diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 1d26f0fdf..9f43232ff 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     "require": {
         "php": "^8.0",
         "ext-json": "*",
+        "yiisoft/arrays": "^3.0",
         "yiisoft/db": "^1.1",
         "yiisoft/factory": "^1.0"
     },
diff --git a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
index 2177dd362..0be43e215 100644
--- a/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
+++ b/src/ActiveRecordInterface.php
@@ -502,6 +502,16 @@ public function populateRecord(array|object $row): void;
 
     /**
      * Serializes the active record into its array implementation with attribute name as a key, and it values as value.
+     *
+     * @param array $fields the fields that the output array should contain. Fields not specified
+     * in {@see fields()} will be ignored. If this parameter is empty, all fields as specified
+     * in {@see fields()} will be returned.
+     * @param array $expand the additional fields that the output array should contain.
+     * Fields not specified in {@see extraFields()} will be ignored. If this parameter is empty, no extra fields
+     * will be returned.
+     * @param bool $recursive Whether to recursively return array representation of embedded objects.
+     *
+     * @return array The array representation of the object.
      */
-    public function toArray(): array;
+    public function toArray(array $fields = [], array $expand = [], bool $recursive = true): array;
 }
diff --git a/src/BaseActiveRecord.php b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
index bdbdd4d1d..fc40a9c76 100644
--- a/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
+++ b/src/BaseActiveRecord.php
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 use IteratorAggregate;
 use ReflectionException;
 use Throwable;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayableInterface;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayableTrait;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayHelper;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Connection\ConnectionInterface;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
@@ -40,8 +43,9 @@
  * @template-implements ArrayAccess<int, mixed>
  * @template-implements IteratorAggregate<int>
  */
-abstract class BaseActiveRecord implements ActiveRecordInterface, IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess
+abstract class BaseActiveRecord implements ActiveRecordInterface, IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess, ArrayableInterface
 {
+    use ArrayableTrait;
     use BaseActiveRecordTrait;
 
     private array $attributes = [];
@@ -1266,19 +1270,28 @@ public function getTableName(): string
         return $this->tableName;
     }
 
-    public function toArray(): array
+    /**
+     * @inheritDoc
+     */
+    public function toArray(array $fields = [], array $expand = [], bool $recursive = true): array
     {
         $data = [];
 
-        foreach ($this->fields() as $key => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof Closure) {
-                /** @var mixed */
-                $data[$key] = $value($this);
-            } else {
-                /** @var mixed */
-                $data[$value] = $this[$value];
+        foreach ($this->resolveFields($fields, $expand) as $field => $definition) {
+            $attribute = $definition instanceof Closure ? $definition($this, $field) : $definition;
+
+            if ($recursive) {
+                $nestedFields = $this->extractFieldsFor($fields, $field);
+                $nestedExpand = $this->extractFieldsFor($expand, $field);
+                if ($attribute instanceof ArrayableInterface) {
+                    $attribute = $attribute->toArray($nestedFields, $nestedExpand);
+                } elseif (is_array($attribute) && ($nestedExpand || $nestedFields)) {
+                    $attribute = $this->filterAndExpand($attribute, $nestedFields, $nestedExpand);
+                }
             }
+            $data[$field] = $attribute;
         }
-        return $data;
+
+        return $recursive ? ArrayHelper::toArray($data) : $data;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 4d054d29e..6fb1bfc7a 100644
--- a/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Cat;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Customer;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerClosureField;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerForArrayable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerWithAlias;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Dog;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Item;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\OrderItemWithNullFK;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Type;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Support\Assert;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayHelper;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\Exception;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Exception\InvalidCallException;
@@ -763,4 +765,24 @@ public function testToArrayWithClosure(): void
             $customer->toArray(),
         );
     }
+
+    public function testToArrayForArrayable(): void
+    {
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db, 'customer', true);
+
+        $customerQuery = new ActiveQuery(CustomerForArrayable::class, $this->db);
+        $customer = $customerQuery->findOne(1);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            [
+                'id' => 1,
+                'email' => 'user1@example.com',
+                'name' => 'user1',
+                'address' => 'address1',
+                'status' => 'active',
+                'profile_id' => 1,
+            ],
+            ArrayHelper::toArray($customer),
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Driver/Oracle/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/Driver/Oracle/ActiveRecordTest.php
index dbad51704..14f6f24d4 100644
--- a/tests/Driver/Oracle/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/Driver/Oracle/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveQuery;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Driver\Oracle\Stubs\Customer;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerClosureField;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerForArrayable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Type;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Support\OracleHelper;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayHelper;
 
 final class ActiveRecordTest extends \Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\ActiveRecordTest
 {
@@ -166,4 +168,24 @@ public function testToArrayWithClosure(): void
             $customer->toArray(),
         );
     }
+
+    public function testToArrayForArrayable(): void
+    {
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db, 'customer', true);
+
+        $customerQuery = new ActiveQuery(CustomerForArrayable::class, $this->db);
+        $customer = $customerQuery->findOne(1);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            [
+                'id' => 1,
+                'email' => 'user1@example.com',
+                'name' => 'user1',
+                'address' => 'address1',
+                'status' => 'active',
+                'profile_id' => 1,
+            ],
+            ArrayHelper::toArray($customer),
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
index 3a91cbd76..f6357ad84 100644
--- a/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
+++ b/tests/Driver/Pgsql/ActiveRecordTest.php
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\BoolAR;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\Customer;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerClosureField;
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\CustomerForArrayable;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\DefaultPk;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord\UserAR;
 use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Support\PgsqlHelper;
+use Yiisoft\Arrays\ArrayHelper;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Expression\ArrayExpression;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Expression\Expression;
 use Yiisoft\Db\Expression\JsonExpression;
@@ -381,4 +383,24 @@ public function testToArrayWithClosure(): void
             $customer->toArray(),
         );
     }
+
+    public function testToArrayForArrayable(): void
+    {
+        $this->checkFixture($this->db, 'customer', true);
+
+        $customerQuery = new ActiveQuery(CustomerForArrayable::class, $this->db);
+        $customer = $customerQuery->findOne(1);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            [
+                'id' => 1,
+                'email' => 'user1@example.com',
+                'name' => 'user1',
+                'address' => 'address1',
+                'status' => 'active',
+                'profile_id' => 1,
+            ],
+            ArrayHelper::toArray($customer),
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70bd1662b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Stubs/ActiveRecord/CustomerForArrayable.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\Tests\Stubs\ActiveRecord;
+
+use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveRecord;
+
+/**
+ * Class CustomerClosureField.
+ *
+ * @property int $id
+ * @property string $name
+ * @property string $email
+ * @property string $address
+ * @property int $status
+ */
+class CustomerForArrayable extends ActiveRecord
+{
+    public function getTableName(): string
+    {
+        return 'customer';
+    }
+
+    public function toArray(array $fields = [], array $expand = [], bool $recursive = true): array
+    {
+        $data = parent::toArray($fields, $expand, $recursive);
+
+        $data['status'] = $this->status == 1 ? 'active' : 'inactive';
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file