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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="Conway">
<meta name="description" content="Frequently asked questions.">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#777777">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#00aba9">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/yawnoc.min.css">
<title>FAQ | Conway's site</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul class="sideways">
<li>
<a href="/" title="Home page">Home</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#" title="Jump to top of this page">Top</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<h1>FAQ</h1>
<nav>
<ul class="sideways">
<li>
<a href="#general">General</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#translation">Translation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h2 id="general"><a href="#general" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>General</h2>
<h3 id="site"><a href="#site" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>How is this site built?</h3>
<p>
Using <a href="https://pages.github.com/">GitHub Pages</a>,
which is <b>simple</b>, <b>fast</b>, and most importantly <b>ad-free</b>.
I <a href="https://github.com/yawnoc/yawnoc.github.io/blob/master/.nojekyll">do not use Jekyll</a> or any plugins;
just straight HTML and CSS (with sparing JavaScript).
</p>
<p>
The pages are written in <a href="https://conwaymd.github.io/">Conway-Markdown (conwaymd, CMD)</a>,
and converted to HTML via my custom-written <a href="https://github.com/conwaymd/conwaymd">Python converter</a>.
For example, this page was generated
from the CMD file <a href="https://github.com/yawnoc/yawnoc.github.io/blob/master/faq.cmd"><code>faq.cmd</code></a>.
</p>
<p>
Unfortunately <a href="https://conway.github.io">conway.github.io</a> was already taken though (sob);
blame <a href="https://github.com/Conway">Jake Conway</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="domain">
<a href="#domain" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>Why don't you get yourself a custom domain
instead of the default yawnoc.github.io?</h3>
<p>
Firstly, I am poor, and secondly, even if I did buy a domain,
I can't keep it with me when I die.
On the other hand, the default subdomain
is as permanent as GitHub Pages itself.
</p>
<h3 id="death"><a href="#death" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>That's a bit macabre.</h3>
<p>
I do not fear death for my own sake.
I might die some time later today, or I may have many decades yet.
At the time of writing the latter is more probable. Fear changes nothing.
</p>
<h3 id="favicon"><a href="#favicon" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>How did you set up the site favicon?</h3>
<p>
Using <a href="https://realfavicongenerator.net/">RealFaviconGenerator</a>
by <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/19590415">Philippe Bernard</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="equations"><a href="#equations" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>How are equations rendered?</h3>
<p>
Using <a href="https://katex.org/">KaTeX</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="translation"><a href="#translation" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>Translation</h2>
<h3 id="brackets"><a href="#brackets" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>Why are there <span class="translator-supplied">[square-bracketed words]</span> in your translations?</h3>
<p>
These are words that I have supplied as translator,
which are absent in the original Chinese.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
"The" is considered present when referring to a general class
as opposed to a particular instance, e.g. "the poor".
</li>
<li>
"Of" is considered present
unless part an entire phrase absent in the original Chinese,
and is thought of as being provided by the word order in Chinese.
</li>
<li>
Prepositions and infinitive-marking "to"
are considered present when they follow a verb,
and are thought of as part of the verb in Chinese,
e.g. "laughed at", "wish to".
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="archaic"><a href="#archaic" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>Wherefore usest thou archaic verb conjugation?</h3>
<p>
This is stylistic, and in my view
accurately reflects the archaicness of Literary Chinese.
</p>
<p>
Also it sounds cooler.
Compare
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<q>This is what the LORD says</q>
(New International Version), plainly an alteration,
</li>
<li>
<q>Thus says the LORD</q>
(English Standard Version), too many S sounds, and
</li>
<li>
<q>Thus saith the LORD</q>
(King James Version), weighty and authoritative,
</li>
</ul>
<p>
for the Hebrew
<span lang="he" dir="rtl" class="no-wrapping">כה אמר יהוה</span>.
