diff --git a/admin/client.go b/admin/client.go
index d8616f94e..493e0600e 100644
--- a/admin/client.go
+++ b/admin/client.go
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ func (c *Client) ListChangeSummaries(
 	}
 	var summaries []*types.ChangeSummary
 	for _, c := range changes {
-		if err := newDoc.ApplyChanges(c); err != nil {
+		if _, err := newDoc.ApplyChanges(c); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
diff --git a/api/converter/converter_test.go b/api/converter/converter_test.go
index c247913a0..c92b047bc 100644
--- a/api/converter/converter_test.go
+++ b/api/converter/converter_test.go
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/converter"
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
@@ -41,14 +42,14 @@ func TestConverter(t *testing.T) {
 
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "A")
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"A"}]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "B")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -63,10 +64,10 @@ func TestConverter(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"B"}]}`, obj.Marshal())
 	})
 
-	t.Run("snapshot test", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("root snapshot test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			// an object and primitive types
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").
 				SetNull("k1.0").
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ func TestConverter(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("change pack test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			// an object and primitive types
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").
 				SetBool("k1.1", true).
@@ -209,28 +210,6 @@ func TestConverter(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, converter.ErrCheckpointRequired)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("client test", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cli := types.Client{
-			ID: time.InitialActorID,
-			PresenceInfo: types.PresenceInfo{
-				Presence: types.Presence{"Name": "ClientName"},
-			},
-		}
-
-		pbCli := converter.ToClient(cli)
-		decodedCli, err := converter.FromClient(pbCli)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, cli.ID.Bytes(), decodedCli.ID.Bytes())
-		assert.Equal(t, cli.PresenceInfo, decodedCli.PresenceInfo)
-
-		pbClients := converter.ToClients([]types.Client{cli})
-
-		decodedCli, err = converter.FromClient(pbClients[0])
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, cli.ID.Bytes(), decodedCli.ID.Bytes())
-		assert.Equal(t, cli.PresenceInfo, decodedCli.PresenceInfo)
-	})
-
 	t.Run("tree converting test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		root := helper.BuildTreeNode(&json.TreeNode{
 			Type: "r",
@@ -264,4 +243,13 @@ func TestConverter(t *testing.T) {
 
 		assert.Equal(t, tree.ToXML(), clone.ToXML())
 	})
+
+	t.Run("empty presence converting test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		change, err := innerpresence.NewChangeFromJSON(`{"ChangeType":"put","Presence":{}}`)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		pbChange := converter.ToPresenceChange(change)
+		clone := converter.FromPresenceChange(pbChange)
+		assert.Equal(t, change, clone)
+	})
 }
diff --git a/api/converter/from_bytes.go b/api/converter/from_bytes.go
index c82a2e3c8..6f0b6e8fa 100644
--- a/api/converter/from_bytes.go
+++ b/api/converter/from_bytes.go
@@ -24,9 +24,30 @@ import (
 
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
+// BytesToSnapshot creates a Snapshot from the given byte array.
+func BytesToSnapshot(snapshot []byte) (*crdt.Object, *innerpresence.Map, error) {
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return crdt.NewObject(crdt.NewElementRHT(), time.InitialTicket), innerpresence.NewMap(), nil
+	}
+
+	pbSnapshot := &api.Snapshot{}
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(snapshot, pbSnapshot); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal snapshot: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	obj, err := fromJSONElement(pbSnapshot.GetRoot())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	presences := fromPresences(pbSnapshot.GetPresences())
+	return obj.(*crdt.Object), presences, nil
+}
+
 // BytesToObject creates an Object from the given byte array.
 func BytesToObject(snapshot []byte) (*crdt.Object, error) {
 	if snapshot == nil {
diff --git a/api/converter/from_pb.go b/api/converter/from_pb.go
index deee8b5f4..7295103be 100644
--- a/api/converter/from_pb.go
+++ b/api/converter/from_pb.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/operations"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
@@ -119,27 +120,6 @@ func FromDocumentSummary(pbSummary *api.DocumentSummary) (*types.DocumentSummary
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// FromClient converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
-func FromClient(pbClient *api.Client) (*types.Client, error) {
-	id, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes(pbClient.Id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &types.Client{
-		ID:           id,
-		PresenceInfo: FromPresenceInfo(pbClient.Presence),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// FromPresenceInfo converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
-func FromPresenceInfo(pbPresence *api.Presence) types.PresenceInfo {
-	return types.PresenceInfo{
-		Clock:    pbPresence.Clock,
-		Presence: pbPresence.Data,
-	}
-}
-
 // FromChangePack converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
 func FromChangePack(pbPack *api.ChangePack) (*change.Pack, error) {
 	if pbPack == nil {
@@ -192,6 +172,7 @@ func FromChanges(pbChanges []*api.Change) ([]*change.Change, error) {
 			changeID,
 			pbChange.Message,
 			ops,
+			FromPresenceChange(pbChange.PresenceChange),
 		))
 	}
 
@@ -240,15 +221,13 @@ func FromEventType(pbDocEventType api.DocEventType) (types.DocEventType, error)
 		return types.DocumentsWatchedEvent, nil
 	case api.DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED:
 		return types.DocumentsUnwatchedEvent, nil
-	case api.DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED:
-		return types.PresenceChangedEvent, nil
 	}
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("%v: %w", pbDocEventType, ErrUnsupportedEventType)
 }
 
 // FromDocEvent converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
 func FromDocEvent(docEvent *api.DocEvent) (*sync.DocEvent, error) {
-	client, err := FromClient(docEvent.Publisher)
+	client, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes(docEvent.Publisher)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -258,32 +237,12 @@ func FromDocEvent(docEvent *api.DocEvent) (*sync.DocEvent, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	documentID, err := FromDocumentID(docEvent.DocumentId)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	return &sync.DocEvent{
-		Type:       eventType,
-		Publisher:  *client,
-		DocumentID: documentID,
+		Type:      eventType,
+		Publisher: client,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// FromClients converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
-func FromClients(pbClients []*api.Client) ([]*types.Client, error) {
-	var clients []*types.Client
-	for _, pbClient := range pbClients {
-		client, err := FromClient(pbClient)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		clients = append(clients, client)
-	}
-
-	return clients, nil
-}
-
 // FromOperations converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
 func FromOperations(pbOps []*api.Operation) ([]operations.Operation, error) {
 	var ops []operations.Operation
@@ -323,6 +282,53 @@ func FromOperations(pbOps []*api.Operation) ([]operations.Operation, error) {
 	return ops, nil
 }
 
+func fromPresences(pbPresences map[string]*api.Presence) *innerpresence.Map {
+	presences := innerpresence.NewMap()
+	for id, pbPresence := range pbPresences {
+		presences.Store(id, fromPresence(pbPresence))
+	}
+	return presences
+}
+
+func fromPresence(pbPresence *api.Presence) innerpresence.Presence {
+	if pbPresence == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	data := pbPresence.GetData()
+	if data == nil {
+		data = innerpresence.NewPresence()
+	}
+
+	return data
+}
+
+// FromPresenceChange converts the given Protobuf formats to model format.
+func FromPresenceChange(pbPresenceChange *api.PresenceChange) *innerpresence.PresenceChange {
+	if pbPresenceChange == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var p innerpresence.PresenceChange
+	switch pbPresenceChange.Type {
+	case api.PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_PUT:
+		p = innerpresence.PresenceChange{
+			ChangeType: innerpresence.Put,
+			Presence:   pbPresenceChange.Presence.Data,
+		}
+		if p.Presence == nil {
+			p.Presence = innerpresence.NewPresence()
+		}
+	case api.PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR:
+		p = innerpresence.PresenceChange{
+			ChangeType: innerpresence.Clear,
+			Presence:   nil,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &p
+}
+
 func fromSet(pbSet *api.Operation_Set) (*operations.Set, error) {
 	parentCreatedAt, err := fromTimeTicket(pbSet.ParentCreatedAt)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/api/converter/to_bytes.go b/api/converter/to_bytes.go
index fdd7de5f6..29fbd54b5 100644
--- a/api/converter/to_bytes.go
+++ b/api/converter/to_bytes.go
@@ -24,9 +24,30 @@ import (
 
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/index"
 )
 
+// SnapshotToBytes converts the given document to byte array.
+func SnapshotToBytes(obj *crdt.Object, presences *innerpresence.Map) ([]byte, error) {
+	pbElem, err := toJSONElement(obj)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	pbPresences := ToPresences(presences)
+
+	bytes, err := proto.Marshal(&api.Snapshot{
+		Root:      pbElem,
+		Presences: pbPresences,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal Snapshot to bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return bytes, nil
+}
+
 // ObjectToBytes converts the given object to byte array.
 func ObjectToBytes(obj *crdt.Object) ([]byte, error) {
 	pbElem, err := toJSONElement(obj)
diff --git a/api/converter/to_pb.go b/api/converter/to_pb.go
index be40e3273..0867437e5 100644
--- a/api/converter/to_pb.go
+++ b/api/converter/to_pb.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/operations"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/sync"
@@ -121,19 +122,46 @@ func ToDocumentSummary(summary *types.DocumentSummary) (*api.DocumentSummary, er
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// ToClient converts the given model to Protobuf format.
-func ToClient(client types.Client) *api.Client {
-	return &api.Client{
-		Id:       client.ID.Bytes(),
-		Presence: ToPresenceInfo(client.PresenceInfo),
-	}
+// ToPresences converts the given model to Protobuf format.
+func ToPresences(presences *innerpresence.Map) map[string]*api.Presence {
+	pbPresences := make(map[string]*api.Presence)
+	presences.Range(func(k string, v innerpresence.Presence) bool {
+		pbPresences[k] = ToPresence(v)
+		return true
+	})
+	return pbPresences
 }
 
-// ToPresenceInfo converts the given model to Protobuf format.
-func ToPresenceInfo(info types.PresenceInfo) *api.Presence {
+// ToPresence converts the given model to Protobuf format.
+func ToPresence(p innerpresence.Presence) *api.Presence {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	return &api.Presence{
-		Clock: info.Clock,
-		Data:  info.Presence,
+		Data: p,
+	}
+}
+
+// ToPresenceChange converts the given model to Protobuf format.
+func ToPresenceChange(p *innerpresence.PresenceChange) *api.PresenceChange {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch p.ChangeType {
+	case innerpresence.Put:
+		return &api.PresenceChange{
+			Type:     api.PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_PUT,
+			Presence: &api.Presence{Data: p.Presence},
+		}
+	case innerpresence.Clear:
+		return &api.PresenceChange{
+			Type: api.PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR,
+		}
+	}
+	return &api.PresenceChange{
+		Type: api.PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -172,15 +200,6 @@ func ToChangeID(id change.ID) *api.ChangeID {
 	}
 }
 
-// ToClients converts the given model to Protobuf format.
-func ToClients(clients []types.Client) []*api.Client {
-	var pbClients []*api.Client
-	for _, client := range clients {
-		pbClients = append(pbClients, ToClient(client))
-	}
-	return pbClients
-}
-
 // ToDocEventType converts the given model format to Protobuf format.
 func ToDocEventType(eventType types.DocEventType) (api.DocEventType, error) {
 	switch eventType {
@@ -190,8 +209,6 @@ func ToDocEventType(eventType types.DocEventType) (api.DocEventType, error) {
 		return api.DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_WATCHED, nil
 	case types.DocumentsUnwatchedEvent:
 		return api.DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED, nil
-	case types.PresenceChangedEvent:
-		return api.DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED, nil
 	default:
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", eventType, ErrUnsupportedEventType)
 	}
@@ -205,9 +222,8 @@ func ToDocEvent(docEvent sync.DocEvent) (*api.DocEvent, error) {
 	}
 
 	return &api.DocEvent{
-		Type:       eventType,
-		Publisher:  ToClient(docEvent.Publisher),
-		DocumentId: docEvent.DocumentID.String(),
+		Type:      eventType,
+		Publisher: docEvent.Publisher.Bytes(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -275,9 +291,10 @@ func ToChanges(changes []*change.Change) ([]*api.Change, error) {
 		}
 
 		pbChanges = append(pbChanges, &api.Change{
-			Id:         ToChangeID(c.ID()),
-			Message:    c.Message(),
-			Operations: pbOperations,
+			Id:             ToChangeID(c.ID()),
+			Message:        c.Message(),
+			Operations:     pbOperations,
+			PresenceChange: ToPresenceChange(c.PresenceChange()),
 		})
 	}
 
diff --git a/api/types/client.go b/api/types/client.go
deleted file mode 100644
index ff2a0fab8..000000000
--- a/api/types/client.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-package types
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
-)
-
-// Client represents the Client that communicates with the Server.
-type Client struct {
-	ID           *time.ActorID
-	PresenceInfo PresenceInfo
-}
-
-// NewClient creates a new Client from the given JSON.
-func NewClient(encoded []byte) (*Client, error) {
-	cli := &Client{}
-	err := json.Unmarshal(encoded, cli)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal client: %w", err)
-	}
-	return cli, nil
-}
-
-// Marshal serializes the Client to JSON.
-func (c *Client) Marshal() (string, error) {
-	encoded, err := json.Marshal(c)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return string(encoded), nil
-}
-
-// Presence represents custom presence that can be defined in the client.
-type Presence map[string]string
-
-// PresenceInfo is a presence information with logical clock.
-type PresenceInfo struct {
-	Clock    int32
-	Presence Presence
-}
-
-// Update updates the given presence information with the given clock.
-func (i *PresenceInfo) Update(info PresenceInfo) bool {
-	if info.Clock > i.Clock {
-		i.Clock = info.Clock
-		i.Presence = info.Presence
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/api/types/event.go b/api/types/event.go
index 7472e6816..d04de35bc 100644
--- a/api/types/event.go
+++ b/api/types/event.go
@@ -15,7 +15,4 @@ const (
 	// DocumentsUnwatchedEvent is an event that occurs when documents are
 	// unwatched by other clients.
 	DocumentsUnwatchedEvent DocEventType = "documents-unwatched"
-
-	// PresenceChangedEvent is an event indicating that presence is changed.
-	PresenceChangedEvent DocEventType = "presence-changed"
 )
diff --git a/api/yorkie/v1/resources.pb.go b/api/yorkie/v1/resources.pb.go
index b33c3167a..3e8c98cc3 100644
--- a/api/yorkie/v1/resources.pb.go
+++ b/api/yorkie/v1/resources.pb.go
@@ -90,21 +90,18 @@ const (
 	DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_CHANGED   DocEventType = 0
 	DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_WATCHED   DocEventType = 1
 	DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED DocEventType = 2
-	DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED    DocEventType = 3
 )
 
 var DocEventType_name = map[int32]string{
 	0: "DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_CHANGED",
 	1: "DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_WATCHED",
 	2: "DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED",
-	3: "DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED",
 }
 
 var DocEventType_value = map[string]int32{
 	"DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_CHANGED":   0,
 	"DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_WATCHED":   1,
 	"DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED": 2,
-	"DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED":    3,
 }
 
 func (x DocEventType) String() string {
@@ -115,6 +112,95 @@ func (DocEventType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{1}
 }
 
+type PresenceChange_ChangeType int32
+
+const (
+	PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED PresenceChange_ChangeType = 0
+	PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_PUT         PresenceChange_ChangeType = 1
+	PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_DELETE      PresenceChange_ChangeType = 2
+	PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR       PresenceChange_ChangeType = 3
+)
+
+var PresenceChange_ChangeType_name = map[int32]string{
+	0: "CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED",
+	1: "CHANGE_TYPE_PUT",
+	2: "CHANGE_TYPE_DELETE",
+	3: "CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR",
+}
+
+var PresenceChange_ChangeType_value = map[string]int32{
+	"CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED": 0,
+	"CHANGE_TYPE_PUT":         1,
+	"CHANGE_TYPE_DELETE":      2,
+	"CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR":       3,
+}
+
+func (x PresenceChange_ChangeType) String() string {
+	return proto.EnumName(PresenceChange_ChangeType_name, int32(x))
+}
+
+func (PresenceChange_ChangeType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{19, 0}
+}
+
+// ///////////////////////////////////////
+// Messages for Snapshot               //
+// ///////////////////////////////////////
+type Snapshot struct {
+	Root                 *JSONElement         `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=root,proto3" json:"root,omitempty"`
+	Presences            map[string]*Presence `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=presences,proto3" json:"presences,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}             `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte               `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32                `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (m *Snapshot) Reset()         { *m = Snapshot{} }
+func (m *Snapshot) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*Snapshot) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*Snapshot) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{0}
+}
+func (m *Snapshot) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *Snapshot) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_Snapshot.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *Snapshot) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Snapshot.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *Snapshot) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *Snapshot) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Snapshot.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_Snapshot proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *Snapshot) GetRoot() *JSONElement {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Root
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Snapshot) GetPresences() map[string]*Presence {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Presences
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ChangePack is a message that contains all changes that occurred in a document.
 // It is used to synchronize changes between clients and servers.
 type ChangePack struct {
@@ -133,7 +219,7 @@ func (m *ChangePack) Reset()         { *m = ChangePack{} }
 func (m *ChangePack) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ChangePack) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ChangePack) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{0}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{1}
 }
 func (m *ChangePack) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -205,19 +291,20 @@ func (m *ChangePack) GetIsRemoved() bool {
 }
 
 type Change struct {
-	Id                   *ChangeID    `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Message              string       `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=message,proto3" json:"message,omitempty"`
-	Operations           []*Operation `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=operations,proto3" json:"operations,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}     `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte       `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32        `json:"-"`
+	Id                   *ChangeID       `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Message              string          `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=message,proto3" json:"message,omitempty"`
+	Operations           []*Operation    `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=operations,proto3" json:"operations,omitempty"`
+	PresenceChange       *PresenceChange `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=presence_change,json=presenceChange,proto3" json:"presence_change,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}        `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte          `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32           `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (m *Change) Reset()         { *m = Change{} }
 func (m *Change) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Change) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Change) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{1}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{2}
 }
 func (m *Change) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -267,6 +354,13 @@ func (m *Change) GetOperations() []*Operation {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *Change) GetPresenceChange() *PresenceChange {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.PresenceChange
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type ChangeID struct {
 	ClientSeq            uint32   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=client_seq,json=clientSeq,proto3" json:"client_seq,omitempty"`
 	ServerSeq            int64    `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=server_seq,json=serverSeq,proto3" json:"server_seq,omitempty"`
@@ -281,7 +375,7 @@ func (m *ChangeID) Reset()         { *m = ChangeID{} }
 func (m *ChangeID) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ChangeID) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ChangeID) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{2}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3}
 }
 func (m *ChangeID) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -361,7 +455,7 @@ func (m *Operation) Reset()         { *m = Operation{} }
 func (m *Operation) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4}
 }
 func (m *Operation) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -545,7 +639,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Set) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Set{} }
 func (m *Operation_Set) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Set) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Set) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 0}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Set) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -616,7 +710,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Add) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Add{} }
 func (m *Operation_Add) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Add) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Add) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 1}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 1}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Add) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -687,7 +781,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Move) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Move{} }
 func (m *Operation_Move) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Move) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Move) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 2}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 2}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Move) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -757,7 +851,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Remove) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Remove{} }
 func (m *Operation_Remove) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Remove) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Remove) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 3}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 3}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Remove) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -824,7 +918,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Edit) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Edit{} }
 func (m *Operation_Edit) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Edit) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Edit) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 4}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 4}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Edit) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -916,7 +1010,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Select) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Select{} }
 func (m *Operation_Select) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Select) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Select) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 5}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 5}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Select) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -988,7 +1082,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Style) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Style{} }
 func (m *Operation_Style) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Style) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Style) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 6}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 6}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Style) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1065,7 +1159,7 @@ func (m *Operation_Increase) Reset()         { *m = Operation_Increase{} }
 func (m *Operation_Increase) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_Increase) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_Increase) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 7}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 7}
 }
 func (m *Operation_Increase) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1130,7 +1224,7 @@ func (m *Operation_TreeEdit) Reset()         { *m = Operation_TreeEdit{} }
 func (m *Operation_TreeEdit) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_TreeEdit) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_TreeEdit) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 8}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 8}
 }
 func (m *Operation_TreeEdit) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1209,7 +1303,7 @@ func (m *Operation_TreeStyle) Reset()         { *m = Operation_TreeStyle{} }
 func (m *Operation_TreeStyle) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Operation_TreeStyle) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Operation_TreeStyle) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{3, 9}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4, 9}
 }
 func (m *Operation_TreeStyle) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1288,7 +1382,7 @@ func (m *JSONElementSimple) Reset()         { *m = JSONElementSimple{} }
 func (m *JSONElementSimple) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElementSimple) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElementSimple) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{4}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5}
 }
 func (m *JSONElementSimple) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1371,7 +1465,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement{} }
 func (m *JSONElement) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1507,7 +1601,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_JSONObject) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_JSONObject{}
 func (m *JSONElement_JSONObject) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_JSONObject) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_JSONObject) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 0}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_JSONObject) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1578,7 +1672,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_JSONArray) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_JSONArray{} }
 func (m *JSONElement_JSONArray) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_JSONArray) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_JSONArray) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 1}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 1}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_JSONArray) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1650,7 +1744,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_Primitive) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_Primitive{} }
 func (m *JSONElement_Primitive) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_Primitive) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_Primitive) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 2}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 2}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_Primitive) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1728,7 +1822,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_Text) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_Text{} }
 func (m *JSONElement_Text) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_Text) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_Text) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 3}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 3}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_Text) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1800,7 +1894,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_Counter) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_Counter{} }
 func (m *JSONElement_Counter) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_Counter) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_Counter) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 4}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 4}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_Counter) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1878,7 +1972,7 @@ func (m *JSONElement_Tree) Reset()         { *m = JSONElement_Tree{} }
 func (m *JSONElement_Tree) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*JSONElement_Tree) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*JSONElement_Tree) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{5, 5}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6, 5}
 }
 func (m *JSONElement_Tree) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1947,7 +2041,7 @@ func (m *RHTNode) Reset()         { *m = RHTNode{} }
 func (m *RHTNode) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*RHTNode) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*RHTNode) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{6}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{7}
 }
 func (m *RHTNode) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2002,7 +2096,7 @@ func (m *RGANode) Reset()         { *m = RGANode{} }
 func (m *RGANode) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*RGANode) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*RGANode) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{7}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{8}
 }
 func (m *RGANode) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2057,7 +2151,7 @@ func (m *NodeAttr) Reset()         { *m = NodeAttr{} }
 func (m *NodeAttr) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*NodeAttr) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*NodeAttr) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{8}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{9}
 }
 func (m *NodeAttr) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2115,7 +2209,7 @@ func (m *TextNode) Reset()         { *m = TextNode{} }
 func (m *TextNode) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TextNode) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TextNode) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{9}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{10}
 }
 func (m *TextNode) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2191,7 +2285,7 @@ func (m *TextNodeID) Reset()         { *m = TextNodeID{} }
 func (m *TextNodeID) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TextNodeID) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TextNodeID) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{10}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{11}
 }
 func (m *TextNodeID) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2251,7 +2345,7 @@ func (m *TreeNode) Reset()         { *m = TreeNode{} }
 func (m *TreeNode) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TreeNode) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TreeNode) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{11}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{12}
 }
 func (m *TreeNode) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2340,7 +2434,7 @@ func (m *TreeNodes) Reset()         { *m = TreeNodes{} }
 func (m *TreeNodes) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TreeNodes) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TreeNodes) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{12}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{13}
 }
 func (m *TreeNodes) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2388,7 +2482,7 @@ func (m *TreePos) Reset()         { *m = TreePos{} }
 func (m *TreePos) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TreePos) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TreePos) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{13}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{14}
 }
 func (m *TreePos) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2444,7 +2538,7 @@ func (m *User) Reset()         { *m = User{} }
 func (m *User) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*User) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*User) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{14}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{15}
 }
 func (m *User) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2513,7 +2607,7 @@ func (m *Project) Reset()         { *m = Project{} }
 func (m *Project) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Project) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Project) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{15}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{16}
 }
 func (m *Project) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2619,7 +2713,7 @@ func (m *UpdatableProjectFields) Reset()         { *m = UpdatableProjectFields{}
 func (m *UpdatableProjectFields) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*UpdatableProjectFields) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*UpdatableProjectFields) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{16}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{17}
 }
 func (m *UpdatableProjectFields) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2691,7 +2785,7 @@ func (m *UpdatableProjectFields_AuthWebhookMethods) String() string {
 }
 func (*UpdatableProjectFields_AuthWebhookMethods) ProtoMessage() {}
 func (*UpdatableProjectFields_AuthWebhookMethods) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{16, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{17, 0}
 }
 func (m *UpdatableProjectFields_AuthWebhookMethods) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2743,7 +2837,7 @@ func (m *DocumentSummary) Reset()         { *m = DocumentSummary{} }
 func (m *DocumentSummary) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*DocumentSummary) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*DocumentSummary) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{17}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{18}
 }
 func (m *DocumentSummary) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2814,26 +2908,26 @@ func (m *DocumentSummary) GetUpdatedAt() *types.Timestamp {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type Presence struct {
-	Clock                int32             `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=clock,proto3" json:"clock,omitempty"`
-	Data                 map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=data,proto3" json:"data,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}          `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte            `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32             `json:"-"`
+type PresenceChange struct {
+	Type                 PresenceChange_ChangeType `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=type,proto3,enum=yorkie.v1.PresenceChange_ChangeType" json:"type,omitempty"`
+	Presence             *Presence                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=presence,proto3" json:"presence,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}                  `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte                    `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32                     `json:"-"`
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) Reset()         { *m = Presence{} }
-func (m *Presence) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
-func (*Presence) ProtoMessage()    {}
-func (*Presence) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{18}
+func (m *PresenceChange) Reset()         { *m = PresenceChange{} }
+func (m *PresenceChange) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*PresenceChange) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*PresenceChange) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{19}
 }
-func (m *Presence) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+func (m *PresenceChange) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
 }
-func (m *Presence) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+func (m *PresenceChange) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
 	if deterministic {
-		return xxx_messageInfo_Presence.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+		return xxx_messageInfo_PresenceChange.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
 	} else {
 		b = b[:cap(b)]
 		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
@@ -2843,52 +2937,51 @@ func (m *Presence) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
 		return b[:n], nil
 	}
 }
-func (m *Presence) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
-	xxx_messageInfo_Presence.Merge(m, src)
+func (m *PresenceChange) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_PresenceChange.Merge(m, src)
 }
-func (m *Presence) XXX_Size() int {
+func (m *PresenceChange) XXX_Size() int {
 	return m.Size()
 }
-func (m *Presence) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
-	xxx_messageInfo_Presence.DiscardUnknown(m)
+func (m *PresenceChange) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_PresenceChange.DiscardUnknown(m)
 }
 
