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Learning How To Read(en-ko).xliff
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><xliff version="1.2" xmlns:sc="SmartcatXliff" xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2"><file datatype="plaintext" date="2023-03-02T09:23:28.2980996Z" original="a2995d73d3b7e3e5337e4a81_1042" source-language="en" target-language="ko"><header><tool tool-name="Smartcat.ai" tool-id="40c7d5b2-da26-4b36-84f1-8305b3aadb03" tool-version="1.0.2.0" /></header><body><trans-unit id="63" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-02-23T04:08:15.507Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve"># Learning How to Read</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve"># 어떻게 읽을 것인가</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="64" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T03:40:23.565Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">## Niklas Luhmann</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">## 니클라스 루만(Niklas Luhmann)</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="65" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:57:25.216Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Modern Society produces many very different kinds of texts, which require very different kinds of reading.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve" state-qualifier="leveraged-mt">현대 사회가 만들어내는 다양한 종류의 수많은 텍스트는 서로 다른 종류의 독서 방법을 필요로 한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="66" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:27:59.46Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">In some sense, the reading of one kind of text spoils the reader for reading of other kinds of text.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve" state-qualifier="leveraged-mt">때로 특정한 종류의 글에 특화된 독서 습관이 다른 유형의 독서를 방해하기도 한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="67" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:57:46.227Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Since this has to do with mostly unconscious and habitual routines, such specializations are difficult to correct.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">글읽기는 거의 무의식적으로 굳어진 습관과 관련된 탓에 이런 특성화를 바로잡기는 쉽지 않다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="68" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:44:20.271Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">It is advisable to differentiate between poetic, narrative, and theoretical (_wissenschaftliche_) texts.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">바로 학문적(_wissenschaftliche_) 글과 시, 이야기를 구분하도록 권장하는 이유다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="69" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:58:09.135Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">In what follows I will talk mainly about theoretical texts, but their characteristic features are best explicated by clarifying first why and how they must be read differently from poems and novels.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">아래에서 주로 다루게 될 학문적 글의 고유한 특징을 가장 잘 설명하는 방법은 우선 시나 소설과 차별화된 독서 방법이 필요한 이유와 방법을 분명히 하는 일이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="70" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:29:10.433Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The existence of an independent type of fictional texts is the result of a long historical process of habituation, which lasted from the seventeenth until the late eighteenth century.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">독자적 형식으로 존재하는 허구적 글은 17세기에서 18세기 후반까지 지속된 역사적 과정의 결과물이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="71" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:02:40.236Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">It was characterized by the difficulty of differentiating between real reality and fictional reality. (Novels first present themselves as letters or notes that have been found, in order to convince the reader of their authenticity.) In narrative texts, the unity of the text is the result of a tension; it results from ignorance of the future which the reader is constantly \[made\] aware of; but it is also the result of a backward movement since, as Jean Paul noted, the resolution of the tension depends on the fact that the reader must be able to recur to parts of the text he has already read.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그 특징은 허구적 사실과 실제 사실을 구분하는데 따르는 어려움이다. (진짜라는 독자들의 확신을 얻기 위해 소설은 스스로를 어디선가 발견한 편지나 메모라고 제시한다) 이야기의 통일성은 긴장에서 비롯된다. 이는 미래를 알 수 없다는 사실을 독자가 끊임없이 떠올리(도록 만들)기에 가능하다. 하지만 장 폴(Jean Paul)이 말하는 또 다른 원인은 '되돌아보기(rückwärtsgerichtet)'인데, 갈등의 해소가 이미 읽은 부분으로 되돌아 갈 수 있어야만 한다는 사실에 의존하기 때문이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="72" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:27:47.82Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The reader is confronted, as it were, with the paradox of knowing what he does not yet know.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">독자가 마주하는 역설은 자신이 아직 모른다는 사실을 알고 있다는 점이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="73" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:02:55.359Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The story develops not only in the temporal dimension of its actions, it is also qua text structured by time insofar as it operates on the distinction “already read” versus “not yet read.”</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이야기의 전개는 행위의 시간적 차원에 머물지 않는다. '읽은 부분'과 '아직 읽지 않은 부분'이 구별되는 한, 시간의 흐름에 따라 구조화 되는 글 자체도 이야기 전개에 영향을 미친다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="74" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:41:50.888Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The reading of poems involves completely different demands.