spider.py

#-*- coding = utf-8 -*-
#@Time:2021/1/22 17:07
#@Author:张微
#@File:spider.py
#@Software:PyCharm

import re  # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配
import sqlite3
import urllib.error  # 指定URL，获取网页数据
import urllib.request
import xlwt  # 进行excel操作
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # 网页解析，获取数据


def main():
    baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    datalist = getData(baseurl)
    ##保存到excle表格
    # savepath = "豆瓣电影Top250.xls"
    # saveData(datalist,savepath)
    #保存到数据库
    dbpath = "movie.db"
    saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath)
    # askURL("https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=0")
# 影片详情链接的规则
findlink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">')  # 创建正则表达式对象，表示规则（字符串的模式）
# 影片图片
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S)  # re.S 让换行符包含在字符中
# 影片的片名
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>')
# 影片评分
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>')
# 评价人数
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')
# 找到概况
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>')
# 找到影片相关内容
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S)
#爬取网页
def getData(baseurl):
    datalist = []
    #逐一解析数据
    for i in range(0,10):       #调用获取页面信息的函数10次
        url = baseurl+str(i*25)
        html = askURL(url)      #保存获取到的网页源码
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
        for item in soup.find_all('div',class_="item"):   #查找符合要求的字符串，形成列表
            # print(item)             #测试：查看电影item所有信息
            data = []                  #保存一部电影的所有信息
            item = str(item)           #将取得的内容转换成字符串
            #获取影片链接
            link = re.findall(findlink,item)[0]     #re库通过正则表达式匹配对应内容
            data.append(link)
            imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc,item)[0]
            data.append(imgSrc)
            titles = re.findall(findTitle,item)
            if(len(titles)==2):
                ctitle = titles[0]
                data.append(ctitle)
                otitle = titles[1].replace("/","")
                data.append(otitle)
            else:
                data.append(titles[0])
                data.append(' ')
            rating = re.findall(findRating,item)[0]
            data.append(rating)
            judgeNum = re.findall(findJudge,item)[0]
            data.append(judgeNum)
            inq = re.findall(findInq,item)
            if len(inq) !=0:
                inq = inq[0].replace("。","")
                data.append(inq)
            else:
                data.append(" ")
            bd = re.findall(findBd,item)[0]
            bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s)?'," ",bd)
            bd = re.sub('/',"",bd)
            data.append(bd.strip())   #去掉前后空格

            datalist.append(data)
    return datalist

#得到指定一个URL的网页内容
def askURL(url):
    #用户代理，表示告诉豆瓣服务器，我们是什么类型的机器，浏览器（本质上是告诉浏览器，我们可以接收什么水平的内容）
    head = {                           #模拟浏览器头部信息，向豆瓣服务器发送消息
        "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36"
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=head)
    html = ""
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
        # print(html)
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
        if hasattr(e,"code"):
            print(e.code)
        if hasattr(e,"reason"):
            print(e.reason)
    return html
#保存数据
def saveData(datalist,savepath):
    print("save.......")
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0)
    sheet = book.add_sheet('豆瓣电影Top250',cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    col = ("电影链接","图片链接","影片中文名","影片外国名","评分","评价数量","概况","相关信息")
    for i in range(0,8):
        sheet.write(0,i,col[i])
    for i in range(0,250):
        print("第%d条"%(i+1))
        data = datalist[i]
        for j in range(0,8):
            sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])
    book.save(savepath)
def saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath):
    init_db(dbpath)
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cur = conn.cursor()

    for data in datalist:
        for index in range(len(data)):
            if index == 4 or index == 5:
                continue
            data[index] = '"'+data[index]+'"'
        sql = '''
                insert into movie250(
                info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,introduction,info)
                values (%s)'''%",".join(data)
        cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
    print("...")
def init_db(dbpath):
    sql = '''
        create table movie250
        (
        id integer primary key autoincrement,
        info_link text,
        pic_link text,
        cname varchar,
        ename varchar,
        score numeric,
        rated numeric,
        introduction text,
        info text
        )    
    '''   #创建数据库
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
#调用函数
    main()
    print("爬取完毕！")