-var xxx_messageInfo_Presence proto.InternalMessageInfo
+var xxx_messageInfo_PresenceChange proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *Presence) GetClock() int32 {
+func (m *PresenceChange) GetType() PresenceChange_ChangeType {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.Clock
+		return m.Type
 	}
-	return 0
+	return PresenceChange_CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) GetData() map[string]string {
+func (m *PresenceChange) GetPresence() *Presence {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.Data
+		return m.Presence
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-type Client struct {
-	Id                   []byte    `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Presence             *Presence `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=presence,proto3" json:"presence,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}  `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte    `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32     `json:"-"`
+type Presence struct {
+	Data                 map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=data,proto3" json:"data,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}          `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte            `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32             `json:"-"`
 }
 
-func (m *Client) Reset()         { *m = Client{} }
-func (m *Client) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
-func (*Client) ProtoMessage()    {}
-func (*Client) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{19}
+func (m *Presence) Reset()         { *m = Presence{} }
+func (m *Presence) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*Presence) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*Presence) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{20}
 }
-func (m *Client) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+func (m *Presence) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
 }
-func (m *Client) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+func (m *Presence) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
 	if deterministic {
-		return xxx_messageInfo_Client.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+		return xxx_messageInfo_Presence.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
 	} else {
 		b = b[:cap(b)]
 		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
@@ -2898,28 +2991,21 @@ func (m *Client) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
 		return b[:n], nil
 	}
 }
-func (m *Client) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
-	xxx_messageInfo_Client.Merge(m, src)
+func (m *Presence) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Presence.Merge(m, src)
 }
-func (m *Client) XXX_Size() int {
+func (m *Presence) XXX_Size() int {
 	return m.Size()
 }
-func (m *Client) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
-	xxx_messageInfo_Client.DiscardUnknown(m)
+func (m *Presence) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Presence.DiscardUnknown(m)
 }
 
-var xxx_messageInfo_Client proto.InternalMessageInfo
-
-func (m *Client) GetId() []byte {
-	if m != nil {
-		return m.Id
-	}
-	return nil
-}
+var xxx_messageInfo_Presence proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *Client) GetPresence() *Presence {
+func (m *Presence) GetData() map[string]string {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.Presence
+		return m.Data
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -2936,7 +3022,7 @@ func (m *Checkpoint) Reset()         { *m = Checkpoint{} }
 func (m *Checkpoint) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Checkpoint) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Checkpoint) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{20}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{21}
 }
 func (m *Checkpoint) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -2992,7 +3078,7 @@ func (m *TextNodePos) Reset()         { *m = TextNodePos{} }
 func (m *TextNodePos) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TextNodePos) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TextNodePos) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{21}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{22}
 }
 func (m *TextNodePos) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -3055,7 +3141,7 @@ func (m *TimeTicket) Reset()         { *m = TimeTicket{} }
 func (m *TimeTicket) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*TimeTicket) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*TimeTicket) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{22}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{23}
 }
 func (m *TimeTicket) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -3107,8 +3193,7 @@ func (m *TimeTicket) GetActorId() []byte {
 
 type DocEvent struct {
 	Type                 DocEventType `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=type,proto3,enum=yorkie.v1.DocEventType" json:"type,omitempty"`
-	Publisher            *Client      `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=publisher,proto3" json:"publisher,omitempty"`
-	DocumentId           string       `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=document_id,json=documentId,proto3" json:"document_id,omitempty"`
+	Publisher            []byte       `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=publisher,proto3" json:"publisher,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}     `json:"-"`
 	XXX_unrecognized     []byte       `json:"-"`
 	XXX_sizecache        int32        `json:"-"`
@@ -3118,7 +3203,7 @@ func (m *DocEvent) Reset()         { *m = DocEvent{} }
 func (m *DocEvent) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*DocEvent) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*DocEvent) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{23}
+	return fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896, []int{24}
 }
 func (m *DocEvent) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -3154,23 +3239,19 @@ func (m *DocEvent) GetType() DocEventType {
 	return DocEventType_DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_CHANGED
 }
 
-func (m *DocEvent) GetPublisher() *Client {
+func (m *DocEvent) GetPublisher() []byte {
 	if m != nil {
 		return m.Publisher
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *DocEvent) GetDocumentId() string {
-	if m != nil {
-		return m.DocumentId
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func init() {
 	proto.RegisterEnum("yorkie.v1.ValueType", ValueType_name, ValueType_value)
 	proto.RegisterEnum("yorkie.v1.DocEventType", DocEventType_name, DocEventType_value)
+	proto.RegisterEnum("yorkie.v1.PresenceChange_ChangeType", PresenceChange_ChangeType_name, PresenceChange_ChangeType_value)
+	proto.RegisterType((*Snapshot)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Snapshot")
+	proto.RegisterMapType((map[string]*Presence)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Snapshot.PresencesEntry")
 	proto.RegisterType((*ChangePack)(nil), "yorkie.v1.ChangePack")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Change)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Change")
 	proto.RegisterType((*ChangeID)(nil), "yorkie.v1.ChangeID")
@@ -3212,9 +3293,9 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*UpdatableProjectFields)(nil), "yorkie.v1.UpdatableProjectFields")
 	proto.RegisterType((*UpdatableProjectFields_AuthWebhookMethods)(nil), "yorkie.v1.UpdatableProjectFields.AuthWebhookMethods")
 	proto.RegisterType((*DocumentSummary)(nil), "yorkie.v1.DocumentSummary")
+	proto.RegisterType((*PresenceChange)(nil), "yorkie.v1.PresenceChange")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Presence)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Presence")
 	proto.RegisterMapType((map[string]string)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Presence.DataEntry")
-	proto.RegisterType((*Client)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Client")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Checkpoint)(nil), "yorkie.v1.Checkpoint")
 	proto.RegisterType((*TextNodePos)(nil), "yorkie.v1.TextNodePos")
 	proto.RegisterType((*TimeTicket)(nil), "yorkie.v1.TimeTicket")
@@ -3224,161 +3305,231 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("yorkie/v1/resources.proto", fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_36361b2f5d0f0896 = []byte{
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+	0x6c, 0xd5, 0x31, 0xd5, 0x1e, 0x6e, 0xfb, 0xe8, 0xc6, 0x10, 0x33, 0xcf, 0x0b, 0x16, 0x06, 0x10,
+	0x81, 0x8c, 0x97, 0x80, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0xbc, 0x23, 0xbe, 0xe2, 0x82, 0x36, 0xe8, 0xb8, 0xfe, 0xa9,
+	0x0c, 0x4a, 0x78, 0xba, 0x23, 0xe4, 0x7a, 0x54, 0xde, 0x3d, 0xe0, 0x74, 0xa9, 0x1d, 0xec, 0xee,
+	0xe6, 0xe6, 0x08, 0xb9, 0x84, 0xce, 0xad, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x5d, 0xb5, 0x5c, 0x63, 0xa4, 0x13, 0xfa,
+	0x77, 0x6a, 0x0d, 0xf5, 0xbe, 0xaa, 0xe5, 0xe4, 0xc8, 0x24, 0xbb, 0x7b, 0xb5, 0xfb, 0xb9, 0x04,
+	0x61, 0xa2, 0xd0, 0x59, 0xdd, 0x3b, 0xd8, 0xda, 0x55, 0x73, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x77, 0xbd, 0xa1, 0xed,
+	0xd4, 0xee, 0xe7, 0x52, 0xe8, 0x0c, 0xe4, 0xc4, 0x25, 0x9f, 0x34, 0xd4, 0x7a, 0x2e, 0x1d, 0x99,
+	0xb8, 0x5a, 0x6e, 0xa8, 0xb9, 0x0c, 0x2a, 0xc0, 0x39, 0xa1, 0x93, 0x9c, 0x35, 0xf4, 0xbd, 0xad,
+	0x07, 0x6a, 0xa5, 0x91, 0xcb, 0xa2, 0x0b, 0x70, 0x36, 0x3a, 0x56, 0xd6, 0xb4, 0xf2, 0x93, 0x9c,
+	0x12, 0x99, 0xab, 0xa1, 0x7e, 0xaf, 0x91, 0x83, 0xc8, 0x5c, 0xdc, 0x22, 0xbd, 0x52, 0x6b, 0xe4,
+	0xe6, 0xd1, 0x79, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x58, 0x45, 0x07, 0x16, 0xa2, 0x33, 0x69, 0xaa, 0x9a, 0x3b, 0x75,
+	0xfd, 0x63, 0x09, 0x16, 0x44, 0x5f, 0xa0, 0x2b, 0xb0, 0x5a, 0xdd, 0xab, 0xe8, 0xea, 0x23, 0xb5,
+	0xd6, 0x08, 0xf6, 0xa0, 0x72, 0xf0, 0x50, 0xad, 0x35, 0xea, 0x3a, 0x0b, 0x51, 0x12, 0xdc, 0x93,
+	0x50, 0x8f, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0xca, 0xb6, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0x49, 0xe8, 0x2a, 0x14, 0xc7, 0xa2, 0x0e, 0x6a,
+	0x01, 0x4e, 0xde, 0xba, 0xf1, 0xeb, 0x17, 0x2b, 0xd2, 0x1f, 0x5e, 0xac, 0x48, 0x7f, 0x7e, 0xb1,
+	0x22, 0xfd, 0xec, 0x2f, 0x2b, 0x73, 0x70, 0xda, 0xc2, 0xbd, 0x80, 0x2d, 0x46, 0xc7, 0x2e, 0xf5,
+	0x6e, 0xee, 0x4b, 0xef, 0x27, 0x4b, 0x77, 0x7b, 0x37, 0x0f, 0xd3, 0x34, 0x3f, 0x7e, 0xf5, 0xbf,
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0xa8, 0x34, 0x19, 0xd1, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00,
+}
+
+func (m *Snapshot) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *Snapshot) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *Snapshot) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	if len(m.Presences) > 0 {
+		for k := range m.Presences {
+			v := m.Presences[k]
+			baseI := i
+			if v != nil {
+				{
+					size, err := v.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+					if err != nil {
+						return 0, err
+					}
+					i -= size
+					i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+				}
+				i--
+				dAtA[i] = 0x12
+			}
+			i -= len(k)
+			copy(dAtA[i:], k)
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(k)))
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0xa
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(baseI-i))
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0x12
+		}
+	}
+	if m.Root != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.Root.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+		}
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0xa
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
 func (m *ChangePack) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -3494,6 +3645,18 @@ func (m *Change) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
+	if m.PresenceChange != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.PresenceChange.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+		}
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x22
+	}
 	if len(m.Operations) > 0 {
 		for iNdEx := len(m.Operations) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
 			{
@@ -6171,7 +6334,7 @@ func (m *DocumentSummary) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+func (m *PresenceChange) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
 	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
@@ -6181,12 +6344,12 @@ func (m *Presence) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	return dAtA[:n], nil
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+func (m *PresenceChange) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+func (m *PresenceChange) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	i := len(dAtA)
 	_ = i
 	var l int
@@ -6195,34 +6358,27 @@ func (m *Presence) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
-	if len(m.Data) > 0 {
-		for k := range m.Data {
-			v := m.Data[k]
-			baseI := i
-			i -= len(v)
-			copy(dAtA[i:], v)
-			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(v)))
-			i--
-			dAtA[i] = 0x12
-			i -= len(k)
-			copy(dAtA[i:], k)
-			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(k)))
-			i--
-			dAtA[i] = 0xa
-			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(baseI-i))
-			i--
-			dAtA[i] = 0x12
+	if m.Presence != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.Presence.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
 		}
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x12
 	}
-	if m.Clock != 0 {
-		i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Clock))
+	if m.Type != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Type))
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0x8
 	}
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Client) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+func (m *Presence) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
 	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
@@ -6232,12 +6388,12 @@ func (m *Client) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	return dAtA[:n], nil
 }
 
-func (m *Client) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+func (m *Presence) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
 }
 
-func (m *Client) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+func (m *Presence) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	i := len(dAtA)
 	_ = i
 	var l int
@@ -6246,24 +6402,24 @@ func (m *Client) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
-	if m.Presence != nil {
-		{
-			size, err := m.Presence.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			i -= size
-			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+	if len(m.Data) > 0 {
+		for k := range m.Data {
+			v := m.Data[k]
+			baseI := i
+			i -= len(v)
+			copy(dAtA[i:], v)
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(v)))
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0x12
+			i -= len(k)
+			copy(dAtA[i:], k)
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(k)))
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0xa
+			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(baseI-i))
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0xa
 		}
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0x12
-	}
-	if len(m.Id) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.Id)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Id)
-		i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Id)))
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0xa
 	}
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
@@ -6422,22 +6578,10 @@ func (m *DocEvent) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
-	if len(m.DocumentId) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.DocumentId)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.DocumentId)
-		i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.DocumentId)))
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0x1a
-	}
-	if m.Publisher != nil {
-		{
-			size, err := m.Publisher.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			i -= size
-			i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
-		}
+	if len(m.Publisher) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.Publisher)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Publisher)
+		i = encodeVarintResources(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Publisher)))
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0x12
 	}
@@ -6460,6 +6604,35 @@ func encodeVarintResources(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
 	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
 	return base
 }
+func (m *Snapshot) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.Root != nil {
+		l = m.Root.Size()
+		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
+	}
+	if len(m.Presences) > 0 {
+		for k, v := range m.Presences {
+			_ = k
+			_ = v
+			l = 0
+			if v != nil {
+				l = v.Size()
+				l += 1 + sovResources(uint64(l))
+			}
+			mapEntrySize := 1 + len(k) + sovResources(uint64(len(k))) + l
+			n += mapEntrySize + 1 + sovResources(uint64(mapEntrySize))
+		}
+	}
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 func (m *ChangePack) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -6517,6 +6690,10 @@ func (m *Change) Size() (n int) {
 			n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
 		}
 	}
+	if m.PresenceChange != nil {
+		l = m.PresenceChange.Size()
+		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
+	}
 	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
 		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
@@ -7663,22 +7840,18 @@ func (m *DocumentSummary) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
-func (m *Presence) Size() (n int) {
+func (m *PresenceChange) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
 	var l int
 	_ = l
-	if m.Clock != 0 {
-		n += 1 + sovResources(uint64(m.Clock))
+	if m.Type != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovResources(uint64(m.Type))
 	}
-	if len(m.Data) > 0 {
-		for k, v := range m.Data {
-			_ = k
-			_ = v
-			mapEntrySize := 1 + len(k) + sovResources(uint64(len(k))) + 1 + len(v) + sovResources(uint64(len(v)))
-			n += mapEntrySize + 1 + sovResources(uint64(mapEntrySize))
-		}
+	if m.Presence != nil {
+		l = m.Presence.Size()
+		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
 	}
 	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
 		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
@@ -7686,19 +7859,19 @@ func (m *Presence) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
-func (m *Client) Size() (n int) {
+func (m *Presence) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
 	var l int
 	_ = l
-	l = len(m.Id)
-	if l > 0 {
-		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
-	}
-	if m.Presence != nil {
-		l = m.Presence.Size()
-		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
+	if len(m.Data) > 0 {
+		for k, v := range m.Data {
+			_ = k
+			_ = v
+			mapEntrySize := 1 + len(k) + sovResources(uint64(len(k))) + 1 + len(v) + sovResources(uint64(len(v)))
+			n += mapEntrySize + 1 + sovResources(uint64(mapEntrySize))
+		}
 	}
 	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
 		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
@@ -7777,11 +7950,7 @@ func (m *DocEvent) Size() (n int) {
 	if m.Type != 0 {
 		n += 1 + sovResources(uint64(m.Type))
 	}
-	if m.Publisher != nil {
-		l = m.Publisher.Size()
-		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
-	}
-	l = len(m.DocumentId)
+	l = len(m.Publisher)
 	if l > 0 {
 		n += 1 + l + sovResources(uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -7797,6 +7966,222 @@ func sovResources(x uint64) (n int) {
 func sozResources(x uint64) (n int) {
 	return sovResources(uint64((x << 1) ^ uint64((int64(x) >> 63))))
 }
+func (m *Snapshot) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowResources
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Snapshot: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Snapshot: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Root", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowResources
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			if m.Root == nil {
+				m.Root = &JSONElement{}
+			}
+			if err := m.Root.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 2:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Presences", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowResources
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			if m.Presences == nil {
+				m.Presences = make(map[string]*Presence)
+			}
+			var mapkey string
+			var mapvalue *Presence
+			for iNdEx < postIndex {
+				entryPreIndex := iNdEx
+				var wire uint64
+				for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+					if shift >= 64 {
+						return ErrIntOverflowResources
+					}
+					if iNdEx >= l {
+						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+					}
+					b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+					iNdEx++
+					wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+					if b < 0x80 {
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+				if fieldNum == 1 {
+					var stringLenmapkey uint64
+					for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+						if shift >= 64 {
+							return ErrIntOverflowResources
+						}
+						if iNdEx >= l {
+							return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+						}
+						b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+						iNdEx++
+						stringLenmapkey |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+						if b < 0x80 {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					intStringLenmapkey := int(stringLenmapkey)
+					if intStringLenmapkey < 0 {
+						return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+					}
+					postStringIndexmapkey := iNdEx + intStringLenmapkey
+					if postStringIndexmapkey < 0 {
+						return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+					}
+					if postStringIndexmapkey > l {
+						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+					}
+					mapkey = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postStringIndexmapkey])
+					iNdEx = postStringIndexmapkey
+				} else if fieldNum == 2 {
+					var mapmsglen int
+					for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+						if shift >= 64 {
+							return ErrIntOverflowResources
+						}
+						if iNdEx >= l {
+							return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+						}
+						b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+						iNdEx++
+						mapmsglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+						if b < 0x80 {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if mapmsglen < 0 {
+						return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+					}
+					postmsgIndex := iNdEx + mapmsglen
+					if postmsgIndex < 0 {
+						return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+					}
+					if postmsgIndex > l {
+						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+					}
+					mapvalue = &Presence{}
+					if err := mapvalue.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postmsgIndex]); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					iNdEx = postmsgIndex
+				} else {
+					iNdEx = entryPreIndex
+					skippy, err := skipResources(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+						return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+					}
+					if (iNdEx + skippy) > postIndex {
+						return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+					}
+					iNdEx += skippy
+				}
+			}
+			m.Presences[mapkey] = mapvalue
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipResources(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 func (m *ChangePack) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
@@ -8135,11 +8520,45 @@ func (m *Change) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.Message = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			m.Message = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 3:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Operations", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowResources
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Operations = append(m.Operations, &Operation{})
+			if err := m.Operations[len(m.Operations)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 3:
+		case 4:
 			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Operations", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field PresenceChange", wireType)
 			}
 			var msglen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
@@ -8166,8 +8585,10 @@ func (m *Change) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.Operations = append(m.Operations, &Operation{})
-			if err := m.Operations[len(m.Operations)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+			if m.PresenceChange == nil {
+				m.PresenceChange = &PresenceChange{}
+			}
+			if err := m.PresenceChange.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
@@ -15235,7 +15656,7 @@ func (m *DocumentSummary) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-func (m *Presence) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+func (m *PresenceChange) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
 	for iNdEx < l {
@@ -15258,17 +15679,17 @@ func (m *Presence) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
 		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
 		if wireType == 4 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Presence: wiretype end group for non-group")
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: PresenceChange: wiretype end group for non-group")
 		}
 		if fieldNum <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Presence: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: PresenceChange: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
 		}
 		switch fieldNum {
 		case 1:
 			if wireType != 0 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Clock", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Type", wireType)
 			}
-			m.Clock = 0
+			m.Type = 0
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowResources
@@ -15278,12 +15699,99 @@ func (m *Presence) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				m.Clock |= int32(b&0x7F) << shift
+				m.Type |= PresenceChange_ChangeType(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
 		case 2:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Presence", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowResources
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			if m.Presence == nil {
+				m.Presence = &Presence{}
+			}
+			if err := m.Presence.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipResources(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *Presence) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowResources
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Presence: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Presence: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
 			if wireType != 2 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Data", wireType)
 			}
@@ -15432,127 +15940,6 @@ func (m *Presence) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-func (m *Client) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
-	l := len(dAtA)
-	iNdEx := 0
-	for iNdEx < l {
-		preIndex := iNdEx
-		var wire uint64
-		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-			if shift >= 64 {
-				return ErrIntOverflowResources
-			}
-			if iNdEx >= l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-			iNdEx++
-			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-			if b < 0x80 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
-		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
-		if wireType == 4 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Client: wiretype end group for non-group")
-		}
-		if fieldNum <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Client: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
-		}
-		switch fieldNum {
-		case 1:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Id", wireType)
-			}
-			var byteLen int
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return ErrIntOverflowResources
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if byteLen < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.Id = append(m.Id[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
-			if m.Id == nil {
-				m.Id = []byte{}
-			}
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 2:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Presence", wireType)
-			}
-			var msglen int
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return ErrIntOverflowResources
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			if m.Presence == nil {
-				m.Presence = &Presence{}
-			}
-			if err := m.Presence.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		default:
-			iNdEx = preIndex
-			skippy, err := skipResources(dAtA[iNdEx:])
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
-			iNdEx += skippy
-		}
-	}
-
-	if iNdEx > l {
-		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 func (m *Checkpoint) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
@@ -15942,7 +16329,7 @@ func (m *DocEvent) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			if wireType != 2 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Publisher", wireType)
 			}
-			var msglen int
+			var byteLen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowResources
@@ -15952,59 +16339,25 @@ func (m *DocEvent) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
+			if byteLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
+			m.Publisher = append(m.Publisher[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
 			if m.Publisher == nil {
-				m.Publisher = &Client{}
-			}
-			if err := m.Publisher.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 3:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field DocumentId", wireType)
-			}
-			var stringLen uint64
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return ErrIntOverflowResources
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthResources
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				m.Publisher = []byte{}
 			}
-			m.DocumentId = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
diff --git a/api/yorkie/v1/resources.proto b/api/yorkie/v1/resources.proto
index d695f363a..46d879aad 100644
--- a/api/yorkie/v1/resources.proto
+++ b/api/yorkie/v1/resources.proto
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ option go_package = ".;v1";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
 option java_package = "dev.yorkie.api.v1";
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+// Messages for Snapshot               //
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+message Snapshot {
+  JSONElement root = 1;
+  map<string, Presence> presences = 2;
+}
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////
 // Messages for ChangePack             //
 /////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -44,6 +52,7 @@ message Change {
   ChangeID id = 1;
   string message = 2;
   repeated Operation operations = 3;
+  PresenceChange presence_change = 4;
 }
 
 message ChangeID {
@@ -284,14 +293,19 @@ message DocumentSummary {
   google.protobuf.Timestamp updated_at = 6;
 }
 