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">시를 읽을 때는 완전히 다른 사항들이 요구된다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="75" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:43:30.799Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Poems do not in any way offer stories in the form of verses and therefore cannot be read line by line in linear fashion from beginning to end.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">시는 어찌 됐건 이야기를 운문 형식으로 전달하지 않기에 처음부터 끝까지 한 줄 한 줄 선형적인 방법으로 읽어 내려갈 수 없다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="76" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:45:42.992Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">With them, tonal elements, unusual word choices (especially when ordinary words are used), the recognition of antonyms and contrasts, and especially rhythm are guarantors of a deeper sense (_untersinnig_) of unity that constantly accompanies the obvious meanings.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이와 함께, 어조를 이루는 요소, 예외적인 단어의 선택(특히 일반적인 단어가 쓰일 경우), 반의어와 대조어의 식별, 특히 운율 등은 명백한 의미와 함께 지속적으로 심도 깊은(_untersinnig_) 일관성을 보장한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="77" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:44:23.813Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This kind of reading demands an observant short-term memory and multi-layered recursions, which can never be sure that what is meant is also said.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이런 종류의 '읽기'에는 주의를 요하는 단기 기억 능력과 함께 여러 층위로 '되돌아가기' 할 수 있는 능력이 요구되며 무엇을 뜻하는지 확실히 말하기도 불가능하다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="78" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:35:04.09Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Theoretical texts have still different demands.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">학문적 글에서 요구하는 사항은 또 다르다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="79" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:35:45.045Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">I am thinking here of texts written in ordinary language, that is, not of texts written in the secret language of mathematical or logical calculus.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">여기서 상정하는 글은, 수학이나 논리적인 미적분의 비밀스런 언어가 아닌, 일상의 언어로 쓰인 글이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="80" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:36:12.196Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Even scientists must write in sentences if they wish to publish.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">과학자들도 출판을 위해서 여전히 글을 써야 한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="81" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:33:06.591Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">There is a wide variety of word-choices available.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이를 위해 다양하고 폭넓은 단어를 선택하게 된다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="82" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:33:20.163Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Most readers of theoretical texts cannot even imagine the large role of randomness in this process.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">학문적 글을 읽는 독자 대부분은 이 과정에서 무작위성이 얼마나 큰 역할을 하는지 상상조차 하지 못한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="83" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:37:40.698Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Indeed, even most writers usually do not make this clear to themselves.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">실제로 대부분의 작가들조차도 이 점을 명확히 인지하지 못하는 경우가 많다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="84" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:33:40.223Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The large majority of passages in a text could also have been formulated differently; and they would have been formulated differently if they had been written on another day.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">글에 담긴 구절 대부분은 다른 방식의 구성이 가능하며, 언제 작성하는가에 따라 다른 형식을 가진 글이 나온다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="85" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:47:17.807Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The large mass of not especially significant words (_Füllmasse_) necessary for formulating a sentence is not accessible to conceptual regulation.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">문장 구성에서 중요성이 떨어지는 상당수의 단어는 개념 규정에 영향을 미치지 못한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="86" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:33:57.008Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Take the phrase “not accessible” in the previous sentence, for example.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">앞의 문장에서 "미치지 못한다"라는 구절이 그러하다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="87" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T06:43:26.825Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This problem cannot be avoided.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이는 피할 수 없는 문제이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="88" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:34:25.073Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">It cannot be avoided even if we are very careful and pay a great deal of attention to the differentiation and recognizability of those words which have special conceptual importance.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">의미상 매우 특별한 중요성을 가진 단어의 차별성과 이해 가능성에 엄정한 주의를 기울인다 해도 여기서 벗어날 방법은 없다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="89" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:53:11.536Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">They will only form a very small part of the entire text (_Textmasse_).</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이는 글 전체(_Textmasse_)의 분량에 비해 매우 작은 부분이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="90" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:47:30.478Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">And how shall a reader find these words which are decisive?