result.csv

keyword word_score
os control

52

13

powerpc 32-bit memory management 

formats

powerpc 32-bit address translation

53

54

required reading

• stallings chapter 8
• stallings 128.887493471
graphics frame buffers

• 32 bit effective address
– 12 bit byte selector 

• =4kbyte pages

– 16 bit page id

• 64k pages 126.499159664
william stallings

chapter 2

operating system overview
operating system overview

dave bremer

otago polytechnic 116.778992937
operating systems

• stages include
• stages include

– serial processing
– simple batch systems
– multiprogrammed batch systems
– time sharing systems

serial processing

• 105.040590452
paging
• unsegmented unpaged

– virtual address = physical address
– low complexity
– high performance
• unsegmented paged

– memory viewed 98.2307840827
time slot

21

22

process control block

pcb diagram

identifier

•
• state
• priority
• program counter
• memory pointers
• context data
•
• accounting information 97.707891437
– microkernel architecture
– multithreading
– multithreading
– symmetric multiprocessing
– distributed operating systems
– object-oriented design

microkernel architecture

• 87.3069789859
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

major advances

• operating systems 79.840232234
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

single-user
multitasking

• 73.202020755
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

modular

monolithic kernel
• 72.674476404
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

operating system

• 68.9236409821
– improper synchronization
– improper synchronization
– failed mutual exclusion
– non-determinate program operation
– deadlocks

components 65.9048391368
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

description 65.8490795786
– dynamic linking
– stackable modules

linux kernel modules

linux kernel
components

objectives 63.4257936508
• segmented paged

access control

47

48

12

pentium ii segmentation

pentium ii protection

• 62.5626633518
modern operating 

systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux

evolution 61.7157462452
modern 

operating systems

– microsoft windows overview
– unix systems
– linux 59.8490795786
paging

45

46

pentium ii

pentium ii address translation 

mechanism

• hardware 55.0840646497
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

•  data integrity 52.1448638513
response time 

20 % 
33 % 
33 % 
33 % 
30 min 
6 jobs/hr 
18 min 

40 % 
67 % 
67 % 
67 % 
15 min 

12 jobs/hr 

10 min 
table 51.8260611261
access control
– long-term storage

virtual memory

• file system implements long-term store
• virtual memory 51.705709785
issue

19

20

5

short term scheduler

process states

• dispatcher
• fine grained decisions 51.1308484092
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

needed block 49.7655823141
paging
– berkeley unix

• segmented unpaged

– paging manages allocation 48.9752647715
computer resources

william stallings 

computer organization 

operating system support 48.4658559019
– scheduling
– setup time

simple batch systems

• resident monitor program
• users submit jobs 48.4529693989
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

 

os typically 47.7058024296
level 0

49

50

pentium ii paging

powerpc memory management hardware

• segmentation 47.6986999588
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

 
type 46.4623241688
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

 

program 45.9944526828
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

functions 45.6170860735
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

 

figure  2 45.1156575021
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 43.7956575021
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

3 43.7956575021
computer application 

 

ch-2 operating system overview 

operating system 

2 43.7956575021
page directory
• 1024 entries max
• splits 4g linear memory 43.2938640974
segment
• unsegmented virtual memory 232 = 4gbytes
• segmented 246=64 terabytes

– 42.1208949097
manageable subproblems

os design hierarchy

roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 40.1239920453
virtual 

memory

39

40

10

page table structure

translation lookaside buffer

• 36.5506906042
disrupting 
system integrity

roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 35.7055137845
virtual memory

windows architecture

client/server model

• windows os 35.6080961143
tlb holding 32 page table entries

51

• 32 bit – paging 35.5774173965
data

9

10

desirable hardware features

multi-programmed batch systems

• memory protection

– 32.038941439
main memory

virtual memory

virtual memory

addressing

information protection 31.863751464
physical 

memory access
– fetch page table entry
– fetch data

• 31.6638627065
computer system

operating system services

• program creation
• program execution
• access 31.5182665988
smp advantages

• performance

– allowing parallel processing

• availability

– failure 31.2656862745
line-at-a-time scroll mode terminals affects os design 31.1476449275
variable sized partitions

29

30

fixed

partitioning

variable sized partitions 29.8455128205
prentice hall

roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 29.7888471178
operating systems
– major achievements
– developments leading 29.5982955125
5 principal storage 

management responsibilities
– process isolation
– automatic allocation 29.5492550026
application
• accounting

– collect usage statistics 
– monitor performance 28.8004481793
block address translation

– map 4 large blocks 28.7842105263
batch multiprogramming versus time sharing

6

operating systems 28.6645937435
rpc

windows objects

• windows draws heavily 28.5707070707
– scheduling
– setup time

simple batch system

• early computers 28.3372395841
time

• solutions

– good page replacement algorithms
– reduce number 28.0601269119
base register – limit register  address binding  base register 27 27.5916083916
multi-programming
• long term
• medium term
• short term
• 27.3357142857
page table

– tlb

41

42

tlb operation

tlb 27.2567187714
paged linear address space
– protection 26.2148148148
unix

traditional unix kernel

system 26.1527777778
17

18

long term scheduling

medium term scheduling

• determines 25.9778911565
services
– fixes

roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 25.3483709273
process scheduling

25

26

memory management

• uni-program

– memory split 25.3115838068
– availability
– confidentiality
– data integrity
– authenticity

scheduling 24.9512471655
job

time sharing
minimize response time
commands entered 24.9348302848
small chunks -page 

frames

• split programs 24.8855072464
single byte level
– translation table needed 24.0645412652
rtos solution demonstrates unique performance characteristics 23.1918767507
30  modern general purpose operating systems permit 22.9337435257
instance

roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 22.3602756892
external hardware errors
– software errors 
– operating system 22.1500708403
operating system 

batch multi-programming 
maximize processor’ 22.0563074353
operating system

interactive

•
• batch
• single program 21.51916855
operating system

batch multiprogramming
maximize processor 21.0896407686
modern operating 
– developments leading 20.7976462896
roadmap

– operating system objectives/functions
– 20.7888471178
multi-access systems

• system access

– controls access 20.5465670374
unique interface
– os presents standard interface 20.4101449275
job

• monitor handles scheduling

6

8

2

memory layout 19.8325894057
pentium iv extended instruction set 19.4758241758
operating

systems

• operating systems 19.4234817814
multiple 

users
users

• multiple users simultaneously access 19.406621137
accidentally  reading  job  control 
instructions 19.2739393939
– single secondary memory space

• early stage 19.2699425287
simple segmentation

– 64 bit paging 19.1618357488
smallest legal physical memory address 18.9732758621
job1 

heavy compute 

5 min 
50 mb 18.967032967
paging

virtual memory

• demand paging

– 18.9093007068
contiguous memory allocation types virtual memory 18.8851964128
operator
• operator batches jobs
• monitor controls sequence 18.820530303
architecture