-message Presence {
-  int32 clock = 1;
-  map<string, string> data = 2;
+message PresenceChange {
+  enum ChangeType {
+    CHANGE_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    CHANGE_TYPE_PUT = 1;
+    CHANGE_TYPE_DELETE = 2;
+    CHANGE_TYPE_CLEAR = 3;
+  }
+  ChangeType type = 1;
+  Presence presence = 2;
 }
 
-message Client {
-  bytes id = 1;
-  Presence presence = 2;
+message Presence {
+  map<string, string> data = 1;
 }
 
 message Checkpoint {
@@ -332,11 +346,9 @@ enum DocEventType {
   DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_CHANGED = 0;
   DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_WATCHED = 1;
   DOC_EVENT_TYPE_DOCUMENTS_UNWATCHED = 2;
-  DOC_EVENT_TYPE_PRESENCE_CHANGED = 3;
 }
 
 message DocEvent {
   DocEventType type = 1;
-  Client publisher = 2;
-  string document_id = 3;
+  bytes publisher = 2;
 }
diff --git a/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.pb.go b/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.pb.go
index 543a706b5..0bd73bedd 100644
--- a/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.pb.go
+++ b/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.pb.go
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func (m *DetachDocumentResponse) GetChangePack() *ChangePack {
 }
 
 type WatchDocumentRequest struct {
-	Client               *Client  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=client,proto3" json:"client,omitempty"`
+	ClientId             []byte   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=client_id,json=clientId,proto3" json:"client_id,omitempty"`
 	DocumentId           string   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=document_id,json=documentId,proto3" json:"document_id,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
 	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
@@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
 
 var xxx_messageInfo_WatchDocumentRequest proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) GetClient() *Client {
+func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) GetClientId() []byte {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.Client
+		return m.ClientId
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -610,10 +610,10 @@ func (*WatchDocumentResponse) XXX_OneofWrappers() []interface{} {
 }
 
 type WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization struct {
-	Peers                []*Client `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=peers,proto3" json:"peers,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}  `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte    `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32     `json:"-"`
+	ClientIds            [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=client_ids,json=clientIds,proto3" json:"client_ids,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) Reset()         { *m = WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization{} }
@@ -649,9 +649,9 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
 
 var xxx_messageInfo_WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization proto.InternalMessageInfo
 
-func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) GetPeers() []*Client {
+func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) GetClientIds() [][]byte {
 	if m != nil {
-		return m.Peers
+		return m.ClientIds
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -900,100 +900,6 @@ func (m *PushPullChangesResponse) GetChangePack() *ChangePack {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type UpdatePresenceRequest struct {
-	Client               *Client  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=client,proto3" json:"client,omitempty"`
-	DocumentId           string   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=document_id,json=documentId,proto3" json:"document_id,omitempty"`
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) Reset()         { *m = UpdatePresenceRequest{} }
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
-func (*UpdatePresenceRequest) ProtoMessage()    {}
-func (*UpdatePresenceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_40070c858814ab24, []int{14}
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
-	return m.Unmarshal(b)
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
-	if deterministic {
-		return xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceRequest.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
-	} else {
-		b = b[:cap(b)]
-		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return b[:n], nil
-	}
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
-	xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceRequest.Merge(m, src)
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) XXX_Size() int {
-	return m.Size()
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
-	xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceRequest.DiscardUnknown(m)
-}
-
-var xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceRequest proto.InternalMessageInfo
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) GetClient() *Client {
-	if m != nil {
-		return m.Client
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) GetDocumentId() string {
-	if m != nil {
-		return m.DocumentId
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type UpdatePresenceResponse struct {
-	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
-	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
-	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) Reset()         { *m = UpdatePresenceResponse{} }
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
-func (*UpdatePresenceResponse) ProtoMessage()    {}
-func (*UpdatePresenceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_40070c858814ab24, []int{15}
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
-	return m.Unmarshal(b)
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
-	if deterministic {
-		return xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceResponse.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
-	} else {
-		b = b[:cap(b)]
-		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return b[:n], nil
-	}
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
-	xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceResponse.Merge(m, src)
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) XXX_Size() int {
-	return m.Size()
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
-	xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceResponse.DiscardUnknown(m)
-}
-
-var xxx_messageInfo_UpdatePresenceResponse proto.InternalMessageInfo
-
 func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*ActivateClientRequest)(nil), "yorkie.v1.ActivateClientRequest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*ActivateClientResponse)(nil), "yorkie.v1.ActivateClientResponse")
@@ -1010,59 +916,54 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*RemoveDocumentResponse)(nil), "yorkie.v1.RemoveDocumentResponse")
 	proto.RegisterType((*PushPullChangesRequest)(nil), "yorkie.v1.PushPullChangesRequest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*PushPullChangesResponse)(nil), "yorkie.v1.PushPullChangesResponse")
-	proto.RegisterType((*UpdatePresenceRequest)(nil), "yorkie.v1.UpdatePresenceRequest")
-	proto.RegisterType((*UpdatePresenceResponse)(nil), "yorkie.v1.UpdatePresenceResponse")
 }
 
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("yorkie/v1/yorkie.proto", fileDescriptor_40070c858814ab24) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_40070c858814ab24 = []byte{
-	// 712 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xcc, 0x56, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0xd3, 0x4c,
-	0x10, 0xcd, 0x7e, 0xfd, 0x51, 0x33, 0xf9, 0x1a, 0xe8, 0x16, 0xbb, 0x21, 0x15, 0x69, 0x30, 0x17,
-	0x14, 0x55, 0x4a, 0x49, 0x2b, 0x15, 0x21, 0xae, 0xda, 0x06, 0xa9, 0x15, 0x12, 0x44, 0xe6, 0xa7,
-	0x6a, 0x25, 0x64, 0xb9, 0xf6, 0x94, 0x58, 0x71, 0xbd, 0xc6, 0x76, 0x2c, 0x85, 0x77, 0x80, 0x6b,
-	0xde, 0x81, 0xb7, 0xe0, 0x8a, 0x4b, 0xde, 0x00, 0x14, 0x5e, 0x04, 0xc5, 0xeb, 0x86, 0xac, 0xb3,
-	0xa4, 0xa1, 0x52, 0x04, 0x77, 0xf6, 0xee, 0x9c, 0x33, 0x67, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x76, 0x0c, 0x6a, 0x97,
-	0x05, 0x6d, 0x07, 0x37, 0xe3, 0xfa, 0x26, 0x7f, 0xaa, 0xf9, 0x01, 0x8b, 0x18, 0xcd, 0xa7, 0x6f,
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+	0x50, 0x80, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
@@ -1079,7 +980,6 @@ const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion4
 type YorkieServiceClient interface {
 	ActivateClient(ctx context.Context, in *ActivateClientRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ActivateClientResponse, error)
 	DeactivateClient(ctx context.Context, in *DeactivateClientRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DeactivateClientResponse, error)
-	UpdatePresence(ctx context.Context, in *UpdatePresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*UpdatePresenceResponse, error)
 	AttachDocument(ctx context.Context, in *AttachDocumentRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AttachDocumentResponse, error)
 	DetachDocument(ctx context.Context, in *DetachDocumentRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DetachDocumentResponse, error)
 	RemoveDocument(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveDocumentRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveDocumentResponse, error)
@@ -1113,15 +1013,6 @@ func (c *yorkieServiceClient) DeactivateClient(ctx context.Context, in *Deactiva
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *yorkieServiceClient) UpdatePresence(ctx context.Context, in *UpdatePresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*UpdatePresenceResponse, error) {
-	out := new(UpdatePresenceResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/yorkie.v1.YorkieService/UpdatePresence", in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 func (c *yorkieServiceClient) AttachDocument(ctx context.Context, in *AttachDocumentRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AttachDocumentResponse, error) {
 	out := new(AttachDocumentResponse)
 	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/yorkie.v1.YorkieService/AttachDocument", in, out, opts...)
@@ -1194,7 +1085,6 @@ func (x *yorkieServiceWatchDocumentClient) Recv() (*WatchDocumentResponse, error
 type YorkieServiceServer interface {
 	ActivateClient(context.Context, *ActivateClientRequest) (*ActivateClientResponse, error)
 	DeactivateClient(context.Context, *DeactivateClientRequest) (*DeactivateClientResponse, error)
-	UpdatePresence(context.Context, *UpdatePresenceRequest) (*UpdatePresenceResponse, error)
 	AttachDocument(context.Context, *AttachDocumentRequest) (*AttachDocumentResponse, error)
 	DetachDocument(context.Context, *DetachDocumentRequest) (*DetachDocumentResponse, error)
 	RemoveDocument(context.Context, *RemoveDocumentRequest) (*RemoveDocumentResponse, error)
@@ -1212,9 +1102,6 @@ func (*UnimplementedYorkieServiceServer) ActivateClient(ctx context.Context, req
 func (*UnimplementedYorkieServiceServer) DeactivateClient(ctx context.Context, req *DeactivateClientRequest) (*DeactivateClientResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeactivateClient not implemented")
 }
-func (*UnimplementedYorkieServiceServer) UpdatePresence(ctx context.Context, req *UpdatePresenceRequest) (*UpdatePresenceResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UpdatePresence not implemented")
-}
 func (*UnimplementedYorkieServiceServer) AttachDocument(ctx context.Context, req *AttachDocumentRequest) (*AttachDocumentResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method AttachDocument not implemented")
 }
@@ -1271,24 +1158,6 @@ func _YorkieService_DeactivateClient_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Contex
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
-func _YorkieService_UpdatePresence_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(UpdatePresenceRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(YorkieServiceServer).UpdatePresence(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/yorkie.v1.YorkieService/UpdatePresence",
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(YorkieServiceServer).UpdatePresence(ctx, req.(*UpdatePresenceRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 func _YorkieService_AttachDocument_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(AttachDocumentRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1394,10 +1263,6 @@ var _YorkieService_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "DeactivateClient",
 			Handler:    _YorkieService_DeactivateClient_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "UpdatePresence",
-			Handler:    _YorkieService_UpdatePresence_Handler,
-		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "AttachDocument",
 			Handler:    _YorkieService_AttachDocument_Handler,
@@ -1807,15 +1672,10 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0x12
 	}
-	if m.Client != nil {
-		{
-			size, err := m.Client.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			i -= size
-			i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
-		}
+	if len(m.ClientId) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.ClientId)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.ClientId)
+		i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.ClientId)))
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0xa
 	}
@@ -1924,16 +1784,11 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte)
 		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
 		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
 	}
-	if len(m.Peers) > 0 {
-		for iNdEx := len(m.Peers) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
-			{
-				size, err := m.Peers[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
-				if err != nil {
-					return 0, err
-				}
-				i -= size
-				i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
-			}
+	if len(m.ClientIds) > 0 {
+		for iNdEx := len(m.ClientIds) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
+			i -= len(m.ClientIds[iNdEx])
+			copy(dAtA[i:], m.ClientIds[iNdEx])
+			i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.ClientIds[iNdEx])))
 			i--
 			dAtA[i] = 0xa
 		}
@@ -2149,79 +2004,6 @@ func (m *PushPullChangesResponse) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error)
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
-	size := m.Size()
-	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
-	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return dAtA[:n], nil
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	size := m.Size()
-	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	i := len(dAtA)
-	_ = i
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
-	if len(m.DocumentId) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.DocumentId)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.DocumentId)
-		i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.DocumentId)))
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0x12
-	}
-	if m.Client != nil {
-		{
-			size, err := m.Client.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			i -= size
-			i = encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
-		}
-		i--
-		dAtA[i] = 0xa
-	}
-	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
-	size := m.Size()
-	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
-	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return dAtA[:n], nil
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	size := m.Size()
-	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
-	i := len(dAtA)
-	_ = i
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
-	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
-}
-
 func encodeVarintYorkie(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
 	offset -= sovYorkie(v)
 	base := offset
@@ -2398,8 +2180,8 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) Size() (n int) {
 	}
 	var l int
 	_ = l
-	if m.Client != nil {
-		l = m.Client.Size()
+	l = len(m.ClientId)
+	if l > 0 {
 		n += 1 + l + sovYorkie(uint64(l))
 	}
 	l = len(m.DocumentId)
@@ -2457,9 +2239,9 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) Size() (n int) {
 	}
 	var l int
 	_ = l
-	if len(m.Peers) > 0 {
-		for _, e := range m.Peers {
-			l = e.Size()
+	if len(m.ClientIds) > 0 {
+		for _, b := range m.ClientIds {
+			l = len(b)
 			n += 1 + l + sovYorkie(uint64(l))
 		}
 	}
@@ -2560,38 +2342,6 @@ func (m *PushPullChangesResponse) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) Size() (n int) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.Client != nil {
-		l = m.Client.Size()
-		n += 1 + l + sovYorkie(uint64(l))
-	}
-	l = len(m.DocumentId)
-	if l > 0 {
-		n += 1 + l + sovYorkie(uint64(l))
-	}
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
-	return n
-}
-
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) Size() (n int) {
-	if m == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
-	return n
-}
-
 func sovYorkie(x uint64) (n int) {
 	return (math_bits.Len64(x|1) + 6) / 7
 }
@@ -3565,9 +3315,9 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 		switch fieldNum {
 		case 1:
 			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Client", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field ClientId", wireType)
 			}
-			var msglen int
+			var byteLen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
@@ -3577,26 +3327,24 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentRequest) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
+			if byteLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			if m.Client == nil {
-				m.Client = &Client{}
-			}
-			if err := m.Client.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
+			m.ClientId = append(m.ClientId[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+			if m.ClientId == nil {
+				m.ClientId = []byte{}
 			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		case 2:
@@ -3805,9 +3553,9 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 		switch fieldNum {
 		case 1:
 			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Peers", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field ClientIds", wireType)
 			}
-			var msglen int
+			var byteLen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
@@ -3817,25 +3565,23 @@ func (m *WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
+			if byteLen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.Peers = append(m.Peers, &Client{})
-			if err := m.Peers[len(m.Peers)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			m.ClientIds = append(m.ClientIds, make([]byte, postIndex-iNdEx))
+			copy(m.ClientIds[len(m.ClientIds)-1], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
@@ -4425,176 +4171,6 @@ func (m *PushPullChangesResponse) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-func (m *UpdatePresenceRequest) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
-	l := len(dAtA)
-	iNdEx := 0
-	for iNdEx < l {
-		preIndex := iNdEx
-		var wire uint64
-		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-			if shift >= 64 {
-				return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
-			}
-			if iNdEx >= l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-			iNdEx++
-			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-			if b < 0x80 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
-		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
-		if wireType == 4 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: UpdatePresenceRequest: wiretype end group for non-group")
-		}
-		if fieldNum <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: UpdatePresenceRequest: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
-		}
-		switch fieldNum {
-		case 1:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Client", wireType)
-			}
-			var msglen int
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if msglen < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			if m.Client == nil {
-				m.Client = &Client{}
-			}
-			if err := m.Client.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		case 2:
-			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field DocumentId", wireType)
-			}
-			var stringLen uint64
-			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-				if shift >= 64 {
-					return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
-				}
-				if iNdEx >= l {
-					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				}
-				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-				if b < 0x80 {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
-			if postIndex < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			if postIndex > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.DocumentId = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
-			iNdEx = postIndex
-		default:
-			iNdEx = preIndex
-			skippy, err := skipYorkie(dAtA[iNdEx:])
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
-			iNdEx += skippy
-		}
-	}
-
-	if iNdEx > l {
-		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-func (m *UpdatePresenceResponse) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
-	l := len(dAtA)
-	iNdEx := 0
-	for iNdEx < l {
-		preIndex := iNdEx
-		var wire uint64
-		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
-			if shift >= 64 {
-				return ErrIntOverflowYorkie
-			}
-			if iNdEx >= l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
-			iNdEx++
-			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
-			if b < 0x80 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
-		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
-		if wireType == 4 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: UpdatePresenceResponse: wiretype end group for non-group")
-		}
-		if fieldNum <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("proto: UpdatePresenceResponse: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
-		}
-		switch fieldNum {
-		default:
-			iNdEx = preIndex
-			skippy, err := skipYorkie(dAtA[iNdEx:])
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
-				return ErrInvalidLengthYorkie
-			}
-			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
-				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-			}
-			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
-			iNdEx += skippy
-		}
-	}
-
-	if iNdEx > l {
-		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 func skipYorkie(dAtA []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
diff --git a/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.proto b/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.proto
index 0acf21d99..b4f0eda6a 100644
--- a/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.proto
+++ b/api/yorkie/v1/yorkie.proto
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ option java_package = "dev.yorkie.api.v1";
 service YorkieService {
   rpc ActivateClient (ActivateClientRequest) returns (ActivateClientResponse) {}
   rpc DeactivateClient (DeactivateClientRequest) returns (DeactivateClientResponse) {}
-  rpc UpdatePresence (UpdatePresenceRequest) returns (UpdatePresenceResponse) {}
 
   rpc AttachDocument (AttachDocumentRequest) returns (AttachDocumentResponse) {}
   rpc DetachDocument (DetachDocumentRequest) returns (DetachDocumentResponse) {}
@@ -79,13 +78,13 @@ message DetachDocumentResponse {
 }
 
 message WatchDocumentRequest {
-  Client client = 1;
+  bytes client_id = 1;
   string document_id = 2;
 }
 
 message WatchDocumentResponse {
   message Initialization {
-    repeated Client peers = 1;
+    repeated bytes client_ids = 1;
   }
 
   oneof body {
@@ -116,10 +115,3 @@ message PushPullChangesResponse {
   bytes client_id = 1;
   ChangePack change_pack = 2;
 }
-
-message UpdatePresenceRequest {
-  Client client = 1;
-  string document_id = 2;
-}
-
-message UpdatePresenceResponse {}
diff --git a/client/client.go b/client/client.go
index d8d952342..655433967 100644
--- a/client/client.go
+++ b/client/client.go
@@ -24,19 +24,21 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
-
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/converter"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
@@ -65,26 +67,10 @@ var (
 	ErrUnsupportedWatchResponseType = errors.New("unsupported watch response type")
 )
 
-// SyncOption is an option for sync. It contains the key of the document to
-// sync and the sync mode.
-type SyncOption struct {
-	key  key.Key
-	mode types.SyncMode
-}
-
-// WithPushOnly returns a SyncOption with the sync mode set to PushOnly.
-func (o SyncOption) WithPushOnly() SyncOption {
-	return SyncOption{
-		key:  o.key,
-		mode: types.SyncModePushOnly,
-	}
-}
-
-// Attachment represents the document attached and peers.
+// Attachment represents the document attached.
 type Attachment struct {
 	doc   *document.Document
 	docID types.ID
-	peers map[string]types.PresenceInfo
 }
 
 // Client is a normal client that can communicate with the server.
@@ -97,11 +83,10 @@ type Client struct {
 	dialOptions []grpc.DialOption
 	logger      *zap.Logger
 
-	id           *time.ActorID
-	key          string
-	presenceInfo types.PresenceInfo
-	status       status
-	attachments  map[key.Key]*Attachment
+	id          *time.ActorID
+	key         string
+	status      status
+	attachments map[key.Key]*Attachment
 }
 
 // WatchResponseType is type of watch response.
@@ -109,16 +94,17 @@ type WatchResponseType string
 
 // The values below are types of WatchResponseType.
 const (
-	DocumentsChanged WatchResponseType = "documents-changed"
-	PeersChanged     WatchResponseType = "peers-changed"
+	DocumentChanged   WatchResponseType = "document-changed"
+	DocumentWatched   WatchResponseType = "document-watched"
+	DocumentUnwatched WatchResponseType = "document-unwatched"
+	PresenceChanged   WatchResponseType = "presence-changed"
 )
 