</p>
<h3 id="romanisation-untranslated">
<a href="#romanisation-untranslated" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>What weird romanisation system(s) are you using
for <span class="romanised-untranslated" title="titles will show original Chinese">untranslated words</span>?</h3>
<ol>
<li>
An <b>established romanisation</b> if one already exists,
e.g. <span class="romanised-untranslated" title="孔子">Confucius</span> for <span lang="zh-Hant">孔子</span> and <span class="romanised-untranslated" title="孟子">Mencius</span> for <span lang="zh-Hant">孟子</span>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise, the <b>romanisation which best suits the context</b>,
e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation">Hong Kong Government Romanisation</a> for someone from Hong Kong,
or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization">Postal Romanisation</a> for a twentieth-century text.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise, <b>Conway's Mock-Olden Romanisation</b>:
<ol type="i">
<li>
Write down the Wade–Giles romanisation.
</li>
<li>
Undo the dental-velar merger for initials:
<ul>
<li>
[t͡ɕ] (pinyin j) becomes <b>ts</b> or <b>k</b>
</li>
<li>
[t͡ɕʰ] (pinyin q) becomes <b>tsʻ</b> or <b>kʻ</b>
</li>
<li>
[ɕ] (pinyin x) becomes <b>s</b> or <b>h</b>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Undo the labial-alveolar merger for final nasals:
<ul>
<li>
[n] (pinyin n) becomes <b>m</b> or <b>n</b>.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Undo the loss of entering-tone stop consonants:
<ul>
<li>
Append <b>p</b>, <b>t</b>, or <b>k</b> as appropriate
</li>
</ul>
Then cleanup:
<ul>
<li>
‑aik becomes <b>‑ak</b>
</li>
<li>
‑aok becomes <b>‑ok</b>
</li>
<li>
‑eik becomes <b>‑ek</b>
</li>
<li>
‑êk becomes <b>‑ek</b>
</li>
<li>
‑êt becomes <b>‑iet</b>
</li>
<li>
‑iaok becomes <b>‑iok</b>
</li>
<li>
‑iehp becomes <b>‑iep</b>
</li>
<li>
‑ieht becomes <b>‑iet</b>
</li>
<li>
‑ihk becomes <b>‑ek</b>
</li>
<li>
‑ihp becomes <b>‑ip</b>
</li>
<li>
‑iht becomes <b>‑et</b>
</li>
<li>
‑üehk becomes <b>‑iok</b>
</li>
<li>
‑üeht becomes <b>‑üet</b>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Apply stylistic cleanup:
<ul>
<li>
‑i (non-diphthong) becomes <b>‑ee</b>
</li>
<li>
‑ui becomes <b>‑uei</b>
</li>
<li>
i becomes <b>yee</b>
</li>
<li>
i‑ becomes <b>yi‑</b>
</li>
<li>
j‑ becomes <b>r‑</b>
</li>
<li>
ku‑ becomes <b>kw‑</b>
</li>
<li>
yu becomes <b>yiu</b>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
If unsure when undoing mergers, consult a <a href="https://ytenx.org/">rime dictionary</a>.
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="romanisation-annotations">
<a href="#romanisation-annotations" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>What romanisation system(s) are you using
in the annotations (dot points) underneath the parallel text?</h3>
<ul>
<li>
For Cantonese: <a href="/cantonese/conway-romanisation">Conway romanisation</a>.
</li>
<li>
For Mandarin: pinyin.
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="this"><a href="#this" class="permalink" aria-label="Permalink"></a>Doesn't <span lang="zh-Hant">是</span> mean "is", and <span lang="zh-Hant">也</span> "also"?</h3>
<p>
Forget everything you learnt in Mandarin class; that is modern vernacular.
Welcome to pre-twentieth-century Chinese Literature,
in which <span lang="zh-Hant">是</span> primarily means "this",
and <span lang="zh-Hant">也</span> is primarily an ending speech-assist (<span lang="zh-Hant">語助</span>)
which asserts whatever precedes it.
</p>
<footer>
© 2019–2024 Conway.
<ul>
<li>
First created: 2019-08-01
</li>
<li>
Last modified: 2024-10-02
</li>
<li>
Compiled from <a href="https://github.com/yawnoc/yawnoc.github.io/blob/master/faq.cmd"><code>faq.cmd</code></a> with <a href="https://github.com/conwaymd/conwaymd/tree/v5.0.0">CMDv5.0.0</a>
</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</body>
</html>