6th edition
week 10 18.7142857143
time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based 18.695074224
30     simple batch systems  early computers 18.6607952434
kernel
– address spaces
– interprocess communication 18.5666666667
programs

utilization

15

16

4

time sharing systems

scheduling

• 18.4005962758
utilization histograms

time sharing systems

• 18.313048213
called real memory
• user/programmer sees 18.1982758621
cpu
• operating system relinquishes control 17.996130031
exploit modern 
32-bit 17.9492753623
– basic scheduling

multithreading

• process 17.8400320827
– fairness
– differential responsiveness
– efficiency

key elements 17.7979691877
multiprocessing

distributed

operating systems

• 17.7117408907
2003

operating system overview 17.7109250399
multiprogrammed
batch systems

• cpu 17.5143036702
simple batch operating 
system 17.3199720315
architecture optimizes input/output performance 17.1966386555
define logical memory partitions subject 17.1633568337
memory fragmentation page description table 30 17.0223023258
operating system

system structure

• view 16.8443749233
microsoft windows 2000 / 7 / 8 16.8328613235
assign 200/10 = 20ms cpu time 16.6688659247
monitor improves job setup time 16.6188557389
resident monitor

job control language

instructions 16.5174314574
principal storage management responsibilities 16.4321428571
process
• operating system maintains list 16.2569971143
developed

• major advances include 16.1272378517
algorithm – deadlock avoidance  deadlock prevention  25 16.125
• operating system relinquishes control 16.0745614035
operating system

• program development
– editors 16.0277425491
monitor

job control language

• special type 16.0183838384
equal sized small 

chunks 16.0
fall 2003

jinzhong niu september 15 16.0
maximize processor utilization

• monitor
• monitor

– software 15.9238528139
operating system
• programs interact directly 15.8934019832
system

• incremental growth

– additional processors 15.75
1000 microsecond  process hierarchy  context switching  16 15.7061285213
called pages
• virtual address 15.7035714286
modern 
– developments leading 15.6397515528
3 multiprogrammed batch systems 15.5927350427
multiprogramming operating systems impose 15.545074224
scheduling means extra cpu time 15.5209067411
•  failed  mutual  exclusion 15.5
modern  operating 
systems 15.4943495863
modern operating systems 15.4943495863
developed batch operating systems 15.3484558665
virtual memory involves separation 15.1208949097
operating system
• machines run 14.9692982456
base address

• split memory 14.9232758621
time sharing 

maximize response time 14.8742242242
modern operating system 14.8571700992
desirable hardware

features

• memory protection 14.8470000471
required

• page fault

– required page 14.818369453
• major advances include 14.7794117647
microsoft windows 14.702020202
large mainframe computer systems 14.6878267364
memory
• operating system spends 14.5645039322
local address spaces
– protection 14.5481481481
users

services cont…

• controlled access 14.5291277153
32-bit offset
• 2 bits 14.5
multitasking operating systems  multitasking 14.4176232436
run concurrently

• thread

– dispatchable unit 14.3947368421
resources

services cont…

• error detection 14.370952381
file system implements 14.3541666667
– increase main memory 

• expensive
• leads 14.3066091954
case linear address space 14.2974358974
run multiple 

programs

• main drivers 14.28175924
cache operation

43

44

11

segmentation

advantages 14.2179487179
multi-programmed batch system 14.2055555556
numerous tasks 
– os handles scheduling 14.1788524105
hole

31

32

8

variable sized partitions 14.1102564103
disrupting 
operating system 14.0745614035
operation

• user mode

– user program executes 14.0507085451
files
• system access
• error detection 13.8424600658
attributes remain essentially unchanged 13.8333333333
load-time address binding schemes 13.8
computer  system  development  created  problems 13.798170469
termed serial processing 13.7761904762
real-time  transaction 
processing  systems 13.6871794872
identify physical storage sites 13.6071428571
job control language commands
provided 13.6050505051
partitions
– unix system 13.5560897436
recent history

37

38

thrashing

bonus

• 13.5
diagnose
• errors typically include 13.4692307692
scheduling algorithms scheduling algorithms 13.4540816327
– processes
– memory management
– information protection 13.4417123008
batch operating system 13.3634502924
batch  operating  system 13.3634502924
large operating systems 13.3117408907
threads

symmetric

multiprocessing 13.2857142857
major theoretical advances 13.2794117647
handle multiple 

interactive jobs

• processor’ 13.21003996
executed

• kernel mode

– monitor executes 13.2084356725
5

7

early systems

• late 1940s 13.2038461538
stages 13.0
collect usage statistics 13.0
process

process management

memory management

• 12.9492583948
require contiguous page frames
• 12.9150326797
resource management
– system 

process

• fundamental 12.9002928537
memory management hardware detects 12.8095661846
degrading pure cpu performance 12.8039215686
simple batch systems 12.7992567819
2 simple batch systems 12.7992567819
data loaded
– clock generates interrupts 12.7908730159
handle multiple batch jobs 12.7791486291
dynamic partitioning

33

34

relocation

paging

• 12.7727743271
interthread communication facilities include 12.7555555556
4kbyte pages

• 12.7142857143
simpler 
operating  systems 12.7117408907
mainframe operating systems 12.7117408907
contemporary  operating  systems 12.7117408907
partitioning

• long term queue 12.6785714286
hardware technologies devel-
opment 12.6612903226
executing program

• multi-program

– “user” part 12.6172655992
operating system design 12.5745614035
make serial processing 12.553968254
sophisticated memory management techniques 12.4816091954
application program development tools 12.4769906694
application  programs  require  means 12.4299516908
real-time operating systems 12.4117408907
older operating systems 12.3784075574
virtual address space 12.3642857143
task consumes system storage 12.3452380952
state diagram 12.3103448276
batch job list won’ 12.2939393939
cpu time called quantum time 12.291163222
process

• protection bits give 4 levels 12.2341786302
distributed computer systems 12.2306838792
operating system – objectives 12.1995614035
operating system objectives 12.1995614035
+------------+
+-------------------+

controlled
components 12.1944444444
simple batch  system 12.1620772947
time-sharing  operating  systems 12.1617408907
time-sharing operating systems 12.1617408907
operating  systems  meet 12.1117408907
mainframe operating system 12.0745614035
operating system research 12.0745614035
operating system pcsc-301 12.0745614035
multitasking operating systems 12.0646820672
• program execution

– os handles scheduling 12.0609809246
operations include os calls 12.0562987737
bit  • greater capacity 12.0444444444
wasted computer processing time 12.0396112132
job 
duration 
memory required 11.9891450806
access forbidden memory location 11.9758863038
access  forbidden  memory  location 11.9758863038
required 30-minute time period 11.9358937885
development

object-oriented design

• 11.9210526316
memory
– operating system 11.8978372656
real-time operating system 11.7745614035
operating system first 11.7412280702
automatic job sequencing provided 11.732034632
level page table lookup

– 11.7027485481
consumable resource node dot 11.6706349206
reusable resource node dot 11.6706349206
microkernel assigns 11.6666666667
support  multiple  processes 
include 11.6462658077
operating system occurs 11.6459899749
slow human reaction time 11.6222972973
slow  human  reaction  time 11.6222972973
multiple users simultaneously access 11.5933412796
multiple  users 
simultaneously  access 11.5933412796
common software design techniques 11.5757575758
architecture helps provide 11.5714285714
handle multiple interactive jobs 11.5671828172
small kernel

• enables programmers 11.5666666667
multiprogramming operating systems 11.545074224
multiprogramming  operating  systems 11.545074224
project mac