 // WatchResponse is a structure representing response of Watch.
 type WatchResponse struct {
-	Type          WatchResponseType
-	Key           key.Key
-	PeersMapByDoc map[key.Key]map[string]types.Presence
-	Err           error
+	Type      WatchResponseType
+	Presences map[string]innerpresence.Presence
+	Err       error
 }
 
 // New creates an instance of Client.
@@ -133,11 +119,6 @@ func New(opts ...Option) (*Client, error) {
 		k = xid.New().String()
 	}
 
-	presence := types.Presence{}
-	if options.Presence != nil {
-		presence = options.Presence
-	}
-
 	var dialOptions []grpc.DialOption
 
 	transportCreds := grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials())
@@ -172,10 +153,9 @@ func New(opts ...Option) (*Client, error) {
 		options:     options,
 		logger:      logger,
 
-		key:          k,
-		presenceInfo: types.PresenceInfo{Presence: presence},
-		status:       deactivated,
-		attachments:  make(map[key.Key]*Attachment),
+		key:         k,
+		status:      deactivated,
+		attachments: make(map[key.Key]*Attachment),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +245,7 @@ func (c *Client) Deactivate(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // Attach attaches the given document to this client. It tells the server that
 // this client will synchronize the given document.
-func (c *Client) Attach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document) error {
+func (c *Client) Attach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document, options ...AttachOption) error {
 	if c.status != activated {
 		return ErrClientNotActivated
 	}
@@ -274,8 +254,20 @@ func (c *Client) Attach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document) error {
 		return ErrDocumentNotDetached
 	}
 
+	opts := &AttachOptions{}
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		opt(opts)
+	}
+
 	doc.SetActor(c.id)
 
+	if err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+		p.Initialize(opts.Presence)
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	pbChangePack, err := converter.ToChangePack(doc.CreateChangePack())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -316,7 +308,6 @@ func (c *Client) Attach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document) error {
 	c.attachments[doc.Key()] = &Attachment{
 		doc:   doc,
 		docID: types.ID(res.DocumentId),
-		peers: make(map[string]types.PresenceInfo),
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -328,16 +319,28 @@ func (c *Client) Attach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document) error {
 // To collect garbage things like CRDT tombstones left on the document, all the
 // changes should be applied to other replicas before GC time. For this, if the
 // document is no longer used by this client, it should be detached.
-func (c *Client) Detach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document, removeIfNotAttached bool) error {
+func (c *Client) Detach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document, options ...DetachOption) error {
 	if c.status != activated {
 		return ErrClientNotActivated
 	}
 
+	opts := &DetachOptions{}
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		opt(opts)
+	}
+
 	attachment, ok := c.attachments[doc.Key()]
 	if !ok {
 		return ErrDocumentNotAttached
 	}
 
+	if err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+		p.Clear()
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	pbChangePack, err := converter.ToChangePack(doc.CreateChangePack())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ func (c *Client) Detach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document, removeIfNot
 			ClientId:            c.id.Bytes(),
 			DocumentId:          attachment.docID.String(),
 			ChangePack:          pbChangePack,
-			RemoveIfNotAttached: removeIfNotAttached,
+			RemoveIfNotAttached: opts.removeIfNotAttached,
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -372,18 +375,10 @@ func (c *Client) Detach(ctx context.Context, doc *document.Document, removeIfNot
 	return nil
 }
 
-// WithDocKey creates a SyncOption with the given document key.
-func WithDocKey(k key.Key) SyncOption {
-	return SyncOption{
-		key:  k,
-		mode: types.SyncModePushPull,
-	}
-}
-
 // Sync pushes local changes of the attached documents to the server and
 // receives changes of the remote replica from the server then apply them to
 // local documents.
-func (c *Client) Sync(ctx context.Context, options ...SyncOption) error {
+func (c *Client) Sync(ctx context.Context, options ...SyncOptions) error {
 	if len(options) == 0 {
 		for _, attachment := range c.attachments {
 			options = append(options, WithDocKey(attachment.doc.Key()))
@@ -417,10 +412,7 @@ func (c *Client) Watch(
 	stream, err := c.client.WatchDocument(
 		withShardKey(ctx, c.options.APIKey, doc.Key().String()),
 		&api.WatchDocumentRequest{
-			Client: converter.ToClient(types.Client{
-				ID:           c.id,
-				PresenceInfo: c.presenceInfo,
-			}),
+			ClientId:   c.id.Bytes(),
 			DocumentId: attachment.docID.String(),
 		},
 	)
@@ -431,16 +423,16 @@ func (c *Client) Watch(
 	handleResponse := func(pbResp *api.WatchDocumentResponse) (*WatchResponse, error) {
 		switch resp := pbResp.Body.(type) {
 		case *api.WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization_:
-			clients, err := converter.FromClients(resp.Initialization.Peers)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			attachment := c.attachments[doc.Key()]
-			for _, cli := range clients {
-				attachment.peers[cli.ID.String()] = cli.PresenceInfo
+			var clientIDs []string
+			for _, clientID := range resp.Initialization.ClientIds {
+				id, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes(clientID)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				clientIDs = append(clientIDs, id.String())
 			}
 
+			doc.SetOnlineClientSet(clientIDs...)
 			return nil, nil
 		case *api.WatchDocumentResponse_Event:
 			eventType, err := converter.FromEventType(resp.Event.Type)
@@ -448,37 +440,35 @@ func (c *Client) Watch(
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			docKey, err := c.findDocKey(resp.Event.DocumentId)
+			cli, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes(resp.Event.Publisher)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
 			switch eventType {
 			case types.DocumentsChangedEvent:
-				return &WatchResponse{
-					Type: DocumentsChanged,
-					Key:  docKey,
-				}, nil
-			case types.DocumentsWatchedEvent, types.DocumentsUnwatchedEvent, types.PresenceChangedEvent:
-				cli, err := converter.FromClient(resp.Event.Publisher)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
+				return &WatchResponse{Type: DocumentChanged}, nil
+			case types.DocumentsWatchedEvent:
+				doc.AddOnlineClient(cli.String())
+				if doc.OnlinePresence(cli.String()) == nil {
+					return nil, nil
 				}
 
-				attachment := c.attachments[docKey]
-				if eventType == types.DocumentsWatchedEvent ||
-					eventType == types.PresenceChangedEvent {
-					if info, ok := attachment.peers[cli.ID.String()]; ok {
-						cli.PresenceInfo.Update(info)
-					}
-					attachment.peers[cli.ID.String()] = cli.PresenceInfo
-				} else {
-					delete(attachment.peers, cli.ID.String())
-				}
+				return &WatchResponse{
+					Type: DocumentWatched,
+					Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+						cli.String(): doc.OnlinePresence(cli.String()),
+					},
+				}, nil
+			case types.DocumentsUnwatchedEvent:
+				p := doc.OnlinePresence(cli.String())
+				doc.RemoveOnlineClient(cli.String())
 
 				return &WatchResponse{
-					Type:          PeersChanged,
-					PeersMapByDoc: c.PeersMapByDoc(),
+					Type: DocumentUnwatched,
+					Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+						cli.String(): p,
+					},
 				}, nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -507,10 +497,38 @@ func (c *Client) Watch(
 				close(rch)
 				return
 			}
+			if resp == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			rch <- *resp
 		}
 	}()
 
+	// TODO(hackerwins): We need to revise the implementation of the watch
+	// event handling. Currently, we are using the same channel for both
+	// document events and watch events. This is not ideal because the
+	// client cannot distinguish between document events and watch events.
+	// We'll expose only document events and watch events will be handled
+	// internally.
+
+	// TODO(hackerwins): We should ensure that the goroutine is closed when
+	// the stream is closed.
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case e := <-doc.Events():
+				t := PresenceChanged
+				if e.Type == document.WatchedEvent {
+					t = DocumentWatched
+				}
+				rch <- WatchResponse{Type: t, Presences: e.Presences}
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
 	return rch, nil
 }
 
@@ -524,41 +542,6 @@ func (c *Client) findDocKey(docID string) (key.Key, error) {
 	return "", ErrDocumentNotAttached
 }
 
-// UpdatePresence updates the presence of this client.
-func (c *Client) UpdatePresence(ctx context.Context, k, v string) error {
-	if c.status != activated {
-		return ErrClientNotActivated
-	}
-
-	c.presenceInfo.Presence[k] = v
-	c.presenceInfo.Clock++
-
-	if len(c.attachments) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// TODO(hackerwins): We temporarily use Unary Call to update presence,
-	// because grpc-web can't handle Bi-Directional streaming for now.
-	// After grpc-web supports bi-directional streaming, we can remove the
-	// following.
-	// TODO(hackerwins): We will move Presence from client-level to document-level.
-	for _, attachment := range c.attachments {
-		if _, err := c.client.UpdatePresence(
-			withShardKey(ctx, c.options.APIKey, attachment.doc.Key().String()),
-			&api.UpdatePresenceRequest{
-				Client: converter.ToClient(types.Client{
-					ID:           c.id,
-					PresenceInfo: c.presenceInfo,
-				}),
-				DocumentId: attachment.docID.String(),
-			}); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // ID returns the ID of this client.
 func (c *Client) ID() *time.ActorID {
 	return c.id
@@ -569,36 +552,13 @@ func (c *Client) Key() string {
 	return c.key
 }
 
-// Presence returns the presence data of this client.
-func (c *Client) Presence() types.Presence {
-	presence := make(types.Presence)
-	for k, v := range c.presenceInfo.Presence {
-		presence[k] = v
-	}
-
-	return presence
-}
-
-// PeersMapByDoc returns the peersMap.
-func (c *Client) PeersMapByDoc() map[key.Key]map[string]types.Presence {
-	peersMapByDoc := make(map[key.Key]map[string]types.Presence)
-	for docKey, attachment := range c.attachments {
-		peers := make(map[string]types.Presence)
-		for id, info := range attachment.peers {
-			peers[id] = info.Presence
-		}
-		peersMapByDoc[docKey] = peers
-	}
-	return peersMapByDoc
-}
-
 // IsActive returns whether this client is active or not.
 func (c *Client) IsActive() bool {
 	return c.status == activated
 }
 
 // pushPullChanges pushes the changes of the document to the server and pulls the changes from the server.
-func (c *Client) pushPullChanges(ctx context.Context, opt SyncOption) error {
+func (c *Client) pushPullChanges(ctx context.Context, opt SyncOptions) error {
 	if c.status != activated {
 		return ErrClientNotActivated
 	}
diff --git a/client/client_test.go b/client/client_test.go
index 0b1539af0..e7a32877b 100644
--- a/client/client_test.go
+++ b/client/client_test.go
@@ -78,13 +78,10 @@ func (s *testYorkieServer) Stop() {
 
 func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("create instance test", func(t *testing.T) {
-		presence := types.Presence{"Name": "ClientName"}
-		cli, err := client.New(
+		_, err := client.New(
 			client.WithToken(xid.New().String()),
-			client.WithPresence(presence),
 		)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, presence, cli.Presence())
 	})
 
 	t.Run("x-shard-key test", func(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/client/options.go b/client/options.go
index ba84db28b..82c50f1a3 100644
--- a/client/options.go
+++ b/client/options.go
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
 )
 
 // Option configures Options.
@@ -30,9 +32,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	// Key is the key of the client. It is used to identify the client.
 	Key string
 
-	// Presence is the presence of the client.
-	Presence types.Presence
-
 	// APIKey is the API key of the client.
 	APIKey string
 
@@ -57,11 +56,6 @@ func WithKey(key string) Option {
 	return func(o *Options) { o.Key = key }
 }
 
-// WithPresence configures the presence of the client.
-func WithPresence(presence types.Presence) Option {
-	return func(o *Options) { o.Presence = presence }
-}
-
 // WithAPIKey configures the API key of the client.
 func WithAPIKey(apiKey string) Option {
 	return func(o *Options) { o.APIKey = apiKey }
@@ -91,3 +85,53 @@ func WithLogger(logger *zap.Logger) Option {
 func WithMaxRecvMsgSize(maxRecvMsgSize int) Option {
 	return func(o *Options) { o.MaxCallRecvMsgSize = maxRecvMsgSize }
 }
+
+// AttachOption configures AttachOptions.
+type AttachOption func(*AttachOptions)
+
+// AttachOptions configures how we set up the document.
+type AttachOptions struct {
+	// Presence is the presence of the client.
+	Presence innerpresence.Presence
+}
+
+// WithPresence configures the presence of the client.
+func WithPresence(presence innerpresence.Presence) AttachOption {
+	return func(o *AttachOptions) { o.Presence = presence }
+}
+
+// DetachOption configures DetachOptions.
+type DetachOption func(*DetachOptions)
+
+// DetachOptions configures how we set up the document.
+type DetachOptions struct {
+	removeIfNotAttached bool
+}
+
+// WithRemoveIfNotAttached configures the removeIfNotAttached of the document.
+func WithRemoveIfNotAttached() DetachOption {
+	return func(o *DetachOptions) { o.removeIfNotAttached = true }
+}
+
+// SyncOptions is an option for sync. It contains the key of the document to
+// sync and the sync mode.
+type SyncOptions struct {
+	key  key.Key
+	mode types.SyncMode
+}
+
+// WithDocKey creates a SyncOptions with the given document key.
+func WithDocKey(k key.Key) SyncOptions {
+	return SyncOptions{
+		key:  k,
+		mode: types.SyncModePushPull,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithPushOnly returns a SyncOptions with the sync mode set to PushOnly.
+func (o SyncOptions) WithPushOnly() SyncOptions {
+	return SyncOptions{
+		key:  o.key,
+		mode: types.SyncModePushOnly,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/document/change/change.go b/pkg/document/change/change.go
index ed392207f..88a638ba1 100644
--- a/pkg/document/change/change.go
+++ b/pkg/document/change/change.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package change
 
 import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/operations"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
@@ -34,24 +35,38 @@ type Change struct {
 
 	// operations represent a series of user edits.
 	operations []operations.Operation
+
+	// presenceChange represents the presenceChange of the user who made the change.
+	// TODO(hackerwins): Consider using changes instead of entire presenceChange.
+	presenceChange *innerpresence.PresenceChange
 }
 
 // New creates a new instance of Change.
-func New(id ID, message string, operations []operations.Operation) *Change {
+func New(id ID, message string, operations []operations.Operation, p *innerpresence.PresenceChange) *Change {
 	return &Change{
-		id:         id,
-		message:    message,
-		operations: operations,
+		id:             id,
+		message:        message,
+		operations:     operations,
+		presenceChange: p,
 	}
 }
 
 // Execute applies this change to the given JSON root.
-func (c *Change) Execute(root *crdt.Root) error {
+func (c *Change) Execute(root *crdt.Root, presences *innerpresence.Map) error {
 	for _, op := range c.operations {
 		if err := op.Execute(root); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+
+	if c.presenceChange != nil {
+		if c.presenceChange.ChangeType == innerpresence.Clear {
+			presences.Delete(c.id.actorID.String())
+		} else {
+			presences.Store(c.id.actorID.String(), c.presenceChange.Presence)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -92,3 +107,8 @@ func (c *Change) SetActor(actor *time.ActorID) {
 		op.SetActor(actor)
 	}
 }
+
+// PresenceChange returns the presence change of this change.
+func (c *Change) PresenceChange() *innerpresence.PresenceChange {
+	return c.presenceChange
+}
diff --git a/pkg/document/change/checkpoint.go b/pkg/document/change/checkpoint.go
index 0be20a7ed..8967b9c43 100644
--- a/pkg/document/change/checkpoint.go
+++ b/pkg/document/change/checkpoint.go
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func (cp Checkpoint) Forward(other Checkpoint) Checkpoint {
 }
 
 // Equals returns whether the given checkpoint is equal to this checkpoint or not.
-func (cp *Checkpoint) Equals(other Checkpoint) bool {
+func (cp Checkpoint) Equals(other Checkpoint) bool {
 	return cp.ServerSeq == other.ServerSeq &&
 		cp.ClientSeq == other.ClientSeq
 }
diff --git a/pkg/document/change/context.go b/pkg/document/change/context.go
index 931d7859e..c494644fb 100644
--- a/pkg/document/change/context.go
+++ b/pkg/document/change/context.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package change
 
 import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/operations"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
@@ -26,11 +27,12 @@ import (
 // Each time we add an operation, a new time ticket is issued.
 // Finally, returns a Change after the modification has been completed.
 type Context struct {
-	id         ID
-	message    string
-	operations []operations.Operation
-	delimiter  uint32
-	root       *crdt.Root
+	id             ID
+	message        string
+	operations     []operations.Operation
+	delimiter      uint32
+	root           *crdt.Root
+	presenceChange *innerpresence.PresenceChange
 }
 
 // NewContext creates a new instance of Context.
@@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ func (c *Context) ID() ID {
 
 // ToChange creates a new change of this context.
 func (c *Context) ToChange() *Change {
-	return New(c.id, c.message, c.operations)
+	return New(c.id, c.message, c.operations, c.presenceChange)
 }
 
-// HasOperations returns whether this change has operations or not.
-func (c *Context) HasOperations() bool {
-	return len(c.operations) > 0
+// HasChange returns whether this context has changes.
+func (c *Context) HasChange() bool {
+	return len(c.operations) > 0 || c.presenceChange != nil
 }
 
 // IssueTimeTicket creates a time ticket to be used to create a new operation.
@@ -87,3 +89,8 @@ func (c *Context) RegisterElementHasRemovedNodes(element crdt.GCElement) {
 func (c *Context) LastTimeTicket() *time.Ticket {
 	return c.id.NewTimeTicket(c.delimiter)
 }
+
+// SetPresenceChange sets the presence change of the user who made the change.
+func (c *Context) SetPresenceChange(presenceChange innerpresence.PresenceChange) {
+	c.presenceChange = &presenceChange
+}
diff --git a/pkg/document/document.go b/pkg/document/document.go
index 5c98d5b07..985dd2f6d 100644
--- a/pkg/document/document.go
+++ b/pkg/document/document.go
@@ -22,11 +22,32 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
+// DocEvent represents the event that occurred in the document.
+type DocEvent struct {
+	Type      DocEventType
+	Presences map[string]innerpresence.Presence
+}
+
+// DocEventType represents the type of the event that occurred in the document.
+type DocEventType string
+
+const (
+	// WatchedEvent means that the client has established a connection with the server,
+	// enabling real-time synchronization.
+	WatchedEvent DocEventType = "watched"
+
+	// PresenceChangedEvent means that the presences of the clients who are editing
+	// the document have changed.
+	PresenceChangedEvent DocEventType = "presence-changed"
+)
+
 // Document represents a document accessible to the user.
 //
 // How document works:
@@ -38,21 +59,29 @@ type Document struct {
 	// doc is the original data of the actual document.
 	doc *InternalDocument
 
-	// clone is a copy of `doc` to be exposed to the user and is used to
-	// protect `doc`.
-	clone *crdt.Root
+	// cloneRoot is a copy of `doc.root` to be exposed to the user and is used to
+	// protect `doc.root`.
+	cloneRoot *crdt.Root
+
+	// clonePresences is a copy of `doc.presences` to be exposed to the user and
+	// is used to protect `doc.presences`.
+	clonePresences *innerpresence.Map
+
+	// events is the channel to send events that occurred in the document.
+	events chan DocEvent
 }
 
 // New creates a new instance of Document.
 func New(key key.Key) *Document {
 	return &Document{
-		doc: NewInternalDocument(key),
+		doc:    NewInternalDocument(key),
+		events: make(chan DocEvent, 1),
 	}
 }
 
 // Update executes the given updater to update this document.
 func (d *Document) Update(
-	updater func(root *json.Object) error,
+	updater func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error,
 	msgAndArgs ...interface{},
 ) error {
 	if d.doc.status == StatusRemoved {
@@ -66,18 +95,22 @@ func (d *Document) Update(
 	ctx := change.NewContext(
 		d.doc.changeID.Next(),
 		messageFromMsgAndArgs(msgAndArgs...),
-		d.clone,
+		d.cloneRoot,
 	)
 
-	if err := updater(json.NewObject(ctx, d.clone.Object())); err != nil {
-		// drop clone because it is contaminated.
-		d.clone = nil
+	if err := updater(
+		json.NewObject(ctx, d.cloneRoot.Object()),
+		presence.New(ctx, d.clonePresences.LoadOrStore(d.ActorID().String(), innerpresence.NewPresence())),
+	); err != nil {
+		// drop cloneRoot because it is contaminated.
+		d.cloneRoot = nil
+		d.clonePresences = nil
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if ctx.HasOperations() {
+	if ctx.HasChange() {
 		c := ctx.ToChange()
-		if err := c.Execute(d.doc.root); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Execute(d.doc.root, d.doc.presences); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -90,9 +123,10 @@ func (d *Document) Update(
 
 // ApplyChangePack applies the given change pack into this document.
 func (d *Document) ApplyChangePack(pack *change.Pack) error {
-	// 01. Apply remote changes to both the clone and the document.
+	// 01. Apply remote changes to both the cloneRoot and the document.
 	if len(pack.Snapshot) > 0 {
-		d.clone = nil
+		d.cloneRoot = nil
+		d.clonePresences = nil
 		if err := d.doc.applySnapshot(pack.Snapshot, pack.Checkpoint.ServerSeq); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -102,14 +136,19 @@ func (d *Document) ApplyChangePack(pack *change.Pack) error {
 		}
 
 		for _, c := range pack.Changes {
-			if err := c.Execute(d.clone); err != nil {
+			if err := c.Execute(d.cloneRoot, d.clonePresences); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 
-		if err := d.doc.ApplyChanges(pack.Changes...); err != nil {
+		events, err := d.doc.ApplyChanges(pack.Changes...)
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
+		for _, e := range events {
+			d.events <- e
+		}
 	}
 
 	// 02. Remove local changes applied to server.
@@ -186,7 +225,7 @@ func (d *Document) Status() StatusType {
 	return d.doc.status
 }
 
-// IsAttached returns the whether this document is attached or not.
+// IsAttached returns whether this document is attached or not.
 func (d *Document) IsAttached() bool {
 	return d.doc.IsAttached()
 }
@@ -202,14 +241,14 @@ func (d *Document) Root() *json.Object {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	ctx := change.NewContext(d.doc.changeID.Next(), "", d.clone)
-	return json.NewObject(ctx, d.clone.Object())
+	ctx := change.NewContext(d.doc.changeID.Next(), "", d.cloneRoot)
+	return json.NewObject(ctx, d.cloneRoot.Object())
 }
 