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그렇다면 독자는 이런 결정적인 단어를 어떻게 찾아낼까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="91" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:47:46.638Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This problem is especially prevalent in two cases, namely, in that of a translator and in that of a beginner.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">특히 이런 문제가 빈번하게 나타나는 두 가지 사례가 바로 번역가와 초심자다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="92" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:34:45.528Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">In any case, especially with these two classes of readers, I noticed how much my writing depends on incidental circumstances—even though I am very careful in maintaining and refining theoretical connections.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">어쨌든 나는 학문적 연계성을 유지하고 다듬는 일에 무척이나 세심한 주의를 기울였음에도 내 글쓰기가 우연한 환경에 얼마나 크게 의존하고 있는지 이 두 계층의 독자들로부터 확인할 수 있었다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="93" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:48:09.478Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Translators not sufficiently acquainted with a given text’s theoretical context often employ equal effort with regard to all the words they find within a text.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">번역가들은 주어진 글의 학문적 맥락을 충분히 숙지하지 못한 채 한 편의 글에서 자신이 발견한 모든 단어에 동일한 노력을 기울인다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="94" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:47:51.286Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This does not mean that they will translate “word for word” and follow the word order because this is usually impossible.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">'직역'이나 어순에 따르는 번역을 말하는 것이 아니다. 그런 일은 일반적으로 불가능하기 때문이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="95" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:35:06.485Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">But they do not consider themselves justified in playing with the large mass of not especially significant words.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">번역가는 중요도가 낮은 수많은 단어를 자유롭게 구성하는 일이 용납되지 않으리라 여긴다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="96" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:48:36.57Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">They select among the many lexically similar equivalents which seem to approach the intended meaning most closely.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">사전적으로 대치 가능한 수많은 단어 가운데 저자가 뜻한 바에 아마도 가장 가까이 있는 듯 보이는 하나의 단어를 선택한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="97" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:48:59.988Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">And I do not know how this could be done differently without writing entirely different texts in the other language.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이런 방법이라면 새로운 언어로 쓰인 완전히 다른 글 외에 어떤 다른 결과가 가능한지 나로서는 알 수 없다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="98" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:35:13.858Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Theoretically interested readers should therefore follow the advice of learning as many languages as possible in such a way that they have at least passive mastery of them and thus can read and understand them.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그렇기에 학문적 흥미를 가진 독자들은 가능하면 많은 언어를 배우라는 조언을 따라야 한다. 그래야만 수동적일지라도 최소한 다른 언어를 능숙하게 읽고 이해할 수 있게 된다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="99" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:50:18.162Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Beginners, especially beginning students, find that they are first confronted with a mass of words, which are ordered in sentence-form, which they read sentence by sentence, and which they can understand as sentences.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">초심자, 특히 문장 형태로 정렬된 막대한 양의 단어를 마주하는 학생들은 문장 순서에 따라 읽어 내려 가며 문장을 따라 이해하게 된다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="100" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-02-23T08:22:32.376Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">But what is important?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">하지만 무엇이 중요한 걸까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="101" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:48:17.452Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">What must be “learned?”</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">무엇을 익혀야 하는 걸까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="102" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:56:37.616Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">What is important, what is mere adornment?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">무엇이 중요하며 무엇이 부차적일까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="103" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:57:08.539Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">After a few pages of reading, one can hardly remember what one has read.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">몇 쪽을 읽은 뒤에도 무엇을 읽었는지 거의 기억하지 못하는 사람도 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="104" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:35:39.664Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Which recommendations can be offered?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">어떤 도움이 필요한 걸까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="105" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:48:47.549Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">One possibility is to remember names: Marx, Freud, Giddens, Bourdieu, etc.