• time slicing 11.4972972973
shell  accepts  user  commands 11.4898989899
short 

•

term scheduler 11.4761904762
kernel mode
– privileged instructions 11.4286111111
multitasking operating system 11.42750258
required number page frames 11.4264261058
operating system interleaving 11.4078947368
unix shell file 11.3958333333
virtual 
address consisting 11.3642857143
including operating system 11.3602756892
system clock generated interrupts 11.3583333333
data segments

• simplifies handling 11.3492063492
prentice hall 1998

• loads 11.3333333333
• 

improper  synchronization 11.2857142857
ctss

• compatible time-sharing system 11.2833333333
primitive operating system 11.2412280702
users actively requesting service 11.2134581105
managing 

resources

• resource allocation policies 11.1826129426
operating system service 11.1654704944
run multiple commands automatically 11.1629186603
subsequently alternately grants access 11.1526104418
operating system code 11.0745614035
operating  system  exploits 11.0745614035
designing system software
• error 11.0638528139
systems combine segmentation 11.0538461538
monopolizing system

• privileged instructions

– 11.0466666667
partition description table 11.0454545455
1 simple program execution attributes 11.0386502532
single main memory space 11.0366091954
manageable 
subproblems 11.0
mutual exclusion mechanism 11.0
total memory space exists 10.9899425287
physical memory address 10.9732758621
 physical memory address 10.9732758621
graphics terminal typically 10.95
multiprogramming 
operating  system 10.9078947368
monitor automatically begins loading 10.8966666667
operating system principles 10.8745614035
physical 

memory

paging

• 10.8341454273
medium term 
scheduler 10.8095238095
virtual memory committed 10.7875615764
overwriting common memory areas 10.7816091954
hardware
hardware

• main objectives 10.7809139785
multiprocessor • distributed processing 10.7761904762
1 serial processing 10.7761904762
serial processing 10.7761904762
distributed processing environments 10.7761904762
uniprocessor system • multiprocessing 10.7738095238
process id 10.7379912664
effective computer capacity 10.7339805825
effective  computer  capacity 10.7339805825
resource management

• key responsibility 10.7162231559
important operating system 10.7109250399
provide data flow path 10.7063492063
called job control language 10.6300505051
modules
– loadable modules
– 10.6
os provided message passing 10.5958592133
different components 10.5833333333
os  frequently  relinquishes  control 10.5672877847
control

• job returns control 10.5606060606
client/server model
– common 10.5476190476
interrupt os gained control 10.5283267457
improper 
design 10.5
unix system 10.4791666667
single system

• processes communicate 10.4580839895
run multiple programs concurrently 10.4484259067
special hardware components 10.4112903226
time sharing systems 10.3844767845
transaction processing system 10.35
program
• physical address 10.3487951807
development
• early stage 10.3210526316
error  occurs  causing 
control 10.3095238095
reducing  disk  write  time 10.2867709815
• key object oriented concepts 10.2524064171
time-
sharing system 10.25
simple  batch  environment 10.245410628
early systems presented 10.2038461538
plato ii 10.1666666667
process  process control block  13 10.1601930591
• memory pointers 10.1566091954
base register holds 300040 10.1487179487
computer system hardware 10.1119375718
make space
– select page 10.0816993464
real-time 
transaction systems 10.0538461538
multiprogramming  batch  system 10.0388888889
major achievements 10.0294117647
define 
program  modules 9.99879518072
multiuser interactive systems 9.9641025641
earliest computer system 9.95064724919
16 segment registers

• segment registers 9.94871794872
overwhelmingly complex undertaking 

 

prepared 9.94444444444
early  computer  models 9.93398058252
exploit paging capabilities 9.92753623188
problem involves controlling access 9.921841211
airline reservation system 9.91666666667
linux 9.9
implement memory systems 9.87712201592
message system – processes communicate 9.86379827522
cpu

11

12

3

single program

multi-programming 9.80036380817
cpu time called quantum 9.79386592475
virtual memory reference 9.78756157635
5

principal objective
source 9.75
concurrency – mutual exclusion 9.75
powerful hardware components 9.74462365591
pentium iii 9.71428571429
adding modular extensions 9.71428571429
operating 

systems 9.71174089069
operating systems 9.71174089069
operating systems

• 9.71174089069
operating
systems 9.71174089069
operating  systems 9.71174089069
operating systems

55

14

1 9.71174089069
management
– automatic allocation 9.70412087912
unauthorized modification 
•  authenticity 9.7
computer hardware features 9.6952709051
unique identifier 9.66666666667
logical address space 9.66315789474
resident monitor consuming 5000 9.63238095238
dos batch file 9.62222222222
compatible time-sharing system 9.61666666667
printer
printer

• problems include 9.53361344538
object-oriented design 9.5
human reaction time 9.4972972973
modern os separates 9.49275362319
30     logical memory address 9.48643375681
discuss virtual memory 9.45422824302
long-term scheduler controls 9.45178571429
15 min 
100 mb 9.42857142857
10 min 
75 mb 9.42857142857
cooperating process  cpu scheduling  18 9.42826737682
called  kernel  mode 9.42361111111
mutual exclusion creates 9.4
protection mechanism
• 14 bits 9.39814814815
multiple  user  jobs  reside 9.39444444444
computer memory/ storage 9.39112343967
minimal processing capabilities 9.38333333333
virtual address 9.36428571429
virtual 
address 9.36428571429
windows 

development developed 9.35978780944
computer system consists 9.32564724919
exploitation means management 9.325
automatic job processing 9.26536796537
graphics terminals 9.25
resumes  control  long 9.25
minimize turnaround time 9.2472972973
schedule different processes 9.24475065617
time sharing

early 9.23063063063
requires  saving 
hardware  registers 9.21898263027
manipulating computer hardware 9.1952709051
computer system resources 9.19064724919
computer  system  resources 9.19064724919
system 
software tools 9.1829004329
simple batch-processing scheme 9.17874396135
modular programming
– protection 9.17012617013
automatic job sequencing 9.13203463203
monolithic kernel

– 9.11111111111
maximize cpu utilization 9.10014005602
provide easily accessible
interfaces 9.07936507937
meet difficult practical problems 9.07647058824
– operating system 9.07456140351
operating system 9.07456140351
logical address generated 9.06315789474
minimize 
response  time 9.04359359359
minimize  disk  traffic 9.03947368421
reserve 
computer time 9.03127787982
entries 
include 9.0
im-
poses control 9.0
replace binary strings 9.0
thing worth mentioning 9.0
numerous tasks 

required 8.97192982456
ordinary computer software
– 8.94307149162
ordinary computer software 8.94307149162
system programs comprises 8.90217391304
monitor performance parameters 8.89568627451
monitor  performance parameters 8.89568627451
includes pointers 8.88888888889
single-processor multiprogramming systems 8.88717948718
achieve greatest performance 8.88235294118
single sequential thread 8.88
single  sequential  thread 8.88
process p1 holds rb 8.85920338759
process kernel handling 8.84910237749
batch systems 8.84273504274
different moments 8.83333333333
general-purpose time sharing 8.83063063063
maximize  processor  utilization 8.82142857143
maximize processor utilization 8.82142857143
paging  systems 8.81471571906
memory management hardware 8.80956618465
long-term store 8.8
facilitates  system  evolution 8.78333333333
$run makes control transferred 8.74473684211
manages 
secondary memory 8.73994252874
specialized scheduling algorithms 8.72704081633
key design objective 8.72058823529
shared variables  ipc facility 8.71666666667
hierarchical architecture 8.71428571429
system response time 8.71026026026
os relinquishes 
control 8.71014492754
data