 // GarbageCollect purge elements that were removed before the given time.
 func (d *Document) GarbageCollect(ticket *time.Ticket) int {
-	if d.clone != nil {
-		if _, err := d.clone.GarbageCollect(ticket); err != nil {
+	if d.cloneRoot != nil {
+		if _, err := d.cloneRoot.GarbageCollect(ticket); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -228,16 +267,68 @@ func (d *Document) GarbageLen() int {
 }
 
 func (d *Document) ensureClone() error {
-	if d.clone == nil {
+	if d.cloneRoot == nil {
 		copiedDoc, err := d.doc.root.DeepCopy()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		d.clone = copiedDoc
+		d.cloneRoot = copiedDoc
 	}
+
+	if d.clonePresences == nil {
+		d.clonePresences = d.doc.presences.DeepCopy()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Presences returns the presence map of this document.
+func (d *Document) Presences() map[string]innerpresence.Presence {
+	// TODO(hackerwins): We need to use client key instead of actor ID for exposing presence.
+	presences := make(map[string]innerpresence.Presence)
+	d.doc.presences.Range(func(key string, value innerpresence.Presence) bool {
+		presences[key] = value
+		return true
+	})
+	return presences
+}
+
+// Presence returns the presence of the given client.
+func (d *Document) Presence(clientID string) innerpresence.Presence {
+	return d.doc.Presence(clientID)
+}
+
+// MyPresence returns the presence of the actor.
+func (d *Document) MyPresence() innerpresence.Presence {
+	return d.doc.MyPresence()
+}
+
+// SetOnlineClientSet sets the online client set.
+func (d *Document) SetOnlineClientSet(clientIDs ...string) {
+	d.doc.SetOnlineClientSet(clientIDs...)
+}
+
+// AddOnlineClient adds the given client to the online client set.
+func (d *Document) AddOnlineClient(clientID string) {
+	d.doc.AddOnlineClient(clientID)
+}
+
+// RemoveOnlineClient removes the given client from the online client set.
+func (d *Document) RemoveOnlineClient(clientID string) {
+	d.doc.RemoveOnlineClient(clientID)
+}
+
+// OnlinePresence returns the presence of the given client. If the client is not
+// online, it returns nil.
+func (d *Document) OnlinePresence(clientID string) innerpresence.Presence {
+	return d.doc.OnlinePresence(clientID)
+}
+
+// Events returns the events of this document.
+func (d *Document) Events() <-chan DocEvent {
+	return d.events
+}
+
 func messageFromMsgAndArgs(msgAndArgs ...interface{}) string {
 	if len(msgAndArgs) == 0 {
 		return ""
diff --git a/pkg/document/document_test.go b/pkg/document/document_test.go
index b4a221a31..dd3e62673 100644
--- a/pkg/document/document_test.go
+++ b/pkg/document/document_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		doc2 := document.New("d2")
 		doc3 := document.New("d3")
 
-		err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}, "updates k1")
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "{}", doc.Marshal())
 		assert.False(t, doc.HasLocalChanges())
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			root.SetNewObject("k2").SetString("k4", "v4")
 			root.SetNewArray("k3").AddString("v5", "v6")
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "{}", doc.Marshal())
 		assert.False(t, doc.HasLocalChanges())
 		expected := `{"k1":"v1","k2":{"k4":"v4"},"k3":["v5","v6"]}`
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			root.SetNewObject("k2").SetString("k4", "v4")
 			root.SetNewArray("k3").AddString("v5", "v6")
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, expected, doc.Marshal())
 
 		expected = `{"k1":"v1","k3":["v5","v6"]}`
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("k2")
 			assert.Equal(t, expected, root.Marshal())
 			return nil
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("object test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":"v1"}`, root.Marshal())
 			root.SetString("k1", "v2")
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("array test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(1).AddInteger(2).AddInteger(3)
 			assert.Equal(t, 3, root.GetArray("k1").Len())
 			assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[1,2,3]}`, root.Marshal())
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("delete elements of array test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("data").AddInteger(0).AddInteger(1).AddInteger(2)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"data":[0,1,2]}`, doc.Marshal())
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, doc.Root().GetArray("data").Len())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("data").Delete(0)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"data":[1,2]}`, doc.Marshal())
 		assert.Equal(t, 2, doc.Root().GetArray("data").Len())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("data").Delete(1)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"data":[1]}`, doc.Marshal())
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, doc.Root().GetArray("data").Len())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("data").Delete(0)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		//           ---------- ins links --------
 		//           |                |          |
 		// [init] - [A] - [12] - [BC deleted] - [D]
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1").
 				Edit(0, 0, "ABCD").
 				Edit(1, 3, "12")
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"A"},{"val":"12"},{"val":"D"}]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			assert.Equal(t,
 				`[0:0:00:0 {} ""][1:2:00:0 {} "A"][1:3:00:0 {} "12"]{1:2:00:1 {} "BC"}[1:2:00:3 {} "D"]`,
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("text composition test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1").
 				Edit(0, 0, "ㅎ").
 				Edit(0, 1, "하").
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("rich text test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 			text.Edit(0, 0, "Hello world", nil)
 			assert.Equal(
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"Hello world"}]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Style(0, 5, map[string]string{"b": "1"})
 			assert.Equal(t,
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 			doc.Marshal(),
 		)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Style(0, 5, map[string]string{"b": "1"})
 			assert.Equal(
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 			doc.Marshal(),
 		)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Edit(5, 11, " Yorkie", nil)
 			assert.Equal(
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 			doc.Marshal(),
 		)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Edit(5, 5, "\n", map[string]string{"list": "true"})
 			assert.Equal(
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		var double = 5.66
 
 		// integer type test
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewCounter("age", crdt.IntegerCnt, 5)
 
 			age := root.GetCounter("age")
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "128", doc.Root().GetCounter("age").Counter.Marshal())
 
 		// long type test
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewCounter("price", crdt.LongCnt, 9000000000000000000)
 			price := root.GetCounter("price")
 			println(price.ValueType())
@@ -391,7 +392,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"age":128,"price":9000000000000000123}`, doc.Marshal())
 
 		// negative operator test
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			age := root.GetCounter("age")
 			age.Increase(-5)
 			age.Increase(-3.14)
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// TODO: it should be modified to error check
 		// when 'Remove panic from server code (#50)' is completed.
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			defer func() {
 				r := recover()
 				assert.NotNil(t, r)
@@ -427,21 +428,21 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("rollback test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(1, 2, 3)
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[1,2,3]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddInteger(4, 5)
 			return errDummy
 		})
 		assert.Equal(t, err, errDummy, "should returns the dummy error")
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[1,2,3]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddInteger(4, 5)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -452,7 +453,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("rollback test, primitive deepcopy", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").
 				SetInteger("k1.1", 1).
 				SetInteger("k1.2", 2)
@@ -461,7 +462,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":{"k1.1":1,"k1.2":2}}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetObject("k1").Delete("k1.1")
 			return errDummy
 		})
@@ -472,7 +473,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("text garbage collection test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("text")
 			root.GetText("text").Edit(0, 0, "ABCD")
 			root.GetText("text").Edit(0, 2, "12")
@@ -494,7 +495,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 			doc.Root().GetText("text").StructureAsString(),
 		)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("text").Edit(2, 4, "")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("previously inserted elements in heap when running GC test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("a", 1)
 			root.SetInteger("a", 2)
 			root.Delete("a")
diff --git a/pkg/document/innerpresence/presence.go b/pkg/document/innerpresence/presence.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7376d0f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/document/innerpresence/presence.go
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Yorkie Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Package innerpresence provides the implementation of Presence.
+// If the client is watching a document, the presence is shared with
+// all other clients watching the same document.
+package innerpresence
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Map is a map of Presence. It is wrapper of sync.Map to use type-safe.
+type Map struct {
+	presences sync.Map
+}
+
+// NewMap creates a new instance of Map.
+func NewMap() *Map {
+	return &Map{presences: sync.Map{}}
+}
+
+// Store stores the given presence to the map.
+func (m *Map) Store(clientID string, presence Presence) {
+	m.presences.Store(clientID, presence)
+}
+
+// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
+func (m *Map) Range(f func(clientID string, presence Presence) bool) {
+	m.presences.Range(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		clientID := key.(string)
+		presence := value.(Presence)
+		return f(clientID, presence)
+	})
+}
+
+// Load returns the presence for the given clientID.
+func (m *Map) Load(clientID string) (Presence, bool) {
+	presence, ok := m.presences.Load(clientID)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	return presence.(Presence), true
+}
+
+// LoadOrStore returns the existing presence if exists.
+// Otherwise, it stores and returns the given presence.
+func (m *Map) LoadOrStore(clientID string, presence Presence) Presence {
+	actual, _ := m.presences.LoadOrStore(clientID, presence)
+	return actual.(Presence)
+}
+
+// Has returns whether the given clientID exists.
+func (m *Map) Has(clientID string) bool {
+	_, ok := m.presences.Load(clientID)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// Delete deletes the presence for the given clientID.
+func (m *Map) Delete(clientID string) {
+	m.presences.Delete(clientID)
+}
+
+// DeepCopy copies itself deeply.
+func (m *Map) DeepCopy() *Map {
+	copied := NewMap()
+	m.Range(func(clientID string, presence Presence) bool {
+		copied.Store(clientID, presence.DeepCopy())
+		return true
+	})
+	return copied
+}
+
+// PresenceChangeType represents the type of presence change.
+type PresenceChangeType string
+
+const (
+	// Put represents the presence is put.
+	Put PresenceChangeType = "put"
+
+	// Clear represents the presence is cleared.
+	Clear PresenceChangeType = "clear"
+)
+
+// PresenceChange represents the change of presence.
+type PresenceChange struct {
+	ChangeType PresenceChangeType `json:"changeType"`
+	Presence   Presence           `json:"presence"`
+}
+
+// NewChangeFromJSON creates a new instance of PresenceChange from JSON.
+func NewChangeFromJSON(encodedChange string) (*PresenceChange, error) {
+	if encodedChange == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	p := &PresenceChange{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(encodedChange), p); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal presence change: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+// Presence represents custom presence that can be defined by the client.
+type Presence map[string]string
+
+// NewPresence creates a new instance of Presence.
+func NewPresence() Presence {
+	return make(map[string]string)
+}
+
+// Set sets the value of the given key.
+func (p Presence) Set(key string, value string) {
+	p[key] = value
+}
+
+// Clear clears the presence.
+func (p Presence) Clear() {
+	for k := range p {
+		delete(p, k)
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy copies itself deeply.
+func (p Presence) DeepCopy() Presence {
+	clone := make(map[string]string)
+	for k, v := range p {
+		clone[k] = v
+	}
+	return clone
+}
diff --git a/pkg/document/internal_document.go b/pkg/document/internal_document.go
index 9163fc1f9..e4ce0d8fc 100644
--- a/pkg/document/internal_document.go
+++ b/pkg/document/internal_document.go
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ package document
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	gosync "sync"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/converter"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
@@ -48,13 +50,40 @@ var (
 	ErrDocumentRemoved = errors.New("document is removed")
 )
 
-// InternalDocument represents a document in MongoDB and contains logical clocks.
+// InternalDocument is a document that is used internally. It is not directly
+// exposed to the user.
 type InternalDocument struct {
-	key          key.Key
-	status       StatusType
-	root         *crdt.Root
-	checkpoint   change.Checkpoint
-	changeID     change.ID
+	// key is the key of the document. It is used as the key of the document in
+	// user's perspective.
+	key key.Key
+
+	// status is the status of the document. It is used to check whether the
+	// document is attached to the client or detached or removed.
+	status StatusType
+
+	// checkpoint is the checkpoint of the document. It is used to determine
+	// what changes should be sent and what changes should be received.
+	checkpoint change.Checkpoint
+
+	// changeID is the ID of the last change. It is used to create a new change.
+	// It contains logical clock information like the lamport timestamp, actorID
+	// and checkpoint information.
+	changeID change.ID
+
+	// root is the root of the document. It is used to store JSON-like data in
+	// CRDT manner.
+	root *crdt.Root
+
+	// presences is the map of the presence. It is used to store the presence
+	// of the actors who are attaching this document.
+	presences *innerpresence.Map
+
+	// onlineClients is the set of the client who is editing this document in
+	// online.
+	onlineClients *gosync.Map
+
+	// localChanges is the list of the changes that are not yet sent to the
+	// server.
 	localChanges []*change.Change
 }
 
@@ -62,12 +91,15 @@ type InternalDocument struct {
 func NewInternalDocument(k key.Key) *InternalDocument {
 	root := crdt.NewObject(crdt.NewElementRHT(), time.InitialTicket)
 
+	// TODO(hackerwins): We need to initialize the presence of the actor who edited the document.
 	return &InternalDocument{
-		key:        k,
-		status:     StatusDetached,
-		root:       crdt.NewRoot(root),
-		checkpoint: change.InitialCheckpoint,
-		changeID:   change.InitialID,
+		key:           k,
+		status:        StatusDetached,
+		root:          crdt.NewRoot(root),
+		checkpoint:    change.InitialCheckpoint,
+		changeID:      change.InitialID,
+		presences:     innerpresence.NewMap(),
+		onlineClients: &gosync.Map{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -78,17 +110,19 @@ func NewInternalDocumentFromSnapshot(
 	lamport int64,
 	snapshot []byte,
 ) (*InternalDocument, error) {
-	obj, err := converter.BytesToObject(snapshot)
+	obj, presences, err := converter.BytesToSnapshot(snapshot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &InternalDocument{
-		key:        k,
-		status:     StatusDetached,
-		root:       crdt.NewRoot(obj),
-		checkpoint: change.InitialCheckpoint.NextServerSeq(serverSeq),
-		changeID:   change.InitialID.SyncLamport(lamport),
+		key:           k,
+		status:        StatusDetached,
+		root:          crdt.NewRoot(obj),
+		presences:     presences,
+		onlineClients: &gosync.Map{},
+		checkpoint:    change.InitialCheckpoint.NextServerSeq(serverSeq),
+		changeID:      change.InitialID.SyncLamport(lamport),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -109,13 +143,13 @@ func (d *InternalDocument) HasLocalChanges() bool {
 
 // ApplyChangePack applies the given change pack into this document.
 func (d *InternalDocument) ApplyChangePack(pack *change.Pack) error {
-	// 01. Apply remote changes to both the clone and the document.
+	// 01. Apply remote changes to both the cloneRoot and the document.
 	if len(pack.Snapshot) > 0 {
 		if err := d.applySnapshot(pack.Snapshot, pack.Checkpoint.ServerSeq); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	} else {
-		if err := d.ApplyChanges(pack.Changes...); err != nil {
+		if _, err := d.ApplyChanges(pack.Changes...); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -188,7 +222,7 @@ func (d *InternalDocument) SetStatus(status StatusType) {
 	d.status = status
 }
 
-// IsAttached returns the whether this document is attached or not.
+// IsAttached returns whether this document is attached or not.
 func (d *InternalDocument) IsAttached() bool {
 	return d.status == StatusAttached
 }
@@ -204,25 +238,95 @@ func (d *InternalDocument) RootObject() *crdt.Object {
 }
 
 func (d *InternalDocument) applySnapshot(snapshot []byte, serverSeq int64) error {
-	rootObj, err := converter.BytesToObject(snapshot)
+	rootObj, presences, err := converter.BytesToSnapshot(snapshot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	d.root = crdt.NewRoot(rootObj)
+	d.presences = presences
 	d.changeID = d.changeID.SyncLamport(serverSeq)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // ApplyChanges applies remote changes to the document.
-func (d *InternalDocument) ApplyChanges(changes ...*change.Change) error {
+func (d *InternalDocument) ApplyChanges(changes ...*change.Change) ([]DocEvent, error) {
+	var events []DocEvent
 	for _, c := range changes {
-		if err := c.Execute(d.root); err != nil {
-			return err
+		if c.PresenceChange() != nil {
+			clientID := c.ID().ActorID().String()
+			if _, ok := d.onlineClients.Load(clientID); ok {
+				event := DocEvent{
+					Type: PresenceChangedEvent,
+					Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+						clientID: c.PresenceChange().Presence,
+					},
+				}
+
+				if !d.presences.Has(clientID) {
+					event.Type = WatchedEvent
+				}
+				events = append(events, event)
+			}
 		}
+
+		if err := c.Execute(d.root, d.presences); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
 		d.changeID = d.changeID.SyncLamport(c.ID().Lamport())
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return events, nil
+}
+
+// MyPresence returns the presence of the actor currently editing the document.
+func (d *InternalDocument) MyPresence() innerpresence.Presence {
+	p := d.presences.LoadOrStore(d.changeID.ActorID().String(), innerpresence.NewPresence())
+	return p.DeepCopy()
+}
+
+// Presences returns the map of presences of the actors currently editing the document.
+func (d *InternalDocument) Presences() *innerpresence.Map {
+	return d.presences
+}
+
+// OnlinePresence returns the presence of the given client. If the client is not
+// online, it returns nil.
+func (d *InternalDocument) OnlinePresence(clientID string) innerpresence.Presence {
+	if _, ok := d.onlineClients.Load(clientID); !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	presence, _ := d.presences.Load(clientID)
+	return presence
+}
+
+// Presence returns the presence of the given client.
+func (d *InternalDocument) Presence(clientID string) innerpresence.Presence {
+	presence, _ := d.presences.Load(clientID)
+	return presence
+}
+
+// SetOnlineClientSet sets the online client set.
+func (d *InternalDocument) SetOnlineClientSet(ids ...string) {
+	d.onlineClients.Range(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		d.onlineClients.Delete(key)
+		return true
+	})
+
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		d.onlineClients.Store(id, true)
+	}
+}
+
+// AddOnlineClient adds the given client to the online client set.
+func (d *InternalDocument) AddOnlineClient(clientID string) {
+	d.onlineClients.Store(clientID, true)
+}
+
+// RemoveOnlineClient removes the given client from the online client set.
+func (d *InternalDocument) RemoveOnlineClient(clientID string) {
+	d.onlineClients.Delete(clientID)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/document/presence/presence.go b/pkg/document/presence/presence.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9a72fd2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/document/presence/presence.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Yorkie Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Package presence provides the proxy for the innerpresence.Presence to be manipulated from the outside.
+// TODO(hackerwins): Consider to remove this package. It is used to solve the problem of cyclic dependency
+// between pkg/document/presence and pkg/document/change.
+package presence
+
+import (
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
+)
+
+// Presence represents a proxy for the Presence to be manipulated from the outside.
+type Presence struct {
+	presence innerpresence.Presence
+	context  *change.Context
+}
+
+// New creates a new instance of Presence.
+func New(ctx *change.Context, presence innerpresence.Presence) *Presence {
+	return &Presence{
+		presence: presence,
+		context:  ctx,
+	}
+}
+
+// Initialize initializes the presence.
+func (p *Presence) Initialize(presence innerpresence.Presence) {
+	p.presence = presence
+	if p.presence == nil {
+		p.presence = innerpresence.NewPresence()
+	}
+
+	p.context.SetPresenceChange(innerpresence.PresenceChange{
+		ChangeType: innerpresence.Put,
+		Presence:   p.presence,
+	})
+}
+
+// Set sets the value of the given key.
+func (p *Presence) Set(key string, value string) {
+	innerPresence := p.presence
+	innerPresence.Set(key, value)
+
+	p.context.SetPresenceChange(innerpresence.PresenceChange{
+		ChangeType: innerpresence.Put,
+		Presence:   innerPresence,
+	})
+}
+
+// Clear clears the value of the given key.
+func (p *Presence) Clear() {
+	innerPresence := p.presence
+	innerPresence.Clear()
+
+	p.context.SetPresenceChange(innerpresence.PresenceChange{
+		ChangeType: innerpresence.Clear,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/server/backend/database/change_info.go b/server/backend/database/change_info.go
index e0cbce058..bfbf76680 100644
--- a/server/backend/database/change_info.go
+++ b/server/backend/database/change_info.go
@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@
 package database
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/converter"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/operations"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
@@ -32,14 +35,15 @@ var ErrEncodeOperationFailed = errors.New("encode operations failed")
 
 // ChangeInfo is a structure representing information of a change.
 type ChangeInfo struct {
-	ID         types.ID `bson:"_id"`
-	DocID      types.ID `bson:"doc_id"`
-	ServerSeq  int64    `bson:"server_seq"`
-	ClientSeq  uint32   `bson:"client_seq"`
-	Lamport    int64    `bson:"lamport"`
-	ActorID    types.ID `bson:"actor_id"`
-	Message    string   `bson:"message"`
-	Operations [][]byte `bson:"operations"`
+	ID             types.ID `bson:"_id"`
+	DocID          types.ID `bson:"doc_id"`
+	ServerSeq      int64    `bson:"server_seq"`
+	ClientSeq      uint32   `bson:"client_seq"`
+	Lamport        int64    `bson:"lamport"`
+	ActorID        types.ID `bson:"actor_id"`
+	Message        string   `bson:"message"`
+	Operations     [][]byte `bson:"operations"`
+	PresenceChange string   `bson:"presence_change"`
 }
 
 // EncodeOperations encodes the given operations into bytes array.
@@ -62,6 +66,20 @@ func EncodeOperations(operations []operations.Operation) ([][]byte, error) {
 	return encodedOps, nil
 }
 
+// EncodePresenceChange encodes the given presence change into string.
+func EncodePresenceChange(p *innerpresence.PresenceChange) (string, error) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal presence change to bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return string(bytes), nil
+}
+
 // ToChange creates Change model from this ChangeInfo.
 func (i *ChangeInfo) ToChange() (*change.Change, error) {
 	actorID, err := time.ActorIDFromHex(i.ActorID.String())
@@ -85,7 +103,12 @@ func (i *ChangeInfo) ToChange() (*change.Change, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	c := change.New(changeID, i.Message, ops)
+	p, err := innerpresence.NewChangeFromJSON(i.PresenceChange)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	c := change.New(changeID, i.Message, ops, p)
 	c.SetServerSeq(i.ServerSeq)
 
 	return c, nil
diff --git a/server/backend/database/memory/database.go b/server/backend/database/memory/database.go
index f77bdf7d6..93882c313 100644
--- a/server/backend/database/memory/database.go
+++ b/server/backend/database/memory/database.go
@@ -782,16 +782,21 @@ func (d *DB) CreateChangeInfos(
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		encodedPresence, err := database.EncodePresenceChange(cn.PresenceChange())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		if err := txn.Insert(tblChanges, &database.ChangeInfo{
-			ID:         newID(),
-			DocID:      docInfo.ID,
-			ServerSeq:  cn.ServerSeq(),
-			ActorID:    types.ID(cn.ID().ActorID().String()),
-			ClientSeq:  cn.ClientSeq(),
-			Lamport:    cn.ID().Lamport(),
-			Message:    cn.Message(),
-			Operations: encodedOperations,
+			ID:             newID(),
+			DocID:          docInfo.ID,
+			ServerSeq:      cn.ServerSeq(),
+			ActorID:        types.ID(cn.ID().ActorID().String()),
+			ClientSeq:      cn.ClientSeq(),
+			Lamport:        cn.ID().Lamport(),
+			Message:        cn.Message(),
+			Operations:     encodedOperations,
+			PresenceChange: encodedPresence,
 		}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create change: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -942,7 +947,7 @@ func (d *DB) CreateSnapshotInfo(
 	docID types.ID,
 	doc *document.InternalDocument,
 ) error {
-	snapshot, err := converter.ObjectToBytes(doc.RootObject())
+	snapshot, err := converter.SnapshotToBytes(doc.RootObject(), doc.Presences())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/server/backend/database/mongo/client.go b/server/backend/database/mongo/client.go
index 25feb5e3e..bdcdc460a 100644
--- a/server/backend/database/mongo/client.go
+++ b/server/backend/database/mongo/client.go
@@ -864,16 +864,21 @@ func (c *Client) CreateChangeInfos(
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		encodedPresence, err := database.EncodePresenceChange(cn.PresenceChange())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		models = append(models, mongo.NewUpdateOneModel().SetFilter(bson.M{
 			"doc_id":     encodedDocID,
 			"server_seq": cn.ServerSeq(),
 		}).SetUpdate(bson.M{"$set": bson.M{
-			"actor_id":   encodeActorID(cn.ID().ActorID()),
-			"client_seq": cn.ID().ClientSeq(),
-			"lamport":    cn.ID().Lamport(),
-			"message":    cn.Message(),
-			"operations": encodedOperations,
+			"actor_id":        encodeActorID(cn.ID().ActorID()),
+			"client_seq":      cn.ID().ClientSeq(),
+			"lamport":         cn.ID().Lamport(),
+			"message":         cn.Message(),
+			"operations":      encodedOperations,
+			"presence_change": encodedPresence,
 		}}).SetUpsert(true))
 	}
 