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">우선 생각해 볼 수 있는 방법은 이름을 기억하는 일이다. 마르크스(Marx), 프로이트(Freud), 기든스(Giddens), 부르디외(Bourdieu) 등.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="106" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:35:51.586Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Obviously most knowledge can also be ordered by names, eventually also by names of theories such as social phenomenology, theory of reception in the literary disciplines, etc.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">대부분의 지식을 이름 순서로 나열할 수 있음은 명백하며 사회 현상학, 문학 분야의 수용자 이론 등과 같은 이론들 또한 이름 순으로 나열할 수 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="107" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:55:28.805Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Even introductions to sociology and basic texts are conceived in this way.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">사회학 개론서와 기초적인 글 또한 이런 방법을 따른다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="108" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T03:58:43.241Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">What one cannot learn from such works, however, are conceptual connections and especially the nature of the problems that these texts try to solve.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">하지만 이런 작업으로는 개념적 연관 관계, 특히 글이 해결하려는 문제의 본질은 배울 수 없다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="109" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T08:08:49.638Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Still, even candidates in exams at the end of their studies want to be examined on Max Weber or, if that is too much, on Humberto Maturana, and they are prepared to report on what they know about these authors.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그럼에도 공부의 막바지에 이르러 시험에 응시하는 사람들조차 막스 베버(Max Weber), 혹은 분량이 너무 많다면 움베르토 마투라나(Humberto Maturana)를 주제로 시험을 치르고자 하며 이를 위해 각 저자들에 대해 알고 있는 바를 보고서로 제출할 수 있도록 준비한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="110" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:19:41.908Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The problem of reading theoretical texts seems to consist in the fact that they do not require just short-term memory but also long-term memory in order to be able to distinguish between what is essential and what is not essential and what is new from what is merely repeated.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">학문적 글읽기의 문제는 필수적인 것과 부차적인 것, 반복되는 것과 새로운 것을 구분하기 위해 단기 기억 뿐 아니라 장기 기억을 요구한다는 점에 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="111" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-02-24T02:58:25.804Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">But one cannot remember everything.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">하지만 모든 것을 기억할 수는 없다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="112" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-02-24T02:58:38.525Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This would simply be learning by heart.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이는 단지 암기일 뿐이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="113" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:36:05.191Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">In other words, one must read very selectively and must be able to extract extensively networked references.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">바꿔 말하면 매우 선별적인 독서가 필수이며 광범위하게 연결된 참조 문헌을 추려낼 수 있는 능력을 반드시 갖추어야 한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="114" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T08:25:52.198Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">One must be able to understand recursions.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">'되돌아가기'(Rekursionen)의 개념 또한 반드시 이해할 수 있어야 한다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="115" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:49:24.204Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">But how can one learn these skills, if no instructions can be given; or perhaps only about things that are unusual like “recursion” in the previous sentences as opposed to “must”?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">하지만 아무런 설명 없이, 혹은 앞의 문장에서 "반드시"와 대비되는 "되돌아가기"의 예처럼, 예외적인 것들만 존재한다면 어떻게 이러한 기술을 습득할 수 있을까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="116" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T08:31:31.084Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Perhaps the best method would be to take notes—not excerpts, but condensed reformulations of what has been read.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">가장 좋은 방법은 아마도 발췌한 내용이 아니라 읽은 내용을 압축적으로 재구성한 메모일 것이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="117" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:36:36.878Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The re-description of what has already been described leads almost automatically to a training of paying attention to “frames,” or schemata of observation, or even to noticing conditions which lead the text to offer some descriptions but not others.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이미 설명된 내용을 다시 설명하면 거의 자동적으로 '틀(frames)', 즉 관찰의 도식에 주의를 기울이는 훈련으로 이어지며, 심지어 특정 상황에서 텍스트가 제시하는 설명이 무엇이고 그렇지 않은 설명이 무엇인지까지 알아낼 수 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="118" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:25:42.161Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">What is not meant, what is excluded when something is asserted?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">의도하지 않은 부분은 무엇이며, 주장에서 배제된 것은 무엇일까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="119" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T08:39:49.298Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">If the text speaks of “human rights,” what is excluded by the author?