• file system 8.70337301587
single memory component 8.70327586207
distributed systems 8.6967032967
con-
trolling facility 8.66666666667
main  memory  concurrently 8.6566091954
random access memory 8.6425529705
overview 8.63636363636
non-contiguous memory allocation 8.63096816976
event-driven system switches 8.61666666667
overwhelmingly complex undertaking 8.61111111111
scheduling arrival time 8.59933811362
niced process wait waiting 8.59269212108
monopolizing system
– prevent 8.58333333333
dynamic memory allocation 8.55953959833
tcp/ip socket communication 8.55555555556
monitors     interprocess communication 8.55555555556
multi-access systems
– 8.55384615385
multiple programs concurrently 8.55368906456
system

• privileged instructions

– 8.54666666667
dedicated personal computer 8.53398058252
properly designed system 8.52777777778
multiprogramming  batch  operation 8.50683760684
ahmet Özkurt

1

layers 8.5
preceding item apply 8.5
reserve time slots 8.4972972973
regular  time  intervals 8.4972972973
time elapses due 8.4972972973
main  memory 
simultaneously 8.48994252874
called time
sharing 8.45563063063
equal-size fixed partitions 8.45192307692
scheduling algorithms assume 8.44132653061
single processor system 8.43952380952
machine language instruction set 8.43675213675
process control block 8.42220179269
toy  system  put 8.41666666667
interactive computing facility 8.41025641026
scheduling algorithms decide 8.39370748299
terminals

batch multiprogramming 8.37222222222
operation systems
evolve 8.36703296703
demonstrated time-sharing system 8.36666666667
general-
purpose tools 8.35714285714
process  index  register 8.35337588176
monitor  retains  control 8.34666666667
monitor regains control 8.34666666667
system service call 8.34090909091
mixture

• page directory 8.30392156863
require periodic access 8.26372155288
ipc mechanism offering 8.25
execution-time address-binding scheme 8.22222222222
user

ctss operation

problems 8.21765162942
different users 8.20588235294
generates object code 8.18181818182
dynamic partitioning strategies 8.17857142857
paging  system 8.17753623188
additional control problems 8.17647058824
fairly  sophisticated  compared 8.16666666667
fairly sophisticated compared 8.16666666667
smp schedules processes 8.16141732283
main  memory 
physically 8.1566091954
shuffle memory contents 8.1566091954
main  memory  space 8.1566091954
physical address 8.15
memory management unit 8.14827586207
 memory management unit 8.14827586207
algorithms include 8.125
meet performance requirements 8.11568627451
pass input/output commands 8.1
high levels 8.09803921569
computer systems 8.08782673637
smallest leftover hole 8.08333333333
events

• resident monitor 8.07682539683
dynamic allocation strategies 8.0695970696
client  multiple instances 8.06818181818
job  control 
statements 8.06060606061
specific system resources 8.05666666667
file system facilities 8.05416666667
direct memory access 8.0425529705
graph edge directed 8.04166666667
simple  signaling  technique 8.02795031056
job control language 8.00505050505
low 8.0
mutual exclusion 4 8.0
join adjacent holes 8.0
•  differential  responsiveness 8.0
commands entered 8.0
mutual exclusion 8.0
generate relocatable code 8.0
resume  user 
processing 7.95656565657
mmu relocation register 7.94871794872
independent hardware component 7.94700460829
assume  minimal  processor  requirements 7.94047619048
shared buffers 7.93333333333
required memory resulted 7.92853901996
dynamic  mapping  hardware 7.92319508449
batch processing 7.92222222222
batch  processing 7.92222222222
fork system call 7.91666666667
active 

processes

swapping

• problem 7.90564809207
external hardware errors 7.89718775848
defined interfaces 7.88888888889
common processing resource 7.8873015873
storage allocation scheme 7.88705738706
wasted time due 7.8722972973
wasted  time  due 7.8722972973
events
– batch jobs 7.8696969697
remaining 
resident portion 7.86904761905
os grants access 7.8627553693
provide food quickly 7.85714285714
avoiding manual operations 7.84615384615
shorter time scale 7.83063063063
context-switch time depends 7.83063063063
virtual storage 7.82142857143
• faster access time 7.81657440573
single non-sharable resource 7.80063492063
address binding 7.8
maintenance function periodically 7.8
incur greater overhead 7.8
virtual 
memory 7.78756157635
virtual  memory 7.78756157635
virtual memory 7.78756157635
perspective

• monitor controls 7.78416666667
receiving status information 7.78387096774
multiprocessing system 7.77380952381
scheduling 
decisions 7.76870748299
levels conforms nicely 7.76470588235
segmentation

• paging 7.76086956522
cpu time sharing 11 7.75219925808
sharing cpu time 7.75219925808
overwhelmingly complexity 7.75
respective process ids 7.73799126638
addressing scheme 7.72222222222
os functionality resides 7.71014492754
os  regained 
control 7.71014492754
higher priority level 7.70564516129
– program returns control 7.69879518072
access
authorised users 7.69182612804
supports  modular  programming 7.68864468864
large hole
– compaction 7.68333333333
involved numerous 
steps 7.66666666667
applied  varies  greatly 7.66666666667
- 

early  computers 7.66153846154
user interacts directly 7.65656565657
user interacts 
directly 7.65656565657
exit system call 7.65
high-level language program 7.64323962517
priori claim maximum 7.64285714286
memory pdt access 7.6425529705
maximum allowable time 7.64015444015
user 

access
access

– 7.62845320677
effective development 7.62105263158
64-bit microprocessors

• designed 7.61111111111
resource allocation graph 7.60332722833
base address 7.6
equal sized 7.6
wasted memory
– leads 7.59827586207
processor  register 
contents 7.59157509158
windows  nt  4 7.59090909091
windows ce 7.59090909091
programming language fortran 7.58547008547
•  nondeterminate  program  operation 7.58341056534
largest leftover hole 7.58333333333
concurrent process management 7.56299126638
status

23

24

6

key elements 7.55630252101
control systems 7.55384615385
mainframe systems 7.55384615385
avoiding external fragmentation 7.54358974359
high degree 7.53333333333
context-switch speed varies 7.52380952381
cpu scheduling algorithm 7.52360944378
provide protection mechanisms 7.50529100529
provide  protection 
mechanisms 7.50529100529
principle objective 
source 7.5
voluntarily release control 7.5
work
– dispatchable unit 7.5
intel x86 series 7.5
multiple tasks share 7.4904040404
external identifier 7.46666666667
priority level relative 7.45564516129
computer system 7.45064724919
computer 
system 7.45064724919
/o-intensive business applications 7.44444444444
preceding list separately 7.44444444444
bit 7.44444444444
loop back interface 7.43333333333
smp system 7.41666666667
underneath hardware resources 7.40129032258
write data items 7.34920634921
growing data structures
• 7.34920634921
issues