@@ -1026,7 +1031,7 @@ func (c *Client) CreateSnapshotInfo(
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	snapshot, err := converter.ObjectToBytes(doc.RootObject())
+	snapshot, err := converter.SnapshotToBytes(doc.RootObject(), doc.Presences())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/server/backend/database/testcases/testcases.go b/server/backend/database/testcases/testcases.go
index c07140809..e1fcbca7a 100644
--- a/server/backend/database/testcases/testcases.go
+++ b/server/backend/database/testcases/testcases.go
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/database"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
@@ -175,12 +176,12 @@ func RunFindChangesBetweenServerSeqsTest(
 		actorID, _ := time.ActorIDFromBytes(bytesID)
 		doc := document.New(key.Key(t.Name()))
 		doc.SetActor(actorID)
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("array")
 			return nil
 		}))
 		for idx := 0; idx < 10; idx++ {
-			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.GetArray("array").AddInteger(idx)
 				return nil
 			}))
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ func RunFindClosestSnapshotInfoTest(t *testing.T, db database.Database, projectI
 		doc := document.New(key.Key(t.Name()))
 		doc.SetActor(actorID)
 
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("array")
 			return nil
 		}))
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/coordinator.go b/server/backend/sync/coordinator.go
index ff70e1006..deab2105c 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/coordinator.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/coordinator.go
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ type Coordinator interface {
 	// Subscribe subscribes to the given documents.
 	Subscribe(
 		ctx context.Context,
-		subscriber types.Client,
+		subscriber *time.ActorID,
 		documentID types.ID,
-	) (*Subscription, []types.Client, error)
+	) (*Subscription, []*time.ActorID, error)
 
 	// Unsubscribe unsubscribes from the given documents.
 	Unsubscribe(
@@ -57,13 +57,6 @@ type Coordinator interface {
 	// PublishToLocal publishes the given event.
 	PublishToLocal(ctx context.Context, publisherID *time.ActorID, event DocEvent)
 
-	// UpdatePresence updates the presence of the given client.
-	UpdatePresence(
-		ctx context.Context,
-		publisher *types.Client,
-		documentID types.ID,
-	) error
-
 	// Members returns the members of this cluster.
 	Members() map[string]*ServerInfo
 
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator.go b/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator.go
index 9b08a1cc1..57b6ca909 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator.go
@@ -57,16 +57,16 @@ func (c *Coordinator) NewLocker(
 // Subscribe subscribes to the given documents.
 func (c *Coordinator) Subscribe(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	subscriber types.Client,
+	subscriber *time.ActorID,
 	documentID types.ID,
-) (*sync.Subscription, []types.Client, error) {
+) (*sync.Subscription, []*time.ActorID, error) {
 	sub, err := c.pubSub.Subscribe(ctx, subscriber, documentID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	peers := c.pubSub.GetPeers(documentID)
-	return sub, peers, nil
+	ids := c.pubSub.ClientIDs(documentID)
+	return sub, ids, nil
 }
 
 // Unsubscribe unsubscribes the given documents.
@@ -97,16 +97,6 @@ func (c *Coordinator) PublishToLocal(
 	c.pubSub.Publish(ctx, publisherID, event)
 }
 
-// UpdatePresence updates the presence of the given client.
-func (c *Coordinator) UpdatePresence(
-	_ context.Context,
-	publisher *types.Client,
-	documentID types.ID,
-) error {
-	c.pubSub.UpdatePresence(publisher, documentID)
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Members returns the members of this cluster.
 func (c *Coordinator) Members() map[string]*sync.ServerInfo {
 	members := make(map[string]*sync.ServerInfo)
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator_test.go b/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator_test.go
index a0ae2594d..02e2e5ce4 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator_test.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/memory/coordinator_test.go
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ func TestCoordinator(t *testing.T) {
 			id, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, byte(i)})
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-			_, peers, err := coordinator.Subscribe(ctx, types.Client{ID: id}, docID)
+			_, clientIDs, err := coordinator.Subscribe(ctx, id, docID)
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Len(t, peers, i+1)
+			assert.Len(t, clientIDs, i+1)
 		}
 	})
 }
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub.go b/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub.go
index 733a15eec..a01703784 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub.go
@@ -65,31 +65,29 @@ func (s *subscriptions) Len() int {
 
 // PubSub is the memory implementation of PubSub, used for single server.
 type PubSub struct {
-	subscriptionsMapMu          *gosync.RWMutex
-	subscriptionMapBySubscriber map[string]*sync.Subscription
-	subscriptionsMapByDocID     map[types.ID]*subscriptions
+	subscriptionsMapMu      *gosync.RWMutex
+	subscriptionsMapByDocID map[types.ID]*subscriptions
 }
 
 // NewPubSub creates an instance of PubSub.
 func NewPubSub() *PubSub {
 	return &PubSub{
-		subscriptionsMapMu:          &gosync.RWMutex{},
-		subscriptionMapBySubscriber: make(map[string]*sync.Subscription),
-		subscriptionsMapByDocID:     make(map[types.ID]*subscriptions),
+		subscriptionsMapMu:      &gosync.RWMutex{},
+		subscriptionsMapByDocID: make(map[types.ID]*subscriptions),
 	}
 }
 
 // Subscribe subscribes to the given document keys.
 func (m *PubSub) Subscribe(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	subscriber types.Client,
+	subscriber *time.ActorID,
 	documentID types.ID,
 ) (*sync.Subscription, error) {
 	if logging.Enabled(zap.DebugLevel) {
 		logging.From(ctx).Debugf(
 			`Subscribe(%s,%s) Start`,
 			documentID.String(),
-			subscriber.ID.String(),
+			subscriber.String(),
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -97,8 +95,6 @@ func (m *PubSub) Subscribe(
 	defer m.subscriptionsMapMu.Unlock()
 
 	sub := sync.NewSubscription(subscriber)
-	m.subscriptionMapBySubscriber[sub.SubscriberID()] = sub
-
 	if _, ok := m.subscriptionsMapByDocID[documentID]; !ok {
 		m.subscriptionsMapByDocID[documentID] = newSubscriptions()
 	}
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@ func (m *PubSub) Subscribe(
 		logging.From(ctx).Debugf(
 			`Subscribe(%s,%s) End`,
 			documentID.String(),
-			subscriber.ID.String(),
+			subscriber.String(),
 		)
 	}
 	return sub, nil
@@ -127,14 +123,12 @@ func (m *PubSub) Unsubscribe(
 		logging.From(ctx).Debugf(
 			`Unsubscribe(%s,%s) Start`,
 			documentID,
-			sub.SubscriberID(),
+			sub.Subscriber().String(),
 		)
 	}
 
 	sub.Close()
 
-	delete(m.subscriptionMapBySubscriber, sub.SubscriberID())
-
 	if subs, ok := m.subscriptionsMapByDocID[documentID]; ok {
 		subs.Delete(sub.ID())
 
@@ -147,7 +141,7 @@ func (m *PubSub) Unsubscribe(
 		logging.From(ctx).Debugf(
 			`Unsubscribe(%s,%s) End`,
 			documentID,
-			sub.SubscriberID(),
+			sub.Subscriber().String(),
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -168,7 +162,7 @@ func (m *PubSub) Publish(
 
 	if subs, ok := m.subscriptionsMapByDocID[documentID]; ok {
 		for _, sub := range subs.Map() {
-			if sub.Subscriber().ID.Compare(publisherID) == 0 {
+			if sub.Subscriber().Compare(publisherID) == 0 {
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -178,7 +172,7 @@ func (m *PubSub) Publish(
 					event.Type,
 					documentID.String(),
 					publisherID.String(),
-					sub.SubscriberID(),
+					sub.Subscriber().String(),
 				)
 			}
 
@@ -191,7 +185,7 @@ func (m *PubSub) Publish(
 					`Publish(%s,%s) to %s timeout`,
 					documentID.String(),
 					publisherID.String(),
-					sub.SubscriberID(),
+					sub.Subscriber().String(),
 				)
 			}
 		}
@@ -201,31 +195,14 @@ func (m *PubSub) Publish(
 	}
 }
 
-// GetPeers returns the peers of the given document.
-func (m *PubSub) GetPeers(documentID types.ID) []types.Client {
+// ClientIDs returns the clients of the given document.
+func (m *PubSub) ClientIDs(documentID types.ID) []*time.ActorID {
 	m.subscriptionsMapMu.RLock()
 	defer m.subscriptionsMapMu.RUnlock()
 
-	var peers []types.Client
+	var ids []*time.ActorID
 	for _, sub := range m.subscriptionsMapByDocID[documentID].Map() {
-		peers = append(peers, sub.Subscriber())
-	}
-	return peers
-}
-
-// UpdatePresence updates the presence of the given client.
-func (m *PubSub) UpdatePresence(
-	publisher *types.Client,
-	documentID types.ID,
-) *sync.Subscription {
-	m.subscriptionsMapMu.Lock()
-	defer m.subscriptionsMapMu.Unlock()
-
-	sub, ok := m.subscriptionMapBySubscriber[publisher.ID.String()]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil
+		ids = append(ids, sub.Subscriber())
 	}
-
-	sub.UpdatePresence(publisher.PresenceInfo)
-	return sub
+	return ids
 }
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub_test.go b/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub_test.go
index 686991ca5..138ec680c 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub_test.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/memory/pubsub_test.go
@@ -34,21 +34,19 @@ func TestPubSub(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	idB, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	actorA := types.Client{ID: idA}
-	actorB := types.Client{ID: idB}
 
 	t.Run("publish subscribe test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		pubSub := memory.NewPubSub()
 		id := types.ID(t.Name() + "id")
 		docEvent := sync.DocEvent{
 			Type:       types.DocumentsWatchedEvent,
-			Publisher:  actorB,
+			Publisher:  idB,
 			DocumentID: id,
 		}
 
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		// subscribe the documents by actorA
-		subA, err := pubSub.Subscribe(ctx, actorA, id)
+		subA, err := pubSub.Subscribe(ctx, idA, id)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		defer func() {
 			pubSub.Unsubscribe(ctx, id, subA)
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ func TestPubSub(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 
 		// publish the event to the documents by actorB
-		pubSub.Publish(ctx, actorB.ID, docEvent)
+		pubSub.Publish(ctx, idB, docEvent)
 		wg.Wait()
 	})
 }
diff --git a/server/backend/sync/pubsub.go b/server/backend/sync/pubsub.go
index f66e33000..80ce74164 100644
--- a/server/backend/sync/pubsub.go
+++ b/server/backend/sync/pubsub.go
@@ -20,18 +20,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
 // Subscription represents a subscription of a subscriber to documents.
 type Subscription struct {
 	id         string
-	subscriber types.Client
+	subscriber *time.ActorID
 	closed     bool
 	events     chan DocEvent
 }
 
 // NewSubscription creates a new instance of Subscription.
-func NewSubscription(subscriber types.Client) *Subscription {
+func NewSubscription(subscriber *time.ActorID) *Subscription {
 	return &Subscription{
 		id:         xid.New().String(),
 		subscriber: subscriber,
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ func (s *Subscription) ID() string {
 // DocEvent represents events that occur related to the document.
 type DocEvent struct {
 	Type       types.DocEventType
-	Publisher  types.Client
+	Publisher  *time.ActorID
 	DocumentID types.ID
 }
 
@@ -57,20 +58,10 @@ func (s *Subscription) Events() chan DocEvent {
 }
 
 // Subscriber returns the subscriber of this subscription.
-func (s *Subscription) Subscriber() types.Client {
+func (s *Subscription) Subscriber() *time.ActorID {
 	return s.subscriber
 }
 
-// SubscriberID returns string representation of the subscriber.
-func (s *Subscription) SubscriberID() string {
-	return s.subscriber.ID.String()
-}
-
-// UpdatePresence updates the presence of the subscriber.
-func (s *Subscription) UpdatePresence(info types.PresenceInfo) {
-	s.subscriber.PresenceInfo.Update(info)
-}
-
 // Close closes all resources of this Subscription.
 func (s *Subscription) Close() {
 	if s.closed {
diff --git a/server/clients/clients.go b/server/clients/clients.go
index ab6c6691c..1803c7f17 100644
--- a/server/clients/clients.go
+++ b/server/clients/clients.go
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ func Deactivate(
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
+		// TODO(hackerwins): We need to remove the presence of the client from the document.
+		// Be careful that housekeeping is executed by the leader. And documents are sharded
+		// by the servers in the cluster. So, we need to consider the case where the leader is
+		// not the same as the server that handles the document.
+
 		if err := db.UpdateSyncedSeq(
 			ctx,
 			clientInfo,
diff --git a/server/packs/packs.go b/server/packs/packs.go
index f27910ab6..159abf1e5 100644
--- a/server/packs/packs.go
+++ b/server/packs/packs.go
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func PushPull(
 				publisherID,
 				sync.DocEvent{
 					Type:       types.DocumentsChangedEvent,
-					Publisher:  types.Client{ID: publisherID},
+					Publisher:  publisherID,
 					DocumentID: docInfo.ID,
 				},
 			)
diff --git a/server/packs/pushpull.go b/server/packs/pushpull.go
index 9d30494be..2eb0b95ae 100644
--- a/server/packs/pushpull.go
+++ b/server/packs/pushpull.go
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func pullSnapshot(
 	}
 	cpAfterPull := cpAfterPush.NextServerSeq(docInfo.ServerSeq)
 
-	snapshot, err := converter.ObjectToBytes(doc.RootObject())
+	snapshot, err := converter.SnapshotToBytes(doc.RootObject(), doc.Presences())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/server/packs/serverpacks.go b/server/packs/serverpacks.go
index cf51db0e5..e36f75009 100644
--- a/server/packs/serverpacks.go
+++ b/server/packs/serverpacks.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/converter"
 	api "github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/yorkie/v1"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/database"
@@ -101,10 +102,16 @@ func (p *ServerPack) ToPBChangePack() (*api.ChangePack, error) {
 			pbOps = append(pbOps, &pbOp)
 		}
 
+		p, err := innerpresence.NewChangeFromJSON(info.PresenceChange)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
 		pbChanges = append(pbChanges, &api.Change{
-			Id:         converter.ToChangeID(changeID),
-			Message:    info.Message,
-			Operations: pbOps,
+			Id:             converter.ToChangeID(changeID),
+			Message:        info.Message,
+			Operations:     pbOps,
+			PresenceChange: converter.ToPresenceChange(p),
 		})
 	}
 
diff --git a/server/rpc/admin_server.go b/server/rpc/admin_server.go
index a25761f38..3487b1ee9 100644
--- a/server/rpc/admin_server.go
+++ b/server/rpc/admin_server.go
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ func (s *adminServer) GetSnapshotMeta(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	snapshot, err := converter.ObjectToBytes(doc.RootObject())
+	snapshot, err := converter.SnapshotToBytes(doc.RootObject(), doc.Presences())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ func (s *adminServer) RemoveDocumentByAdmin(
 		publisherID,
 		sync.DocEvent{
 			Type:       types.DocumentsChangedEvent,
-			Publisher:  types.Client{ID: publisherID},
+			Publisher:  publisherID,
 			DocumentID: docInfo.ID,
 		},
 	)
diff --git a/server/rpc/server_test.go b/server/rpc/server_test.go
index 36de756d4..e883d0e91 100644
--- a/server/rpc/server_test.go
+++ b/server/rpc/server_test.go
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ func TestSDKRPCServerBackend(t *testing.T) {
 		watchResp, err := testClient.WatchDocument(
 			context.Background(),
 			&api.WatchDocumentRequest{
-				Client:     &api.Client{Id: activateResp.ClientId, Presence: &api.Presence{}},
+				ClientId:   activateResp.ClientId,
 				DocumentId: resPack.DocumentId,
 			},
 		)
diff --git a/server/rpc/yorkie_server.go b/server/rpc/yorkie_server.go
index ab1f46c07..5bf8f918d 100644
--- a/server/rpc/yorkie_server.go
+++ b/server/rpc/yorkie_server.go
@@ -236,11 +236,15 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) DetachDocument(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if err := clientInfo.RemoveDocument(docInfo.ID); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	if req.RemoveIfNotAttached && !isAttached {
 		pack.IsRemoved = true
+		if err := clientInfo.RemoveDocument(docInfo.ID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := clientInfo.DetachDocument(docInfo.ID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	pulled, err := packs.PushPull(ctx, s.backend, project, clientInfo, docInfo, pack, types.SyncModePushPull)
@@ -344,7 +348,7 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) WatchDocument(
 	req *api.WatchDocumentRequest,
 	stream api.YorkieService_WatchDocumentServer,
 ) error {
-	cli, err := converter.FromClient(req.Client)
+	clientID, err := time.ActorIDFromBytes(req.ClientId)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -371,13 +375,13 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) WatchDocument(
 	}
 
 	project := projects.From(stream.Context())
-	if _, err = clients.FindClientInfo(stream.Context(), s.backend.DB, project, cli.ID); err != nil {
+	if _, err = clients.FindClientInfo(stream.Context(), s.backend.DB, project, clientID); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	locker, err := s.backend.Coordinator.NewLocker(
 		stream.Context(),
-		sync.NewKey(fmt.Sprintf("watchdoc-%s-%s", cli.ID.String(), docID)),
+		sync.NewKey(fmt.Sprintf("watchdoc-%s-%s", clientID.String(), docID)),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -391,7 +395,7 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) WatchDocument(
 		}
 	}()
 
-	subscription, peersMap, err := s.watchDoc(stream.Context(), *cli, docID)
+	subscription, clientIDs, err := s.watchDoc(stream.Context(), clientID, docID)
 	if err != nil {
 		logging.From(stream.Context()).Error(err)
 		return err
@@ -400,10 +404,14 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) WatchDocument(
 		s.unwatchDoc(subscription, docID)
 	}()
 
+	var pbClientIDs [][]byte
+	for _, id := range clientIDs {
+		pbClientIDs = append(pbClientIDs, id.Bytes())
+	}
 	if err := stream.Send(&api.WatchDocumentResponse{
 		Body: &api.WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization_{
 			Initialization: &api.WatchDocumentResponse_Initialization{
-				Peers: converter.ToClients(peersMap),
+				ClientIds: pbClientIDs,
 			},
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -425,9 +433,8 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) WatchDocument(
 			if err := stream.Send(&api.WatchDocumentResponse{
 				Body: &api.WatchDocumentResponse_Event{
 					Event: &api.DocEvent{
-						Type:       eventType,
-						Publisher:  converter.ToClient(event.Publisher),
-						DocumentId: event.DocumentID.String(),
+						Type:      eventType,
+						Publisher: event.Publisher.Bytes(),
 					},
 				},
 			}); err != nil {
@@ -508,45 +515,12 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) RemoveDocument(
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// UpdatePresence updates the presence of the given client.
-func (s *yorkieServer) UpdatePresence(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	req *api.UpdatePresenceRequest,
-) (*api.UpdatePresenceResponse, error) {
-	cli, err := converter.FromClient(req.Client)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	documentID, err := converter.FromDocumentID(req.DocumentId)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	project := projects.From(ctx)
-	_, err = documents.FindDocInfo(ctx, s.backend, project, documentID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err = s.backend.Coordinator.UpdatePresence(ctx, cli, documentID); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	s.backend.Coordinator.Publish(ctx, cli.ID, sync.DocEvent{
-		Type:       types.PresenceChangedEvent,
-		Publisher:  *cli,
-		DocumentID: documentID,
-	})
-
-	return &api.UpdatePresenceResponse{}, nil
-}
-
 func (s *yorkieServer) watchDoc(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	client types.Client,
+	clientID *time.ActorID,
 	documentID types.ID,
-) (*sync.Subscription, []types.Client, error) {
-	subscription, peers, err := s.backend.Coordinator.Subscribe(ctx, client, documentID)
+) (*sync.Subscription, []*time.ActorID, error) {
+	subscription, clientIDs, err := s.backend.Coordinator.Subscribe(ctx, clientID, documentID)
 	if err != nil {
 		logging.From(ctx).Error(err)
 		return nil, nil, err
@@ -554,7 +528,7 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) watchDoc(
 
 	s.backend.Coordinator.Publish(
 		ctx,
-		subscription.Subscriber().ID,
+		subscription.Subscriber(),
 		sync.DocEvent{
 			Type:       types.DocumentsWatchedEvent,
 			Publisher:  subscription.Subscriber(),
@@ -562,7 +536,7 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) watchDoc(
 		},
 	)
 
-	return subscription, peers, nil
+	return subscription, clientIDs, nil
 }
 
 func (s *yorkieServer) unwatchDoc(
@@ -573,7 +547,7 @@ func (s *yorkieServer) unwatchDoc(
 	_ = s.backend.Coordinator.Unsubscribe(ctx, documentID, subscription)
 	s.backend.Coordinator.Publish(
 		ctx,
-		subscription.Subscriber().ID,
+		subscription.Subscriber(),
 		sync.DocEvent{
 			Type:       types.DocumentsUnwatchedEvent,
 			Publisher:  subscription.Subscriber(),
diff --git a/test/bench/document_bench_test.go b/test/bench/document_bench_test.go
index d71f28895..2f43393a0 100644
--- a/test/bench/document_bench_test.go
+++ b/test/bench/document_bench_test.go
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 )
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			doc2 := document.New("d2")
 			doc3 := document.New("d3")
 
-			err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 				return nil
 			}, "updates k1")
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.Equal(b, "{}", doc.Marshal())
 			assert.False(b, doc.HasLocalChanges())
 
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 				root.SetNewObject("k2").SetString("k4", "v4")
 				root.SetNewArray("k3").AddString("v5", "v6")
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.False(b, doc.HasLocalChanges())
 
 			expected := `{"k1":"v1","k2":{"k4":"v4"},"k3":["v5","v6"]}`
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 				root.SetNewObject("k2").SetString("k4", "v4")
 				root.SetNewArray("k3").AddString("v5", "v6")
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.Equal(b, expected, doc.Marshal())
 
 			expected = `{"k1":"v1","k3":["v5","v6"]}`
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.Delete("k2")
 				assert.Equal(b, expected, root.Marshal())
 				return nil
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("object test", func(b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			doc := document.New("d1")
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 				assert.Equal(b, `{"k1":"v1"}`, root.Marshal())
 				root.SetString("k1", "v2")
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			doc := document.New("d1")
 