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">'인권'을 다루는 글에서 저자가 빼놓은 부분은 무엇일까?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="120" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:25:52.301Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Non-human rights?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">인간 외에 사물과 동물의 권리?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="121" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T08:38:18.084Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Human duties?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">인간의 책무?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="122" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:36:46.433Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Or is it comparing cultures or historical times that did not know human rights and could live very well without them?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그도 아니라면 문화, 혹은 인권에 무지했으나 사는 데는 아무런 문제가 없었던 역사 시대와의 비교?</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="123" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:26:21.597Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This leads to another question: what are we to do with what we have written down?</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이로 인해 우리는 또 다른 질문에 이르게 된다. 바로 '무엇을 위해 쓰는가'이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="124" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:26:46.915Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Certainly, at first we will produce mostly garbage.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">당연하게도 우리가 처음 만들어 내는 대부분은 쓰레기다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="125" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:31:35.376Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">But we have been educated to expect something useful from our activities and soon lose confidence if nothing useful seems to result.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">우리는 자신의 활동에서 쓸모 있는 무언가를 기대하도록 교육받아 왔기에 유용한 결과가 없는 듯 보이면 바로 자신감을 잃고 만다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="126" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:37:12.718Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">We should therefore reflect on whether and how we arrange our notes so that they are available for later access.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">그렇기에 어떤 메모를 어떻게 정리할 지 되돌아봐야 추후에 여기에 다시 접근할 수 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="127" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:32:31.981Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">At least this should be a consoling illusion.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">최소한 그럴 수 있다는 환상에 위안을 얻게 된다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="128" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:33:08.229Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This requires a computer or a card file with numbered index cards and an index.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이를 위해서는 번호를 매긴 색인 카드와 색인을 이용할 수 있는 카드 보관첩 혹은 컴퓨터가 필요하다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="129" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:33:31.677Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">The constant accommodation of notes is then a further step in our working process.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이러한 작업 방식의 다음 단계는 지속적인 메모의 활용이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="130" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:34:30.867Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">It costs time, but it is also an activity that goes beyond the mere monotony of reading and incidentally trains our memory.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이는 시간을 요하는 활동이지만 단조로운 독서와 우연에 기댄 기억력 훈련을 넘어설 수 있다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="131" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:37:42.337Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This could be the occasion to remember that the differentiation of kinds of texts with which we started, originated only in the eighteenth century.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">앞서 말한 글 유형의 세분화가 18세기에 이르러서야 시작되었음을 상기해 보자.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="132" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:37:54.428Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">This holds for the modern novel as well as for demanding (or as one might be tempted to say: multi-medial) poetry and theoretical publications.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">이는 학문적 글, (누군가는 멀티미디어라고 부르기를 원하는) 시, 그리고 근대 소설 또한 마찬가지다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="133" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T08:38:11.584Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Obviously this differentiation has been influenced by book printing in all of its aspects.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">분명한 것은 이러한 세분화의 모든 측면에 출판이 영향력을 행사해 왔다는 점이다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="134" approved="yes" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-02T07:38:39.039Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">It could be that, especially given the possibilities that computers offer, we now must return to the achievements inherent in writing itself.</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">특히 컴퓨터가 제공하는 가능성을 고려할 때, 우리는 글쓰기 본연의 힘을 되돌아 봐야만 할지도 모른다.</target></trans-unit><trans-unit id="135" approved="no" sc:locked="false" sc:last-modified-date="2023-03-01T03:34:21.595Z" sc:last-modified-user="Yonggeun Kim"><source xml:space="preserve">Niklas Luhmann (transl. [Manfred Kuehn](http://takingnotenow.blogspot.com/))</source><target state="translated" xml:space="preserve">니클라스 루만(영역, [만프레드 퀸(Manfred Kuehn)](http://takingnotenow.blogspot.com/))</target></trans-unit></body></file></xliff>