• multiple jobs 7.3474025974
computer operator 7.33398058252
reading 7.33333333333
increasing access time 7.31657440573
preemptive preemptive first- 7.28571428571
large block 7.28421052632
fortran source program 7.28212851406
special input/output controllers 7.26666666667
paging mechanism 7.26086956522
shortest remaining time 7.2472972973
address memory 7.22327586207
older  systems 7.22051282051
older multiprogramming model 7.21428571429
•  setup time 7.21158301158
setup time 7.21158301158
setup  time 7.21158301158
application program 7.19879518072
application program 10 7.19879518072
application  program 7.19879518072
main storage locations 7.19047619048
hapless  user  typically 7.1898989899
user program wishes 7.18869417062
– encapsulation
– object class 7.18181818182
levels software dependent
– 7.17379679144
vary 
greatly  depending 7.16666666667
primitive  signal  mechanism 7.16666666667
secondary store 7.16666666667
time

– hardware upgrades 7.15858761988
•  long-term  storage 7.15714285714
long-term storage 7.15714285714
real address 7.15
support multiple processes 7.14626580768
including process scheduling 7.12574636842
3 batch multi-programming 7.08888888889
user logical memory 7.0763327467
run multiple 
• designed 7.0740297714
• accounting information 7.05529953917
os jointly control 7.04347826087
programmer interacted directly 7.04166666667
magnetic  tape  drive 7.03333333333
programs  share  memory 7.03100533067
memory

• monitor reads 7.02708538588
transfer control back 7.02380952381
multiple independent processes 7.01531342673
long-term scheduler 7.01428571429
30    long-term scheduler 7.01428571429
time-sharing  systems 7.00384615385
notable additional feature 7.0
p2 holds ra 7.0
time periods spent 6.9972972973
views

services provided 6.99285714286
user program executes 6.98869417062
user  program  status 6.98869417062
application programs 6.98550724638
application programs

• 6.98550724638
general purpose tasks 6.97272727273
os controls access 6.96692203597
multiple processes reside 6.92959914102
elapsed time 
throughput 6.92586872587
program
– execution context 6.92526576896
processes require access 6.92513887571
paging hardware 6.9221598878
practical system 6.91666666667
• processes indirectly aware 6.91141732283
counting  os  overhead 6.91014492754
counting os overhead 6.91014492754
secondary storage devices 6.90218790219
final control problem 6.89423076923
multiple modules 6.86818181818
response
• accounting

3

2

4

1 6.86772486772
disk de-
fragmentation 6.86639676113
program counter 6.86546184739
• program counter 6.86546184739
 demand paging 6.86086956522
user  program  area 6.85536083729
user program area 6.85536083729
average  resource  utilization 6.84920634921
resource management module 6.84563492063
internal identifier 6.83333333333
 base register 6.81538461538
base register 6.81538461538
major  elements 6.81512605042
job” simply means 6.81060606061
single system 6.79666666667
intervening  idle  time 6.78301158301
multiprogrammed 6.75
write variable 6.75
memory system 6.73994252874
•  process  isolation 6.73799126638
• system access 6.7359437751
•  system access 6.7359437751
related partition exists 6.72727272727
scheduling algorithms 6.72704081633
monitor

• interrupts

modes 6.72166666667
multi-programming system 6.71666666667
manage multi-

•

programming 6.70769230769
major problems 6.70588235294
external storage devices 6.70218790219
general term 6.7012987013
slower access speed 6.67641996558
share global variables 6.67222222222
decisions dynamically 6.66666666667
• logical address 6.66315789474
logical address 6.66315789474
processes exhibit cooperation 6.66141732283
devices
• controlled access 6.64209993126
resident monitor 6.63238095238
privileged  instructions  lead 6.63
system mode 6.60416666667
• processes directly aware 6.5780839895
physical memory 6.57327586207
physical memory  28 6.57327586207
– message size fixed 6.5724789916
software development process 6.56813480705
unix 6.5625
automation systems 6.55384615385
public systems 6.55384615385
interrupt nice running 6.54545454545
run time

• characteristics 6.53489128226
program creation 6.53212851406
major progresses 6.52941176471
storage medium 6.52380952381
memory blocks shared 6.52327586207
including  storage  devices 6.52123552124
limit registers specifies 6.51981351981
achieve  maximum  efficiency 6.51785714286
setup 
sequence 6.51428571429
lower layers deal 6.5
•  deadlocks 6.5
include  libraries 6.5
multiple processes executing 6.49150390292
race condition occurs 6.4880952381
special process created 6.48799126638
“process 
– execution context 6.46446185461
intermediate queue
– swap 6.45833333333
final result depends 6.45833333333
kernel call 6.44444444444
million machine instructions 6.4441025641
transaction processing 6.43333333333
batch jobs 6.42525252525
jcl command provided 6.4
extremely 

expensive
– important 6.38636363636
long-term  queue 6.38333333333
long-term 
queue 6.38333333333
•  automatic  allocation 6.37912087912
application programmer 6.375
time-sharing system 6.36666666667
4 time-sharing system 6.36666666667
time-sharing  system 6.36666666667
compiler program first 6.36546184739
called  pages 6.33928571429
end user views 6.33605283605
buffers 6.33333333333
include internal 6.33333333333
short burst 6.33333333333
specialized channel hardware 6.32795698925
memory

– segmentation 6.32327586207
specific system 6.31666666667
page directory 6.30392156863
operation system 6.30128205128
system  users 6.28921568627
entire  batch 6.28888888889
entire batch 6.28888888889
fetch  instructions 6.28
bypass paging

– 6.26086956522
multiuser system 6.25
multiuser  system 6.25
event requiring notification 6.25
system call 6.25
resources include 6.24
major os 6.23955669224
system structure 6.22435897436
monitor  loads  job1 6.21846153846
computer spends 6.20064724919
computer  hardware 6.1952709051
computer hardware 6.1952709051
user program code 6.18869417062
resource manager

evolution 6.1873015873
user
– user program 6.17859316052
link external devices 6.17837837838
categories include 6.16666666667
term process 6.16656269495
time

• solutions 6.16396396396
hardware 
features 6.16129032258
limit register 6.16083916084
 limit register 6.16083916084
output  operations  active 6.16043956044
require os designers 6.15458937198
fast access times 6.15261044177
memory management 
3 6.14827586207
memory management 6.14827586207
processing time 6.13063063063
batch multiprogramming 6.12222222222
page table 6.12210338681
resource manager

types 6.12063492063
prevent  independent  processes 6.11379827522
scheduling policies 6.10204081633
short-term  queue  consists 6.10119047619
 demand segmentation 6.1
run larger programs 6.08024408848
larger programs

– swapping

27

28

7 6.06050724638
os assigns r1 6.04347826087
single-processor computer 6.03398058252
major  lines 6.02941176471
process batch
• 6.02688015526
modular programming 6.02197802198
modular  programming 6.02197802198
finish transferring data 6.01587301587
systems set 6.01538461538
computer