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(1).AddInteger(2).AddInteger(3)
 				assert.Equal(b, 3, root.GetArray("k1").Len())
 				assert.Equal(b, `{"k1":[1,2,3]}`, root.Marshal())
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			//           ---------- ins links --------
 			//           |                |          |
 			// [init] - [A] - [12] - [BC deleted] - [D]
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewText("k1").
 					Edit(0, 0, "ABCD").
 					Edit(1, 3, "12")
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.NoError(b, err)
 			assert.Equal(b, `{"k1":[{"val":"A"},{"val":"12"},{"val":"D"}]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.GetText("k1")
 				assert.Equal(b,
 					`[0:0:00:0 {} ""][1:2:00:0 {} "A"][1:3:00:0 {} "12"]{1:2:00:1 {} "BC"}[1:2:00:3 {} "D"]`,
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			doc := document.New("d1")
 
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewText("k1").
 					Edit(0, 0, "ㅎ").
 					Edit(0, 1, "하").
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			doc := document.New("d1")
 
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 				text.Edit(0, 0, "Hello world", nil)
 				assert.Equal(
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.NoError(b, err)
 			assert.Equal(b, `{"k1":[{"val":"Hello world"}]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.GetText("k1")
 				text.Style(0, 5, map[string]string{"b": "1"})
 				assert.Equal(b,
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 				doc.Marshal(),
 			)
 
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.GetText("k1")
 				text.Style(0, 5, map[string]string{"b": "1"})
 				assert.Equal(
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 				doc.Marshal(),
 			)
 
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.GetText("k1")
 				text.Edit(5, 11, " Yorkie", nil)
 				assert.Equal(
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 				doc.Marshal(),
 			)
 
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				text := root.GetText("k1")
 				text.Edit(5, 5, "\n", map[string]string{"list": "true"})
 				assert.Equal(
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			var double = 5.66
 
 			// integer type test
-			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewCounter("age", crdt.IntegerCnt, 5)
 
 				age := root.GetCounter("age")
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.Equal(b, `{"age":128}`, doc.Marshal())
 
 			// long type test
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewCounter("price", crdt.LongCnt, 9000000000000000000)
 				price := root.GetCounter("price")
 				price.Increase(long)
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 			assert.Equal(b, `{"age":128,"price":9000000000000000123}`, doc.Marshal())
 
 			// negative operator test
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				age := root.GetCounter("age")
 				age.Increase(-5)
 				age.Increase(-3.14)
@@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ func BenchmarkDocument(b *testing.B) {
 
 			// TODO: it should be modified to error check
 			// when 'Remove panic from server code (#50)' is completed.
-			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				defer func() {
 					r := recover()
 					assert.NotNil(b, r)
@@ -475,7 +476,7 @@ func benchmarkText(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 			for c := 0; c < cnt; c++ {
 				text.Edit(c, c, "a")
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ func benchmarkTextDeleteAll(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		b.StopTimer()
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 			for c := 0; c < cnt; c++ {
 				text.Edit(c, c, "a")
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ func benchmarkTextDeleteAll(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
 		b.StartTimer()
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Edit(0, cnt, "")
 			return nil
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ func benchmarkTextEditGC(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		assert.Equal(b, "{}", doc.Marshal())
 		assert.False(b, doc.HasLocalChanges())
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 			for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
 				text.Edit(i, i, "a")
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ func benchmarkTextEditGC(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		}, "creates a text then appends a")
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
 				text.Edit(i, i+1, "b")
@@ -549,14 +550,14 @@ func benchmarkTextSplitGC(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
 			builder.WriteString("a")
 		}
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.SetNewText("k2")
 			text.Edit(0, 0, builder.String())
 			return nil
 		}, "initial")
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k2")
 			for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
 				if i != cnt {
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ func benchmarkArray(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			array := root.SetNewArray("k1")
 			for c := 0; c < cnt; c++ {
 				array.AddInteger(c)
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ func benchmarkArray(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 func benchmarkArrayGC(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("1")
 			for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
 				root.GetArray("1").AddInteger(i)
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ func benchmarkArrayGC(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 		}, "creates an array then adds integers")
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("1")
 			return nil
 		}, "deletes the array")
@@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ func benchmarkCounter(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			counter := root.SetNewCounter("k1", crdt.IntegerCnt, 0)
 			for c := 0; c < cnt; c++ {
 				counter.Increase(c)
@@ -630,7 +631,7 @@ func benchmarkObject(cnt int, b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		doc := document.New("d1")
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			for c := 0; c < cnt; c++ {
 				root.SetInteger("k1", c)
 			}
diff --git a/test/bench/grpc_bench_test.go b/test/bench/grpc_bench_test.go
index 9279bfd60..05650a643 100644
--- a/test/bench/grpc_bench_test.go
+++ b/test/bench/grpc_bench_test.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/database"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/logging"
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ func activeClients(b *testing.B, n int) (clients []*client.Client) {
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 		c, err := client.Dial(
 			defaultServer.RPCAddr(),
-			client.WithMaxRecvMsgSize(int(10*1024*1024)),
+			client.WithMaxRecvMsgSize(50*1024*1024),
 		)
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ func benchmarkUpdateAndSync(
 	key string,
 ) {
 	for i := 0; i < cnt; i++ {
-		err := d.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText(key)
 			text.Edit(0, 0, "c")
 			return nil
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ func watchDoc(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	b *testing.B,
 	cli *client.Client,
+	d *document.Document,
 	rch <-chan client.WatchResponse,
 	done <-chan bool,
 ) {
@@ -140,8 +142,8 @@ func watchDoc(
 			}
 			assert.NoError(b, resp.Err)
 
-			if resp.Type == client.DocumentsChanged {
-				err := cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(resp.Key))
+			if resp.Type == client.DocumentChanged {
+				err := cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d.Key()))
 				assert.NoError(b, err)
 			}
 		case <-done:
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ func BenchmarkRPC(b *testing.B) {
 
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			testKey := "testKey"
-			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewText(testKey)
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ func BenchmarkRPC(b *testing.B) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 		testKey1 := "testKey1"
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText(testKey1)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ func BenchmarkRPC(b *testing.B) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 		testKey2 := "testKey2"
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText(testKey2)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -230,16 +232,15 @@ func BenchmarkRPC(b *testing.B) {
 		done2 := make(chan bool)
 
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-
 			wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
 			wg.Add(2)
 			go func() {
 				defer wg.Done()
-				watchDoc(ctx, b, c1, rch1, done2)
+				watchDoc(ctx, b, c1, d1, rch1, done2)
 			}()
 			go func() {
 				defer wg.Done()
-				watchDoc(ctx, b, c2, rch2, done1)
+				watchDoc(ctx, b, c2, d2, rch2, done1)
 			}()
 
 			go func() {
@@ -270,13 +271,13 @@ func BenchmarkRPC(b *testing.B) {
 				doc1 := document.New(key.Key(helper.TestDocKey(b)))
 				doc2 := document.New(key.Key(helper.TestDocKey(b)))
 
-				err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+				err := doc1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 					text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 					text.Edit(0, 0, builder.String())
 					return nil
 				})
 				assert.NoError(b, err)
-				err = doc2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+				err = doc2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 					text := root.SetNewText("k1")
 					text.Edit(0, 0, builder.String())
 					return nil
diff --git a/test/bench/text_editing_bench_test.go b/test/bench/text_editing_bench_test.go
index 35dc74f23..6b91a45aa 100644
--- a/test/bench/text_editing_bench_test.go
+++ b/test/bench/text_editing_bench_test.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 )
 
 func BenchmarkTextEditing(b *testing.B) {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ func BenchmarkTextEditing(b *testing.B) {
 	b.StartTimer()
 
 	doc := document.New("d1")
-	err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+	err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 		root.SetNewText("text")
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ func BenchmarkTextEditing(b *testing.B) {
 		cursor := int(edit[0].(float64))
 		mode := int(edit[1].(float64))
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("text")
 			if mode == 0 {
 				value := edit[2].(string)
diff --git a/test/helper/helper.go b/test/helper/helper.go
index b324d5f27..ba6c2da1f 100644
--- a/test/helper/helper.go
+++ b/test/helper/helper.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/index"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server"
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func ToDiagnostic(node *crdt.TreeNode) string {
 // BuildIndexTree builds an index tree from the given block node.
 func BuildIndexTree(node *json.TreeNode) *index.Tree[*crdt.TreeNode] {
 	doc := document.New("test")
-	err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+	err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 		root.SetNewTree("test", node)
 
 		return nil
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ func BuildIndexTree(node *json.TreeNode) *index.Tree[*crdt.TreeNode] {
 // BuildTreeNode builds a crdt.TreeNode from the given tree node.
 func BuildTreeNode(node *json.TreeNode) *crdt.TreeNode {
 	doc := document.New("test")
-	err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+	err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 		root.SetNewTree("test", node)
 
 		return nil
@@ -230,6 +231,7 @@ func TestConfig() *server.Config {
 			AdminTokenDuration:         server.DefaultAdminTokenDuration.String(),
 			UseDefaultProject:          true,
 			ClientDeactivateThreshold:  server.DefaultClientDeactivateThreshold,
+			SnapshotInterval:           10,
 			SnapshotThreshold:          SnapshotThreshold,
 			SnapshotWithPurgingChanges: SnapshotWithPurgingChanges,
 			AuthWebhookMaxWaitInterval: AuthWebhookMaxWaitInterval.String(),
diff --git a/test/integration/admin_test.go b/test/integration/admin_test.go
index 695e783ee..cc3873baa 100644
--- a/test/integration/admin_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/admin_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func TestAdmin(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, document.StatusAttached, d1.Status())
 
 		// 03. client updates the document and sync to the server.
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -104,8 +105,8 @@ func TestAdmin(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				assert.NoError(t, resp.Err)
 
-				if resp.Type == client.DocumentsChanged {
-					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(resp.Key))
+				if resp.Type == client.DocumentChanged {
+					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d1.Key()))
 					assert.NoError(t, err)
 					return
 				}
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func TestAdmin(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 03. wait for watching document changed event.
 		wg.Wait()
-		assert.Equal(t, d1.Status(), document.StatusRemoved)
+		assert.Equal(t, document.StatusRemoved, d1.Status())
 	})
 
 	t.Run("document removal without force test", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ func TestAdmin(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, document.StatusAttached, doc.Status())
 
 		// 03. remove document that is detached by the client.
-		assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, doc, false))
+		assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, doc))
 		err = adminCli.RemoveDocument(ctx, "default", doc.Key().String(), false)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, document.StatusDetached, doc.Status())
diff --git a/test/integration/agent_test.go b/test/integration/agent_test.go
index 5b0138451..ebe9bfedc 100644
--- a/test/integration/agent_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/agent_test.go
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ func TestServer(t *testing.T) {
 					return
 				case wr := <-wrch:
 					if wr.Err == io.EOF || status.Code(wr.Err) == codes.Canceled {
-						peers := wr.PeersMapByDoc[doc.Key()]
-						assert.Len(t, peers, 0)
+						assert.Len(t, wr.Presences, 0)
 						wg.Done()
 						return
 					}
diff --git a/test/integration/array_test.go b/test/integration/array_test.go
index 5d8568ae0..90c992fcc 100644
--- a/test/integration/array_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/array_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").
 				AddString("v1").
 				AddNewArray().AddString("1", "2", "3")
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddString("v1", "v2")
 			return nil
 		}, "add v1, v2 by c1")
@@ -74,13 +75,13 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").Delete(1)
 			return nil
 		}, "delete v2 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddString("v3")
 			return nil
 		}, "add v3 by c2")
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddString("v1")
 			return nil
 		}, "new array and add v1")
@@ -107,14 +108,14 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddString("v2", "v3")
 			root.GetArray("k1").Delete(1)
 			return nil
 		}, "add v2, v3 and delete v2 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddString("v4", "v5")
 			return nil
 		}, "add v4, v5 by c2")
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddString("v1", "v2", "v3")
 			return nil
 		}, "new array and add v1 v2 v3")
@@ -141,20 +142,20 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").Delete(1)
 			return nil
 		}, "delete v2")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").Delete(1)
 			return nil
 		}, "delete v2")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			assert.Equal(t, 2, root.GetArray("k1").Len())
 			return nil
 		}, "check array length")
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(0, 1, 2)
 			assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[0,1,2]}`, root.Marshal())
 			return nil
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			prev := root.GetArray("k1").Get(0)
 			elem := root.GetArray("k1").Get(2)
 			root.GetArray("k1").MoveBefore(prev.CreatedAt(), elem.CreatedAt())
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		}, "move 2 before 0")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			prev := root.GetArray("k1").Get(1)
 			elem := root.GetArray("k1").Get(2)
 			root.GetArray("k1").MoveBefore(prev.CreatedAt(), elem.CreatedAt())
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(0, 1, 2)
 			assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[0,1,2]}`, root.Marshal())
 			return nil
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			next := root.GetArray("k1").Get(0)
 			elem := root.GetArray("k1").Get(2)
 			root.GetArray("k1").MoveBefore(next.CreatedAt(), elem.CreatedAt())
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		}))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			next := root.GetArray("k1").Get(0)
 			elem := root.GetArray("k1").Get(1)
 			root.GetArray("k1").MoveBefore(next.CreatedAt(), elem.CreatedAt())
diff --git a/test/integration/auth_webhook_test.go b/test/integration/auth_webhook_test.go
index 0c5651788..f5bb1aa5b 100644
--- a/test/integration/auth_webhook_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/auth_webhook_test.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ func TestAuthWebhook(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. multiple requests to update the document.
 		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewObject("k1")
 				return nil
 			}))
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ func TestAuthWebhook(t *testing.T) {
 		// 02. multiple requests to update the document after eviction by ttl.
 		time.Sleep(authorizedTTL)
 		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetNewObject("k1")
 				return nil
 			}))
diff --git a/test/integration/client_test.go b/test/integration/client_test.go
index 3c6a96da3..e37fe4413 100644
--- a/test/integration/client_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/client_test.go
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -88,11 +89,11 @@ func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, c3.Attach(ctx, d3))
 
 		// 02. c1, c2 sync with push-pull mode.
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("c1", 0)
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("c2", 0)
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -104,11 +105,11 @@ func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
 		// 03. c1 and c2 sync with push-only mode. So, the changes of c1 and c2
 		// are not reflected to each other.
 		// But, c3 can get the changes of c1 and c2, because c3 sync with pull-pull mode.
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("c1", 1)
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("c2", 1)
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -138,28 +139,28 @@ func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Attach(ctx, doc))
 
 		// 02. cli update the document with creating a counter
-		//     and sync with push-pull mode: CP(0, 0) -> CP(1, 1)
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		//     and sync with push-pull mode: CP(1, 1) -> CP(2, 2)
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewCounter("counter", crdt.IntegerCnt, 0)
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.Equal(t, change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 0, ServerSeq: 0}, doc.Checkpoint())
+		assert.Equal(t, change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 1, ServerSeq: 1}, doc.Checkpoint())
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(doc.Key())))
-		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 1, ServerSeq: 1})
+		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 2, ServerSeq: 2})
 
 		// 03. cli update the document with increasing the counter(0 -> 1)
-		//     and sync with push-only mode: CP(1, 1) -> CP(2, 1)
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		//     and sync with push-only mode: CP(2, 2) -> CP(3, 2)
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetCounter("counter").Increase(1)
 			return nil
 		}))
 		assert.Len(t, doc.CreateChangePack().Changes, 1)
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(doc.Key()).WithPushOnly()))
-		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 2, ServerSeq: 1})
+		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 3, ServerSeq: 2})
 
 		// 04. cli update the document with increasing the counter(1 -> 2)
-		//     and sync with push-pull mode. CP(2, 1) -> CP(3, 3)
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		//     and sync with push-pull mode. CP(3, 2) -> CP(4, 4)
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetCounter("counter").Increase(1)
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the ChangePack of the request only has the increase(1 -> 2).
 		assert.Len(t, doc.CreateChangePack().Changes, 1)
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(doc.Key())))
-		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 3, ServerSeq: 3})
+		assert.Equal(t, doc.Checkpoint(), change.Checkpoint{ClientSeq: 4, ServerSeq: 4})
 		assert.Equal(t, "2", doc.Root().GetCounter("counter").Marshal())
 	})
 }
diff --git a/test/integration/counter_test.go b/test/integration/counter_test.go
index 06c601581..4971c88e5 100644
--- a/test/integration/counter_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/counter_test.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/crdt"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ func TestCounter(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewCounter("age", crdt.LongCnt, 1).
 				Increase(2).
 				Increase(2.5).
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func TestCounter(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewCounter("age", crdt.IntegerCnt, 0)
 			root.SetNewCounter("width", crdt.LongCnt, 0)
 			root.SetNewCounter("height", crdt.LongCnt, 0)
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ func TestCounter(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetCounter("age").
 				Increase(1).
 				Increase(2).
@@ -90,13 +91,13 @@ func TestCounter(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetCounter("width").Increase(math.MaxInt32 + 100).Increase(10)
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetCounter("age").Increase(20)
 			root.GetCounter("width").Increase(100).Increase(200)
 			root.GetCounter("height").Increase(50)
diff --git a/test/integration/document_test.go b/test/integration/document_test.go
index 15b2dbffc..2a5981c3d 100644
--- a/test/integration/document_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/document_test.go
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("attach/detach test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}, "update k1 with v1")
@@ -52,12 +53,12 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, doc.IsAttached())
 
-		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc, false)
+		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, doc.IsAttached())
 
 		doc2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err = doc2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v2")
 			return nil
 		}, "update k1 with v2")
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		// 01. create a document and attach it to c1
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}, "update k1 with v1")
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, doc.IsAttached())
 
 		// 02. detach with removeIfNotAttached option false
-		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc, false)
+		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, doc.IsAttached())
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.Status(), document.StatusDetached)
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, doc.IsAttached())
 
 		// 04. detach with removeIfNotAttached option true
-		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc, true)
+		err = c1.Detach(ctx, doc, client.WithRemoveIfNotAttached())
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, doc.IsAttached())
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.Status(), document.StatusRemoved)
@@ -114,26 +115,26 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").SetNewArray("k1.1").AddString("1", "2")
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k2").AddString("1", "2", "3")
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddString("4", "5")
 			root.SetNewArray("k2").AddString("6", "7")
 			return nil
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("k2")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -173,8 +174,8 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				assert.NoError(t, resp.Err)
 
-				if resp.Type == client.DocumentsChanged {
-					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(resp.Key))
+				if resp.Type == client.DocumentChanged {
+					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d1.Key()))
 					assert.NoError(t, err)
 					return
 				}
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 
 		// 02. cli2 updates doc2.
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("key", "value")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := context.Background()
 
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1").AddInteger(1, 2)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("k1").AddInteger(3)
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		prevArray := d1.Root().Get("k1")
 		assert.Nil(t, prevArray.RemovedAt())
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("k1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, document.StatusRemoved, d1.Status())
 
 		// 04. try to update a removed document.
-		assert.ErrorIs(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}), document.ErrDocumentRemoved)
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. cli1 creates d1 and removes it.
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. cli1 creates d1 and cli2 syncs.
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
 		// 02. cli1 updates d1 and removes it.
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v2")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. cli1 creates d1 and cli2 syncs.
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 02. cli1 removes d1 and cli2 detaches d2.
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Remove(ctx, d1))
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2, false))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2))
 		assert.Equal(t, d1.Status(), document.StatusRemoved)
 		assert.Equal(t, d2.Status(), document.StatusRemoved)
 	})
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. cli1 creates d1 and cli2 syncs.
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. abnormal behavior on detached state
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1, false), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d1.Key())), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Remove(ctx, d1), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
 
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ func TestDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Remove(ctx, d1))
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Remove(ctx, d1), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d1.Key())), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
-		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1, false), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1), client.ErrDocumentNotAttached)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("removed document removal with watching test", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -469,7 +470,6 @@ func TestDocumentWithProjects(t *testing.T) {
 
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-
 			for {
 				resp := <-rch
 				if resp.Err == io.EOF {
@@ -478,62 +478,62 @@ func TestDocumentWithProjects(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				assert.NoError(t, resp.Err)
 
-				if resp.Type == client.DocumentsChanged {
-					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(resp.Key))
+				if resp.Type == client.DocumentChanged {
+					err := c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(d1.Key()))
 					assert.NoError(t, err)
+				} else {
 					responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
-						Type: resp.Type,
+						Type:      resp.Type,
+						Presences: resp.Presences,
 					})
-					return
 				}
-
-				if resp.Type == client.PeersChanged {
-					peers := resp.PeersMapByDoc[d1.Key()]
-					responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
-						Type:  resp.Type,
-						Peers: peers,
-					})
+				if len(responsePairs) == 2 {
+					return
 				}
 			}
 		}()
 
-		// c2 watches the same document, so c1 receives a peers changed event.
+		// c2 watches the same document, so c1 receives a document watched event.
 		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): nil,
-				c2.ID().String(): nil,
+			Type: client.DocumentWatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
 			},
 		})
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
 		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		defer cancel2()
 		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// c2 updates the document, so c1 receives a documents changed event.
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.DocumentsChanged,
-		})
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("key", "value")
 			return nil
 		}))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx))
 
 		// d3 is in another project, so c1 and c2 should not receive events.
 		d3 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c3.Attach(ctx, d3))
 		watch3Ctx, cancel3 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		defer cancel3()
 		_, err = c3.Watch(watch3Ctx, d3)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NoError(t, d3.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d3.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("key3", "value3")
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx))
+		assert.NoError(t, c3.Sync(ctx))
 
+		// c2 unwatch the document, so c1 receives a document unwatched event.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentUnwatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
+			},
+		})
+		cancel3()
+		cancel2()
 		wg.Wait()
 
 		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
@@ -549,9 +549,9 @@ func TestDocumentWithProjects(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("includeSnapshot test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1, false)) }()
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("testArray")
 			return nil
 		}, "add test array"))
diff --git a/test/integration/gc_test.go b/test/integration/gc_test.go
index d425f2b23..907973820 100644
--- a/test/integration/gc_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/gc_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/time"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("1", 1)
 			root.SetNewArray("2").AddInteger(1, 2, 3)
 			root.SetInteger("3", 3)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Sync(ctx)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("2")
 			return nil
 		}, "removes 2")
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("text").
 				Edit(0, 0, "Hello world")
 			root.SetNewText("richText").
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Sync(ctx)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("text").
 				Edit(0, 1, "a").
 				Edit(1, 2, "b")
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("garbage collection for tree type test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").EditByPath([]int{0, 0, 0}, []int{0, 0, 2}, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "gh"})
 			assert.Equal(t, `<doc><p><tn>gh</tn><tn>cd</tn></p></doc>`, root.GetTree("t").ToXML())
 			return nil
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.GarbageCollect(time.MaxTicket), 2)
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.GarbageLen(), 0)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").EditByPath([]int{0, 0, 0}, []int{0, 0, 2}, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "cv"})
 			assert.Equal(t, `<doc><p><tn>cv</tn><tn>cd</tn></p></doc>`, root.GetTree("t").ToXML())
 			return nil
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.GarbageCollect(time.MaxTicket), 1)
 		assert.Equal(t, doc.GarbageLen(), 0)
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").EditByPath([]int{0}, []int{1}, &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "p", Children: []json.TreeNode{{
 					Type: "tn", Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Sync(ctx)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").EditByPath([]int{0, 0, 0}, []int{0, 0, 2}, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "gh"})
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetInteger("1", 1)
 			root.SetNewArray("2").AddInteger(1, 2, 3)
 			root.SetInteger("3", 3)
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Sync(ctx)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("2")
 			root.GetText("4").Edit(0, 1, "h")
 			root.GetText("5").Edit(0, 1, "h", map[string]string{"b": "1"})
@@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ func TestGarbageCollection(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, 6, d1.GarbageLen())
 		assert.Equal(t, 0, d2.GarbageLen())
 
