'];
+      const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : ', '최종 우승자 : pobi'];
+      const logSpy = getLogSpy();
+
+      // when
+      await runApp(inputs, [TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.STOP]);
+
+      // then
+      expectLogsContain(logSpy, logs);
     });
-  });
 
-  test('우승자가 여러 명인 경우 모든 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,woni,jun', '2'];
-    const logs = ['pobi : --', 'woni : --', 'jun : -', '최종 우승자 : pobi, woni'];
-    const logSpy = getLogSpy();
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    mockRandoms([
-      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
-      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
-      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
-      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
-      TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
-      TEST_CONFIG.STOP,
-    ]);
-
-    // when
-    const app = new App();
-    await app.run();
-
-    // then
-    logs.forEach((log) => {
-      expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+    test('우승자가 여러 명인 경우 모든 우승자를 출력한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,woni,jun', '2'];
+      const logs = ['pobi : --', 'woni : --', 'jun : -', '최종 우승자 : pobi, woni'];
+      const logSpy = getLogSpy();
+
+      // when
+      await runApp(inputs, [
+        TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+        TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+        TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+        TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+        TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD,
+        TEST_CONFIG.STOP,
+      ]);
+
+      // then
+      expectLogsContain(logSpy, logs);
     });
-  });
 
-  test('자동차 이름 앞뒤의 공백을 제거하고 경주를 진행한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = [' pobi , woni ', '1'];
-    const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : -'];
-    const logSpy = getLogSpy();
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    mockRandoms([TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD]);
-
-    // when
-    const app = new App();
-    await app.run();
-
-    // then
-    logs.forEach((log) => {
-      expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log));
+    test('자동차 이름 앞뒤의 공백을 제거하고 경주를 진행한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = [' pobi , woni ', '1'];
+      const logs = ['pobi : -', 'woni : -'];
+      const logSpy = getLogSpy();
+
+      // when
+      await runApp(inputs, [TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD, TEST_CONFIG.MOVING_FORWARD]);
+
+      // then
+      expectLogsContain(logSpy, logs);
     });
   });
 
-  test('자동차 이름이 5자를 초과하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,javaji', '1'];
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    const app = new App();
+  describe('유효성 검사 예외 케이스', () => {
+    test('자동차 이름이 5자를 초과하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,javaji', '1'];
 
-    // when & then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
-  });
+      // when & then
+      await expect(runApp(inputs)).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
+    });
 
-  test('중복된 자동차 이름이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,woni,pobi', '1'];
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    const app = new App();
+    test('중복된 자동차 이름이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,woni,pobi', '1'];
 
-    // when & then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
-  });
+      // when & then
+      await expect(runApp(inputs)).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_DUPLICATED);
+    });
 
-  test('자동차 이름에 빈 값이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,,woni', '1'];
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    const app = new App();
+    test('자동차 이름에 빈 값이 있으면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,,woni', '1'];
 
-    // when & then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID);
-  });
+      // when & then
+      await expect(runApp(inputs)).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_LIST_FORMAT_INVALID);
+    });
 
-  test('시도 횟수가 숫자가 아닌 문자열이면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', 'abc'];
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    const app = new App();
+    test('시도 횟수가 숫자가 아닌 문자열이면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,woni', 'abc'];
 
-    // when & then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC);
-  });
+      // when & then
+      await expect(runApp(inputs)).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NON_NUMERIC);
+    });
 
-  test('시도 횟수가 0이하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
-    // given
-    const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '0'];
-    mockQuestions(inputs);
-    const app = new App();
+    test('시도 횟수가 0이하면 예외가 발생한다', async () => {
+      // given
+      const inputs = ['pobi,woni', '0'];
 
-    // when & then
-    await expect(app.run()).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
+      // when & then
+      await expect(runApp(inputs)).rejects.toThrow(ERROR_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
+    });
   });
 });

From efd907326fff7e2599a4981f5e7e3a1d1efd9f14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 26 Oct 2025 16:06:05 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 38/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(RaceController):=20=EA=B2=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=A3=BC=20=EC=8B=A4=ED=96=89=20=ED=9D=90=EB=A6=84=20=EB=A9=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=84=9C=EB=93=9C=20=EB=B6=84=EB=A6=AC?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 경주 단계 출력 로직을 #printRaceProgress로 분리
- 최종 결과 출력을 #printFinalResults로 분리
- #runRace는 실행 흐름을 관리하는 역할만 수행하도록 단순화
---
 src/controllers/RaceController.js | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/controllers/RaceController.js b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
index 8ecedc3c..d7a4e9d6 100644
--- a/src/controllers/RaceController.js
+++ b/src/controllers/RaceController.js
@@ -29,15 +29,23 @@ class RaceController {
     return this.#inputView.readString(PROMPT_MESSAGES.ATTEMPT_COUNT_INPUT);
   }
 