• key 6.00456881782
integrity 6.0
global variable 6.0
control mechanism 6.0
extended  periods 6.0
project mac 6.0
event-driven design 6.0
linking 6.0
batch os 5.99903381643
logical pages 5.97744360902
fair share amount 5.97222222222
•  memory protection 5.97142401022
memory  protection 5.97142401022
key design 5.97058823529
status 1 0 100 allocated  2 100 120 allocated 3 220 300 5.96666666667
smaller  systems 5.95384615385
memory hierarchy  8 5.94827586207
memory hierarchy 5.94827586207
memory  hierarchy 5.94827586207
special language 5.94444444444
kernel
functions 5.93253968254
required memory 5.92853901996
principal tool 5.91666666667
system  managers 5.91666666667
system collects 5.91666666667
system ran 5.91666666667
system managers 5.91666666667
multiple-processor system 5.91666666667
segment

– 4 bits 5.91666666667
required page
– 5.90918472652
executing real-time applications 5.90634920635
system programs 5.90217391304
degrade performance 5.88235294118
limit simultaneously  5.87878787879
interactive

• multi-programming 5.87692307692
desired priority 5.875
storage space 5.85714285714
control tools 5.85714285714
os  adds  jobs 5.8465085639
dynamic partitioning 5.84523809524
system resource 5.8373015873
powerful segmentation

• 5.83333333333
different 5.83333333333
time 
sharing 5.83063063063
time sharing 5.83063063063
time  sharing 5.83063063063
memory  space 5.82327586207
functions

• convenience

– making 5.82142857143
access control 5.81927710843
control access 5.81927710843
access  control 5.81927710843
simple reads 5.81366459627
modules 
dynamically 5.8
work
– executes sequentially 5.8
30   fixed partitioning 5.79166666667
fixed partitioning 5.79166666667
– convenience
– efficiency
– ability 5.775
interactive mode 5.76442307692
complex channel programs 5.76328502415
variable   receive 5.75
multiprogramming system 5.75
variable length 5.75
long time 5.7472972973
management
– support 5.74166666667
memory partitioning 29 5.73994252874
•  error detection 5.7380952381
system functions 5.7380952381
• error detection 5.7380952381
computer  program 5.73277576325
fixedsize 
pages 5.71428571429
free frames
• 5.71428571429
process user programs 5.71339750265
users simultaneously 5.70588235294
good claim 5.7
allocate processor time 5.69570999571
machine  level  instructions 5.69141439206
process  list  built 5.68243571082
improve performance 5.68235294118
improve  performance 5.68235294118
maximize  throughput 5.67857142857
cpu states 5.67156862745
special type 5.66666666667
storage allocation 5.66483516484
storage  allocation 5.66483516484
context information 5.66034155598
system  resources 5.65666666667
system 
resources 5.65666666667
system resources 5.65666666667
design issues 5.64285714286
information protection 5.63201911589
time required 5.60256045519
windows 2000 5.59090909091
windows 5.59090909091
“windows” 5.59090909091
equal-size partitions 5.57692307692
real memory 5.57327586207
• automatic conversion 5.57142857143
rtos performs 5.57142857143
common 
functions 
loaded 5.55476190476
equal size
– process 5.54975597226
computer networks 5.53398058252
dedicated computer 5.53398058252
multiple computers 5.52972027972
• context data 5.52567693744
context data 5.52567693744
final binding 5.525
secondary storage 5.52380952381
secondary  storage 5.52380952381
computer programs 5.5194878289
shared  system 5.51666666667
interruption 
•  confidentiality 5.5
alter

• timer

– prevent 5.5
returns control 5.5
control returns 5.5
issue 5.5
signaling  mechanism 5.5
pass control 5.5
time  slicing 5.4972972973
completes  processing 5.49047619048
completes processing 5.49047619048
memory area 5.48994252874
secondary  memory 5.48994252874
memory segment 5.48994252874
secondary memory 5.48994252874
process states  14 5.48799126638
small hole 5.48333333333
system programmers 5.47222222222
key  mechanism 5.47058823529
key  responsibility 5.47058823529
simple ms-dos 5.45652173913
priority level 5.45564516129
interactive users 5.44947209653
multiple  users 5.44073083779
multiple users 5.44073083779
dynamic – shell 5.42857142857
multics system 5.41666666667
sophisticated support 5.41666666667
early 
1970s 5.4
early versions 5.4
free block 5.3984962406
run  concurrently 5.39473684211
wasted space 5.375
• efficiency

– allowing 5.375
monitor” means 5.34666666667
necessarily simultaneously  5.33333333333
involves mounting 5.33333333333
richer  sharing 5.33333333333
special cache 5.33333333333
simplest  techniques 5.33333333333
physical addresses 5.33333333333
orderly management 5.325
total memory 5.32327586207
access time 5.31657440573
uniprogramming 

multiprogramming 

 
processor 5.30952380952
design 

principles 5.3
design principles 5.3
simple situation 5.28985507246
status information 5.28387096774
pages

• allocate 5.26984126984
variable number 5.26724137931
• controlled access 5.26372155288
•  controlled  access 5.26372155288
dynamic  mapping 5.2619047619
controls access 5.25677710843
file access 5.25677710843
file  access 5.25677710843
single users 5.25254901961
programming language 5.25213675214
programming 
language 5.25213675214
late  1940s 5.25
resource management 5.24563492063
resource management 
5 5.24563492063
30 preemptive scheduling 5.24489795918
short-term scheduling 5.24489795918
process tree results 5.23799126638
early 
multiprogramming 5.23333333333
direct  access 5.21927710843
direct access 5.21927710843
running process takes 5.21526399365
os 
handles 5.21014492754
os handles 5.21014492754
os maintains 5.21014492754
os design 5.21014492754
os  design 5.21014492754
multiple jobs 5.20454545455
translated automatically 5.2
maintain good 5 5.2
powerful tools 5.19047619048
software errors 5.17832167832
context switch 5.17647058824
current 

context 5.17647058824
control problems 5.17647058824
system behavior 5.16666666667
context-switch time 5.16396396396
clock time 5.16396396396
• main memory 5.1566091954
memory location 5.1566091954
main 

•

memory 5.1566091954
main 
memory 5.1566091954
memory accessible 5.1566091954
main  memory 5.1566091954
main memory 5.1566091954
simple examples 5.15652173913
monitor executes 5.14666666667
preemptive policies 5.14285714286
issues commands 5.14285714286
control jobs 

• 5.13636363636
typical hierarchy 5.125
processor

uniprogramming

• processor 5.11904761905
early os 5.11014492754
computer task 5.10540915395
scheduling duties 5.10204081633
scheduling methodology 5.10204081633
first-served scheduling 5.10204081633
block size 5.0959752322
logical memory 5.08643375681
main objective 5.08333333333
smallest hole 5.08333333333
single program 5.07879518072
hardware support 5.07795698925
• fixed-sized partitions

– 5.07692307692
interactive sessions 5.07692307692
global memory 5.07327586207
fair access 5.06927710843
terminal

table 1 5.06818181818
multiple instances 5.06818181818
interactive user 5.06682206682
memory error 5.06137110016
processes running
– fit 5.05535671677
directed graph 5.04166666667
clock interrupts 5.04166666667
share access 5.04149933066
computer exclusively 5.03398058252
job3 half 
finished 5.025
unauthorized access 5.01927710843
program

• access 5.01807228916
monitor first 5.01333333333
provide protection 5.00529100529
provide  protection 5.00529100529
assumes control 5.0
recent proliferation 5.0
transfers  control 5.0
entry 5.0
alternately  seize 5.0
seized 
control 5.0
byte 5.0
sending commands 5.0
•  availability 5.0
reducing capacity 5.0
phrase “control 5.0
regaining control