-		err = c2.Detach(ctx, d2, false)
+		err = c2.Detach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// (2, 1) -> (2, 2): syncedseqs:(1, x)
diff --git a/test/integration/history_test.go b/test/integration/history_test.go
index b03446da2..24134ab06 100644
--- a/test/integration/history_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/history_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -41,21 +42,21 @@ func TestHistory(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1, false)) }()
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("todos")
 			return nil
 		}, "create todos"))
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"todos":[]}`, d1.Marshal())
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("todos").AddString("buy coffee")
 			return nil
 		}, "buy coffee"))
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"todos":["buy coffee"]}`, d1.Marshal())
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("todos").AddString("buy bread")
 			return nil
 		}, "buy bread"))
@@ -64,7 +65,8 @@ func TestHistory(t *testing.T) {
 
 		changes, err := adminCli.ListChangeSummaries(ctx, "default", d1.Key(), 0, 0, true)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Len(t, changes, 3)
+		// NOTE(chacha912): When attaching, a change is made to set the initial presence.
+		assert.Len(t, changes, 4)
 
 		assert.Equal(t, "create todos", changes[2].Message)
 		assert.Equal(t, "buy coffee", changes[1].Message)
diff --git a/test/integration/main_test.go b/test/integration/main_test.go
index e217e6e7d..fc49bb486 100644
--- a/test/integration/main_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/main_test.go
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/logging"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ type clientAndDocPair struct {
 }
 
 type watchResponsePair struct {
-	Type  client.WatchResponseType
-	Peers map[string]types.Presence
+	Type      client.WatchResponseType
+	Presences map[string]innerpresence.Presence
 }
 
 var defaultServer *server.Yorkie
@@ -106,10 +106,7 @@ func clientConn() (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
 // activeClients creates and activates the given number of clients.
 func activeClients(t *testing.T, n int) (clients []*client.Client) {
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		c, err := client.Dial(
-			defaultServer.RPCAddr(),
-			client.WithPresence(types.Presence{"name": fmt.Sprintf("name-%d", i)}),
-		)
+		c, err := client.Dial(defaultServer.RPCAddr())
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.NoError(t, c.Activate(context.Background()))
 
diff --git a/test/integration/object_test.go b/test/integration/object_test.go
index 33a158c3c..da1e95275 100644
--- a/test/integration/object_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/object_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").
 				SetString("k1.1", "v1").
 				SetString("k1.2", "v2").
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("k1")
 			root.GetObject("k2").Delete("k2.2")
 			return nil
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k1")
 			return nil
 		}, "set v1 by c1")
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("k1")
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":"v1"}`, d1.Marshal())
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.Delete("k1")
 			root.SetString("k1", "v2")
 			return nil
@@ -116,12 +117,12 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// 01. concurrent set on same key
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v1")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k1 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k1", "v2")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k1 by c2")
@@ -129,19 +130,19 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
 		// 02. concurrent set between ancestor descendant
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k2")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k2 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k2", "v2")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k2 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetObject("k2").SetNewObject("k2.1").SetString("k2.1.1", "v2")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k2.1.1 by c2")
@@ -149,12 +150,12 @@ func TestObject(t *testing.T) {
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
 		// 03. concurrent set between independent keys
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k3", "v3")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k3 by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("k4", "v4")
 			return nil
 		}, "set k4 by c2")
diff --git a/test/integration/peer_awareness_test.go b/test/integration/peer_awareness_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 316d52e22..000000000
--- a/test/integration/peer_awareness_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-//go:build integration
-
-/*
- * Copyright 2021 The Yorkie Authors. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/key"
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
-)
-
-func TestPeerAwareness(t *testing.T) {
-	clients := activeClients(t, 2)
-	c1, c2 := clients[0], clients[1]
-	defer deactivateAndCloseClients(t, clients)
-
-	t.Run("WatchStarted and PeersChanged event test", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1, false)) }()
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2, false)) }()
-
-		var expected []watchResponsePair
-		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
-		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
-		wgEvents.Add(1)
-
-		// starting to watch a document
-		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		defer cancel1()
-		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		go func() {
-			defer func() {
-				wgEvents.Done()
-			}()
-			for {
-				select {
-				case <-time.After(time.Second):
-					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
-					return
-				case wr := <-wrch:
-					if wr.Err != nil {
-						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
-						return
-					}
-
-					if wr.Type == client.PeersChanged {
-						peers := wr.PeersMapByDoc[d1.Key()]
-						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
-							Type:  wr.Type,
-							Peers: peers,
-						})
-
-						if len(peers) == 1 {
-							return
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// 01. PeersChanged is triggered when another client watches the document
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): c1.Presence(),
-				c2.ID().String(): c2.Presence(),
-			},
-		})
-		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// 02. PeersChanged is triggered when another client updates its presence
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.UpdatePresence(ctx, "updated", "true"))
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): c1.Presence(),
-				c2.ID().String(): c2.Presence(),
-			},
-		})
-
-		// 03. PeersChanged is triggered when another client closes the watch
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): c1.Presence(),
-			},
-		})
-		cancel2()
-
-		wgEvents.Wait()
-
-		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Watch multiple documents test", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := context.Background()
-
-		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		d3 := document.New(key.Key(helper.TestDocKey(t) + "2"))
-		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1, false)) }()
-
-		var expected []watchResponsePair
-		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
-		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
-		wgEvents.Add(1)
-
-		// starting to watch a document
-		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		defer cancel1()
-		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		go func() {
-			defer func() {
-				wgEvents.Done()
-			}()
-			for {
-				select {
-				case <-time.After(time.Second):
-					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
-					return
-				case wr := <-wrch:
-					if wr.Err != nil {
-						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
-						return
-					}
-
-					if wr.Type == client.PeersChanged {
-						peers := wr.PeersMapByDoc[d1.Key()]
-						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
-							Type:  wr.Type,
-							Peers: peers,
-						})
-
-						if len(peers) == 1 {
-							return
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// 01. PeersChanged is triggered when another client watches the document
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): c1.Presence(),
-				c2.ID().String(): c2.Presence(),
-			},
-		})
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2, false)) }()
-		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d3))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d3, false)) }()
-
-		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		watch3Ctx, cancel3 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		_, err = c2.Watch(watch3Ctx, d3)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// 02. PeersChanged is triggered when another client closes the watch
-		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
-			Type: client.PeersChanged,
-			Peers: map[string]types.Presence{
-				c1.ID().String(): c1.Presence(),
-			},
-		})
-		cancel2()
-		cancel3()
-
-		wgEvents.Wait()
-
-		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
-	})
-}
diff --git a/test/integration/presence_test.go b/test/integration/presence_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ff65809c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/presence_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Yorkie Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	gojson "encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/innerpresence"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
+)
+
+func TestPresence(t *testing.T) {
+	clients := activeClients(t, 2)
+	c1, c2 := clients[0], clients[1]
+	defer deactivateAndCloseClients(t, clients)
+
+	t.Run("update presence by calling Document.Update test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create a document and attach it to the clients
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
+
+		// 02. Update the root of the document and presence
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+			root.SetString("key", "value")
+			p.Set("updated", "true")
+			return nil
+		}))
+		encoded, err := gojson.Marshal(d1.Presences())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":{"updated":"true"}}`, c1.ID()), string(encoded))
+
+		// 03 Sync documents and check that the presence is updated on the other client
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx))
+		encoded, err = gojson.Marshal(d2.Presences())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":{"updated":"true"},"%s":{}}`, c1.ID(), c2.ID()), string(encoded))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("presence with snapshot test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create a document and attach it to the clients
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
+
+		// 02. Update the root of the document and presence
+		for i := 0; i < int(helper.SnapshotThreshold); i++ {
+			assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+				root.SetString("key", "value")
+				p.Set("updated", strconv.Itoa(i))
+				return nil
+			}))
+		}
+		encoded, err := gojson.Marshal(d1.Presences())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":{"updated":"9"}}`, c1.ID()), string(encoded))
+
+		// 03 Sync documents and check that the presence is updated on the other client
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx))
+		encoded, err = gojson.Marshal(d2.Presences())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":{"updated":"9"},"%s":{}}`, c1.ID(), c2.ID()), string(encoded))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("presence with attach and detach test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create a document and attach it to the clients
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1, client.WithPresence(innerpresence.Presence{"key": c1.Key()})))
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2, client.WithPresence(innerpresence.Presence{"key": c2.Key()})))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
+
+		// 02. Check that the presence is updated on the other client.
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, innerpresence.Presence{"key": c1.Key()}, d1.MyPresence())
+		assert.Equal(t, innerpresence.Presence{"key": c2.Key()}, d1.Presence(c2.ID().String()))
+		assert.Equal(t, innerpresence.Presence{"key": c2.Key()}, d2.MyPresence())
+		assert.Equal(t, innerpresence.Presence{"key": c1.Key()}, d2.Presence(c1.ID().String()))
+
+		// 03. The first client detaches the document and check that the presence is updated on the other client.
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1))
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, innerpresence.Presence{"key": c2.Key()}, d2.MyPresence())
+		assert.Nil(t, d2.Presence(c1.ID().String()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("presence-related events test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create two clients and documents and attach them.
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
+
+		// 02. Watch the first client's document.
+		var expected []watchResponsePair
+		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
+		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		wgEvents.Add(1)
+
+		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel1()
+		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		go func() {
+			defer func() {
+				wgEvents.Done()
+			}()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(time.Second):
+					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
+					return
+				case wr := <-wrch:
+					if wr.Err != nil {
+						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
+						return
+					}
+					if wr.Type != client.DocumentChanged {
+						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
+							Type:      wr.Type,
+							Presences: wr.Presences,
+						})
+					}
+					if len(responsePairs) == 3 {
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// 03. Watch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentWatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
+			},
+		})
+		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// 04. Update the second client's presence.
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+			p.Set("updated", "true")
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.PresenceChanged,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		// 05. Unwatch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentUnwatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		cancel2()
+
+		wgEvents.Wait()
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unwatch after detach events test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create two clients and documents and attach them.
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+
+		// 02. Watch the first client's document.
+		var expected []watchResponsePair
+		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
+		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		wgEvents.Add(1)
+
+		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel1()
+		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		go func() {
+			defer func() {
+				wgEvents.Done()
+			}()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
+					return
+				case wr := <-wrch:
+					if wr.Err != nil {
+						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
+						return
+					}
+					if wr.Type != client.DocumentChanged {
+						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
+							Type:      wr.Type,
+							Presences: wr.Presences,
+						})
+					}
+
+					if len(responsePairs) == 4 {
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// 03. Watch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentWatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
+			},
+		})
+		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel2()
+		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// 04. Update the second client's presence.
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+			p.Set("updated", "true")
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.PresenceChanged,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		// 05. Unwatch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.PresenceChanged,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): nil,
+			},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentUnwatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): nil,
+			},
+		})
+		cancel2()
+
+		wgEvents.Wait()
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("detach after unwatch events test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// 01. Create two clients and documents and attach them.
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+
+		// 02. Watch the first client's document.
+		var expected []watchResponsePair
+		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
+		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		wgEvents.Add(1)
+
+		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel1()
+		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		go func() {
+			defer func() {
+				wgEvents.Done()
+			}()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
+					return
+				case wr := <-wrch:
+					if wr.Err != nil {
+						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
+						return
+					}
+					if wr.Type != client.DocumentChanged {
+						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
+							Type:      wr.Type,
+							Presences: wr.Presences,
+						})
+					}
+
+					if len(responsePairs) == 3 {
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// 03. Watch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentWatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
+			},
+		})
+		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel2()
+		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// 04. Update the second client's presence.
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
+			p.Set("updated", "true")
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.PresenceChanged,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		// 05. Unwatch the second client's document.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentUnwatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		cancel2()
+
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2))
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		wgEvents.Wait()
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("watching multiple documents test", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// 01. Two clients attach two documents with the same key, and watch them.
+		// But the second client also attaches another document.
+		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
+		d3 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t) + "2")
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
+
+		// 02. Watch the first client's document.
+		var expected []watchResponsePair
+		var responsePairs []watchResponsePair
+		wgEvents := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		wgEvents.Add(1)
+
+		watch1Ctx, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel1()
+		wrch, err := c1.Watch(watch1Ctx, d1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		go func() {
+			defer func() {
+				wgEvents.Done()
+			}()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(time.Second):
+					assert.Fail(t, "timeout")
+					return
+				case wr := <-wrch:
+					if wr.Err != nil {
+						assert.Fail(t, "unexpected stream closing", wr.Err)
+						return
+					}
+
+					if wr.Type != client.DocumentChanged {
+						responsePairs = append(responsePairs, watchResponsePair{
+							Type:      wr.Type,
+							Presences: wr.Presences,
+						})
+					}
+
+					if len(responsePairs) == 2 {
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// 03. The second client attaches a document with the same key as the first client's document
+		// and another document with a different key.
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
+		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d3))
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, c2.Detach(ctx, d3)) }()
+
+		// 04. The second client watches the documents attached by itself.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentWatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): d2.MyPresence(),
+			},
+		})
+		watch2Ctx, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		_, err = c2.Watch(watch2Ctx, d2)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx, client.WithDocKey(helper.TestDocKey(t))))
+
+		watch3Ctx, cancel3 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		_, err = c2.Watch(watch3Ctx, d3)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// 05. The second client unwatch the documents attached by itself.
+		expected = append(expected, watchResponsePair{
+			Type: client.DocumentUnwatched,
+			Presences: map[string]innerpresence.Presence{
+				c2.ID().String(): {},
+			},
+		})
+		cancel2()
+		cancel3()
+
+		wgEvents.Wait()
+
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, responsePairs)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/test/integration/primitive_test.go b/test/integration/primitive_test.go
index 24f2e8303..747eb598a 100644
--- a/test/integration/primitive_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/primitive_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ func TestPrimitive(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewObject("k1").
 				SetBool("k1.1", true).
 				SetInteger("k1.2", 2147483647).
diff --git a/test/integration/retention_test.go b/test/integration/retention_test.go
index 2f33cd3fa..fc36fa2df 100644
--- a/test/integration/retention_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/retention_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
@@ -28,11 +27,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	monkey "github.com/undefinedlabs/go-mpatch"
 
-	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/api/types"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/client"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/change"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/background"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/database/mongo"
@@ -57,6 +56,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("history test with purging changes", func(t *testing.T) {
 		conf := helper.TestConfig()
 		conf.Backend.SnapshotWithPurgingChanges = true
+		conf.Backend.SnapshotInterval = 0
 		testServer, err := server.New(conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal(err)
@@ -66,10 +66,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 			logging.DefaultLogger().Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		cli, err := client.Dial(
-			testServer.RPCAddr(),
-			client.WithPresence(types.Presence{"name": fmt.Sprintf("name-%d", 0)}),
-		)
+		cli, err := client.Dial(testServer.RPCAddr())
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Activate(context.Background()))
 		defer func() {
@@ -85,21 +82,21 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, cli.Attach(ctx, doc))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, doc, false)) }()
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli.Detach(ctx, doc)) }()
 
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewArray("todos")
 			return nil
 		}, "create todos"))
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"todos":[]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("todos").AddString("buy coffee")
 			return nil
 		}, "buy coffee"))
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"todos":["buy coffee"]}`, doc.Marshal())
 
-		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetArray("todos").AddString("buy bread")
 			return nil
 		}, "buy bread"))
@@ -120,6 +117,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("snapshot with purging changes test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		serverConfig := helper.TestConfig()
 		// Default SnapshotInterval is 0, SnapshotThreshold must also be 0
+		serverConfig.Backend.SnapshotInterval = 0
 		serverConfig.Backend.SnapshotThreshold = 0
 		serverConfig.Backend.SnapshotWithPurgingChanges = true
 		testServer, err := server.New(serverConfig)
@@ -131,10 +129,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 			logging.DefaultLogger().Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		cli1, err := client.Dial(
-			testServer.RPCAddr(),
-			client.WithPresence(types.Presence{"name": fmt.Sprintf("name-%d", 0)}),
-		)
+		cli1, err := client.Dial(testServer.RPCAddr())
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		err = cli1.Activate(context.Background())
@@ -147,9 +142,9 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, cli1.Attach(ctx, d1))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli1.Detach(ctx, d1, false)) }()
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli1.Detach(ctx, d1)) }()
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create 6 changes
 		for _, edit := range edits {
-			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.GetText("k1").Edit(edit.from, edit.to, edit.content)
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -207,10 +202,7 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 		// one is most recent ServerSeq and one is one older from the most recent ServerSeq
 		assert.Len(t, changes, 2)
 
-		cli2, err := client.Dial(
-			testServer.RPCAddr(),
-			client.WithPresence(types.Presence{"name": fmt.Sprintf("name-%d", 1)}),
-		)
+		cli2, err := client.Dial(testServer.RPCAddr())
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		err = cli2.Activate(context.Background())
@@ -222,11 +214,11 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, cli2.Attach(ctx, d2))
-		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli2.Detach(ctx, d2, false)) }()
+		defer func() { assert.NoError(t, cli2.Detach(ctx, d2)) }()
 
 		// Create 6 changes
 		for _, edit := range edits {
-			err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.GetText("k1").Edit(edit.from, edit.to, edit.content)
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -243,6 +235,6 @@ func TestRetention(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		assert.Len(t, changes, 8)
+		assert.Len(t, changes, 9)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/test/integration/snapshot_test.go b/test/integration/snapshot_test.go
index a4f03ca2b..7e3cc3a73 100644
--- a/test/integration/snapshot_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/snapshot_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/server/backend/background"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// 01. Update changes over snapshot threshold.
 		for i := 0; i <= int(helper.SnapshotThreshold); i++ {
-			err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err := d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.SetInteger(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), i)
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// 02. Makes local changes then pull a snapshot from the server.
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetString("key", "value")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		for _, edit := range edits {
-			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.GetText("k1").Edit(edit.from, edit.to, edit.content)
 				return nil
 			})
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -153,14 +154,14 @@ func TestSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 		for i := 0; i <= int(helper.SnapshotThreshold); i++ {
-			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+			err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 				root.GetText("k1").Edit(i, i, "x")
 				return nil
 			})
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 		}
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "o")
 			return nil
 		})
diff --git a/test/integration/text_test.go b/test/integration/text_test.go
index c7e39dc0a..3d1e0287f 100644
--- a/test/integration/text_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/text_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		}, "set a new text by c1")
@@ -52,13 +53,13 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "ABCD")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 0,0 ABCD by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "1234")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 0,0 1234 by c2")
@@ -66,13 +67,13 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(2, 3, "XX")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 2,3 XX by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(2, 3, "YY")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 2,3 YY by c2")
@@ -80,13 +81,13 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(4, 5, "ZZ")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 4,5 ZZ by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(2, 3, "TT")
 			return nil
 		}, "edit 2,3 TT by c2")
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "Hello world", nil)
 			return nil
 		}, `set a new text with "Hello world" by c1`)
@@ -113,14 +114,14 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Style(0, 1, map[string]string{"b": "1"})
 			return nil
 		}, `set style b to "H" by c1`)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			text := root.GetText("k1")
 			text.Style(0, 5, map[string]string{"i": "1"})
 			return nil
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		}, "set a new text by c1")
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "123")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(3, 3, "456")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(6, 6, "789")
@@ -159,14 +160,14 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"123"},{"val":"456"},{"val":"789"}]}`, d2.Marshal())
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(1, 7, "")
 			return nil
 		}, "delete block by c1")
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"1"},{"val":"89"}]}`, d1.Marshal())
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(2, 5, "")
 			return nil
 		}, "delete block by c2")
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err := c1.Attach(ctx, d1)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewText("k1")
 			return nil
 		}, "set a new text by c1")
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		err = c2.Attach(ctx, d2)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 0, "0")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(1, 1, "0")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(2, 2, "0")
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		syncClientsThenAssertEqual(t, []clientAndDocPair{{c1, d1}, {c2, d2}})
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"0"},{"val":"0"},{"val":"0"}]}`, d2.Marshal())
 
-		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(1, 2, "1")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(1, 2, "1")
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(1, 2, "")
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ func TestText(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `{"k1":[{"val":"0"},{"val":"0"}]}`, d1.Marshal())
 
-		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetText("k1").Edit(0, 3, "")
 			return nil
 		}, "delete the range includes above new nodes")
diff --git a/test/integration/tree_test.go b/test/integration/tree_test.go
index beceb8f44..2d6d36edb 100644
--- a/test/integration/tree_test.go
+++ b/test/integration/tree_test.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/json"
+	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/pkg/document/presence"
 	"github.com/yorkie-team/yorkie/test/helper"
 )
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("tree", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			// 01. Create a tree and insert a paragraph.
 			root.SetNewTree("t").Edit(0, 0, &json.TreeNode{
 				Type:     "p",
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("created from JSON test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("created from JSON with attributes test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("edit its content test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "<doc><p>ab</p></doc>", doc.Root().GetTree("t").ToXML())
 
-		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err = doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("edit its content with path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("edit its content when multi tree nodes passed", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "doc",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("edit its content with attributes test", func(t *testing.T) {
 		doc := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
-		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		err := doc.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{Type: "doc"})
 			assert.Equal(t, "<doc></doc>", root.GetTree("t").ToXML())
 
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "root",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "root",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Sync(ctx))
 		assert.Equal(t, `<root><p>ab</p><p italic="true">cd</p></root>`, d1.Root().GetTree("t").ToXML())
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Style(3, 4, map[string]string{"bold": "true"})
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "root",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -394,11 +395,11 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(1, 1, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "A"})
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(1, 1, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "B"})
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "root",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -430,11 +431,11 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(2, 2, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "A"})
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(2, 2, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "B"})
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d1 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c1.Attach(ctx, d1))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.SetNewTree("t", &json.TreeNode{
 				Type: "root",
 				Children: []json.TreeNode{{
@@ -465,11 +466,11 @@ func TestTree(t *testing.T) {
 		d2 := document.New(helper.TestDocKey(t))
 		assert.NoError(t, c2.Attach(ctx, d2))
 
-		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d1.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(3, 3, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "A"})
 			return nil
 		}))
-		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object) error {
+		assert.NoError(t, d2.Update(func(root *json.Object, p *presence.Presence) error {
 			root.GetTree("t").Edit(3, 3, &json.TreeNode{Type: "text", Value: "B"})
 			return nil
 		}))