-  #runRace(carNames, attemptCount) {
-    const simulator = new RaceSimulator(carNames, attemptCount);
+  #printRaceProgress(simulator) {
     this.#outputView.printResultHeader();
     while (simulator.hasRemainingAttempts()) {
       const positions = simulator.executeStep();
       this.#outputView.printStepResult(positions);
     }
+  }
+
+  #printFinalResults(simulator) {
     this.#outputView.printWinners(simulator.getRaceWinners());
   }
+
+  #runRace(carNames, attemptCount) {
+    const simulator = new RaceSimulator(carNames, attemptCount);
+    this.#printRaceProgress(simulator);
+    this.#printFinalResults(simulator);
+  }
 }
 
 export default RaceController;

From 91fb602f3e236f5d7f62a0561fc8fd4bb58c6928 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 26 Oct 2025 16:07:17 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 39/40] =?UTF-8?q?test(Car):=20=EB=A9=94=EC=84=9C=EB=93=9C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EB=AA=85=20=EB=B3=80=EA=B2=BD=EC=97=90=20=EB=94=B0=EB=A5=B8=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?describe=20=EC=88=98=EC=A0=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 테스트 메서드명을 getDistance에서 getPosition으로 수정
---
 src/domains/Car.test.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/domains/Car.test.js b/src/domains/Car.test.js
index e862a28f..99aaec46 100644
--- a/src/domains/Car.test.js
+++ b/src/domains/Car.test.js
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe('Car', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('getDistance 메서드', () => {
+  describe('getPosition 메서드', () => {
     test('자동차의 현재 위치를 반환한다', () => {
       // Arrange
       const car = new Car('pobi');

From 9470f372ac7f821c27542b5b6b7bb1d4570ac259 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: itwillbeoptimal <itwillbeoptimal@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 26 Oct 2025 16:10:47 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 40/40] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(constants):=20=EA=B2=BD=EC=A3=BC?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=EA=B4=80=EB=A0=A8=20=EC=83=81=EC=88=98=20=EB=B6=84=EB=A6=AC?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- RACE_CONFIG 상수 파일을 추가하여 경주 규칙 관련 상수를 중앙 관리
- raceUtils, validators에서 상수 정의 제거 및 RACE_CONFIG를 참조하도록 수정
---
 src/constants/raceConfig.js   |  8 ++++++++
 src/models/utils/raceUtils.js | 10 +++++-----
 src/utils/validators.js       |  5 ++---
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/constants/raceConfig.js

diff --git a/src/constants/raceConfig.js b/src/constants/raceConfig.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08de576b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/constants/raceConfig.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+const RACE_CONFIG = Object.freeze({
+  MOVE_THRESHOLD: 4,
+  MIN_RANDOM_VALUE: 0,
+  MAX_RANDOM_VALUE: 9,
+  MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH: 5,
+});
+
+export default RACE_CONFIG;
diff --git a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
index d51be9fc..daba6766 100644
--- a/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
+++ b/src/models/utils/raceUtils.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Random } from '@woowacourse/mission-utils';
 import Car from '../../domains/Car.js';
 import { validateNameDuplication } from '../../utils/validators.js';
+import RACE_CONFIG from '../../constants/raceConfig.js';
 
 export const createCars = (carNames) => {
   const carNameList = carNames.split(',').map((name) => name.trim());
@@ -9,12 +10,11 @@ export const createCars = (carNames) => {
 };
 
 export const runOneStep = (cars) => {
-  const MOVE_THRESHOLD = 4;
-  const MIN_RANDOM_VALUE = 0;
-  const MAX_RANDOM_VALUE = 9;
-
   cars.forEach((car) => {
-    if (Random.pickNumberInRange(MIN_RANDOM_VALUE, MAX_RANDOM_VALUE) >= MOVE_THRESHOLD) {
+    if (
+      Random.pickNumberInRange(RACE_CONFIG.MIN_RANDOM_VALUE, RACE_CONFIG.MAX_RANDOM_VALUE) >=
+      RACE_CONFIG.MOVE_THRESHOLD
+    ) {
       car.move();
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/utils/validators.js b/src/utils/validators.js
index 53b90488..e9a8952d 100644
--- a/src/utils/validators.js
+++ b/src/utils/validators.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import ERROR_MESSAGES from '../constants/errorMessages.js';
+import RACE_CONFIG from '../constants/raceConfig.js';
 
 export function validateNameLength(carName) {
-  const MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH = 5;
-
-  if (carName.length > MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH) {
+  if (carName.length > RACE_CONFIG.MAX_CAR_NAME_LENGTH) {
     throw new Error(ERROR_MESSAGES.NAME_TOO_LONG);
   }
   if (carName.length === 0) {