• 5.0
monolithic 5.0
orderly  control 5.0
application 5.0
regaining  control 5.0
design constraints 5.0
web sites 5.0
• identifier 5.0
turnaround time 4.9972972973
earliest  computers 4.96153846154
source program 4.94879518072
higher-level language 4.94444444444
assembly language 4.94444444444
single job 4.94060606061
device-by-device  utilization 4.92857142857
functions required 4.92669172932
fixed-sized partitioning 4.91666666667
microprocessors

– support 4.91666666667
good os 4.91014492754
scheduling  function 4.90204081633
communication link 4.88888888889
limit based 4.87878787879
programmer
• segmentation 4.875
fixed boundaries 4.875
authorised users 4.87254901961
larger – depends 4.86666666667
transfer control 4.85714285714
short-term scheduler 4.85714285714
existing tools 4.85714285714
chapter 4.85714285714
chapter 6 4.85714285714
chapter 5 4.85714285714
device management 4.85625
limit registers 4.85314685315
non-preemptive scheduling 4.85204081633
disk
• processes “swapped” 4.85089100705
cpu utilization 4.85014005602
active
– half 4.85
receiving data 4.84920634921
resource utilization 4.84920634921
including communication 4.84126984127
difference 4.83333333333
simultaneously  busy 4.83333333333
interact directly 4.83333333333
time  scale 4.83063063063
preemptive mode 4.83035714286
typically called 4.825
• splitting memory 4.82327586207
memory technologies 4.82327586207
memory cells 4.82327586207
memory unit 4.82327586207
– increased memory 4.82327586207
overcommit memory 4.82327586207
reference memory 4.82327586207
memory limitations 4.82327586207
large-capacity memory 4.82327586207
assigning 
memory 4.82327586207
controlling access 4.81927710843
legally access 4.81927710843
access rights 4.81927710843
denied access 4.81927710843
access

• contention 4.81927710843
interrupt handling 4.81818181818
multiple units 4.81818181818
user  memory 4.81317485197
missing page 4.80392156863
1024 page groups 4.80392156863
page # 21

 

csc33200 4.80392156863
single resource 4.80063492063
jcl commands 4.8
response  time 4.79359359359
response time 4.79359359359
programs

13

14

multi-programming 4.78550724638
monitor  controls 4.78416666667
device failure 4.78125
controlled 
jointly 4.77777777778
job scheduler 4.77489177489
information needed 4.76958525346
errors appeared 4.76923076923
fixing errors 4.76923076923
scheduling 
policy 4.76870748299
scheduling criteria 4.76870748299
scheduling policy 4.76870748299
complexity 4.75
designated 
privileged 4.75
components 4.75
involve loading 4.75
common software 4.74242424242
additional process 4.73799126638
computer easier 4.73398058252
early 1960s 4.73333333333
context includes 4.73202614379
machine depending 4.73076923077
multiple processes 4.72959914102
improve utilization 4.72857142857
improve  utilization 4.72857142857
resource allocation 4.72832722833
resource  allocation 4.72832722833
execution  context 4.72647058824
execution context 4.72647058824
software structure 4.71678321678
control signals 4.71428571429
medium-term scheduler 4.71428571429
control  signals 4.71428571429
model  proposed 4.71428571429
30 medium-term scheduler – 4.71428571429
memory
instructions 4.70327586207
soft real-time 4.7
memory speed 4.68041871921
user mode 
– 4.6773989899
user mode 4.6773989899
resource node 4.67063492063
automatically blocked 4.66666666667
attributes listed 4.66666666667
channel commands 4.66666666667
upgraded easily 4.66666666667
fully exploit 4.66666666667
full-featured facility 4.66666666667
greatly improved 4.66666666667
computing  environment 4.66666666667
16-bit segment 4.66666666667
• hardware upgrades 4.66129032258
underlying hardware 4.66129032258
underlying  hardware 4.66129032258
hardware bus 4.66129032258
hardware platform 4.66129032258
data registers 4.6568986569
data structure 4.6568986569
memory internal 4.6566091954
memory requirements 4.6566091954
maximum time 4.64015444015
minimal  interfaces 4.63888888889
cpu scheduler 4.63585434174
needed  data 4.63492063492
data needed 4.63492063492
privileged  instructions 4.63
•  privileged  instructions 4.63
called
libraries 4.625
program development 4.6198478123
•  program  development 4.6198478123
• program development 4.6198478123
object file 4.61931818182
access function 4.61927710843
single process 4.61799126638
key characteristics 4.61344537815
security
– scheduling 4.60204081633
common interface 4.6
greater detail 4.6
user

demand 4.5898989899
user demand 4.5898989899
service time 4.58820638821
resource type 4.5873015873
make  allocation 4.58547008547
largest hole 4.58333333333
unauthorized  users 4.57254901961
unauthorized users 4.57254901961
accounting 4.57142857143
•  accounting 4.57142857143
• accounting 4.57142857143
requires access 4.56927710843
– multiple processors
– 4.56818181818
job monopolizing 4.56060606061
shortest job 4.56060606061
services directly 4.55952380952
page
offset 4.55392156863
systems 4.55384615385
parallel execution 4.55
monitor program 4.54546184739
agreed limit  4.54545454545
external fragmentation 4.54358974359
 external fragmentation 4.54358974359
free memory 4.53756157635
tasks based 4.53333333333
fortran program 4.53212851406
error message 4.52380952381
single  processor 4.52285714286
single processor 4.52285714286
common object 4.51515151515
main object 4.51515151515
main problems 4.50980392157
split 4.5
1024 entries 4.5
relinquishing  control 4.5
relinquish  control 4.5
store 4.5
work space 4.5
faster memories 4.5
global
– half 4.5
include 4.5
regain control 4.5
viewed 4.5
organized properly 4.5
hierarchical layers 4.5
time discipline 4.4972972973
minimum  time 4.4972972973
time gap 4.4972972973
requesting  process 4.48799126638
clock  interrupt 4.48484848485
losing information 4.48387096774
storing 
information 4.48387096774
monitor

– jobs 4.48303030303
single module 4.48
fragmentation leads 4.47692307692
• main issues 4.47619047619
fair share 4.47222222222
key 

differences 4.47058823529
key difference 4.47058823529
key 
difference 4.47058823529
p4 executes 4.46666666667
7090/7094 computers 4.46153846154
computers  attached 4.46153846154
multiple-access computers 4.46153846154
called multiprogramming 4.45833333333
shared storage 4.45714285714
hard real-time 4.45
input/output operations 4.44615384615
preceding list 4.44444444444
entire file 4.4375
non-preemptive mode 4.4375
term 4.42857142857
shared memory 4.42327586207
 shared memory 4.42327586207
cpu time 4.41886592475
allocated memory 4.4066091954
error 
condition 4.40476190476
error condition 4.40476190476
error  condition 4.40476190476
process switching 4.40465793304
cooperating process 4.40465793304
hardware  resources 4.40129032258
hardware resources 4.40129032258
address 4.4
fetch 4.4
job3 

heavy 4.4
run time 4.3920341394
interrupt occurs 4.38961038961
object  program 4.38061336254
allocate memory 4.37883141762
hardware signals 4.37557603687
introduces interrupts 4.375
achieve efficiency 4.375
users don’ 4.37254901961
time swapping
• 4.3722972973
os

hardware 4.37143525012
implement frequently 4.35714285714
external  objects 4.35555555556
multitasking doesn 4.35294117647
sending data 4.34920634921
pdt data 4.34920634921
data contained 4.34920634921
shares data 4.34920634921
monitor automates 4.34666666667
monitor decides 4.34666666667
common strategy 4.33333333333
actual location 4.33333333333
main differences 4.33333333333
external/internal  mapping 4.33333333333
alloted period 4.33333333333
related subset 4.33333333333
creation 4.33333333333
basic 
 

prepared 4.33333333333
additional portion 4.33333333333
preceding

multiprogramming

• 4.33333333333
memory
– bring 4.32327586207
expand  memory 4.32327586207
bigger memory 4.32327586207
page number 4.32116294794
resource manager 4.32063492063
internal information 4.31720430108
current state 4.31034482759
state names 4.31034482759
processor spends 4.30952380952
programming 
burden 4.30769230769
registers copied 4.30769230769
hierarchical structure 4.30769230769
processor 
hardware 4.30414746544
key 

requirements 4.30392156863
facilities provided 4.3
 compile time 4.2972972973
compile time 4.2972972973
predictable response 4.2962962963
response  times 4.2962962963
slow 
compared 4.29166666667
slow compared 4.29166666667
batch 4.28888888889
synchronization 4.28571428571
including viruses 4.28571428571
resident 4.28571428571
information  stored 4.28387096774
information 
stored 4.28387096774
general motors 4.27272727273
uniform 
interface 4.26666666667
user/computer interface 4.26666666667
uniform interface 4.26666666667
active processes 4.26141732283
paging 4.26086956522
paging  2 4.26086956522
time executing 4.2592020592
memory protected 4.25184729064
real work 4.25
chronically  late 4.25
page-mode terminals 4.25
higher layer 4.25
necessarily aware 4.25
total 10 units 4.25
processor begins 4.24285714286
make computers 4.23931623932
process 
properly 4.23799126638
machine code 4.23076923077
short-term queue 4.22619047619
simplest scheme 4.22222222222
monitor 
consists 4.22166666667
end users 4.21870286576
20  million  instructions 4.21333333333
fortran instructions 4.21333333333
os  involved 4.21014492754
fixed portion 4.20833333333
 data transfer 4.20634920635
provide data 4.20634920635
monitor  reads 4.20380952381
tasks earlier 4.2
toggle  switches 4.2
slightly larger 4.2
toggle switches 4.2
current program 4.19879518072
interrupt-handling program 4.19879518072
program text 4.19879518072
program code 4.19879518072
program  proceeded 4.19879518072
current
program 4.19879518072
compiled  program 4.19879518072
program  references 4.19879518072
incoming  program 4.19879518072
executable program 
• 4.19879518072
executable program
– 4.19879518072
program delay 4.19879518072
list  presented 4.19444444444
hardware device 4.19254032258
user 
program 4.18869417062
user  program 4.18869417062
user program 4.18869417062
compile operation 4.18461538462
internal data 4.18253968254
level  5  provided 4.18064516129
job2 

heavy 4.17647058824
all-too-common  problems 4.17647058824
pure form 4.16666666667
allotted  time 4.16396396396
allotted time 4.16396396396
concurrent processes 4.16141732283
common  functions 4.15476190476
waiting occurs 4.14835164835
distributed 4.14285714286
issues arise 4.14285714286
preemptive version 4.14285714286
implementation issues 4.14285714286
processor time 4.14015444015
processor  time 4.14015444015
process generated 4.13799126638
key tool 4.13725490196
page # 7

 

 
 

prepared 4.13725490196
common function 4.13333333333
response

– internal 4.12962962963
simply wasted 4.125
final values 4.125
cpu switches 4.12156862745
complex power 4.11111111111
kernel 4.11111111111
complex pieces 4.11111111111
specially designed 4.11111111111
machine  instructions 4.11076923077
machine instructions 4.11076923077
100 machine instructions 4.11076923077
fixed-size 
blocks 4.1
greater cost 4.1
fixed-size blocks 4.1
fixed-sized blocks 4.1
p3 executes 4.1
controls processes 4.09891732283
service 
discriminate 4.09090909091
units based 4.08333333333
minimal  impact 4.08333333333
waiting time 4.07422037422
time waiting 4.07422037422
main  resources 4.07333333333
resources ra 4.07333333333
main resources 4.07333333333
event occurs 4.07142857143
allowed access 4.06927710843
$job
$ftn 4.06060606061
current  job 4.06060606061
– $job
– $ftn
– 4.06060606061
process  state 4.04833609396
“process 

state” 4.04833609396
execution time 4.0472972973
 execution time 4.0472972973
high-level  view 4.04545454545
limit assures 4.04545454545
os  interleaving 4.04347826087
os interleaving 4.04347826087
os assigns 4.04347826087
includes information 4.0394265233
running state 4.03761755486
tape drive 4.03333333333
machine instruction 4.03076923077
independent process 4.02370555209
os structure 4.01783723523
higher  levels 4.01470588235
monitor

• timer

– 4.01333333333
driver routines 4.0
future  enhancements 4.0
entirety independently 4.0
ug students 4.0
reference books 4.0
enhanced version 4.0
circular chain 4.0
pro-
gram 4.0
involve 
mounting 4.0
entering  queries 4.0
decreasing frequency 4.0
requests ra 4.0
read/write heads 4.0
possibly  networks 4.0
graphical manner 4.0
machine-aided cognition 4.0
interrupt-handling routines 4.0
initial values 4.0
current values 4.0
central idea 4.0
variable-length  segments 4.0
ardeshana 
email 4.0
central  theme 4.0
mid 1950s
• 4.0
holt [holt72] 4.0
unvariable unit 4.0
account numbers 4.0
increasing capacity 4.0
vice versa 4.0
4gbytes 4.0
requests rb 4.0
dispatcher 4.0
job3 begins 4.0
absolute code 4.0
graphical frameworks 4.0
multi threading 4.0
central themes 4.0
subsequently refined 4.0
leisurely pace 4.0
send/receive  implementation 4.0
gardi college 4.0
8k segments 4.0
critical section 4.0
exhibit aspects 4.0
safety hazard 4.0
previous
versions 4.0
$ftn tells 4.0
hierarchical  fashion 4.0
widespread influence 4.0
average 1/ 4.0
hierarchical fashion 4.0
carefully investigate 4.0
proper  verification 4.0
resolve conflicts 4.0
determines 4.0
1 subsequent versions 4.0
roughly grouped 4.0
billing purposes 4.0
mnemonic symbols 4.0
hardcopy  sign- 4.0
future enhancements 4.0
donald bitzer 4.0
web browser 4.0
average  1/ 4.0
cyclic manner 4.0
class notes 4.0
exact names 4.0
security  mechanisms 4.0
dismounting tapes 4.0
left untouched 4.0
electronic circuits 4.0
representative  calculation 4.0
5a illustrates 4.0
internet transmission 4.0
recompiled 
independently 4.0
bell laboratories 4.0
suffice 4.0
handled

– printers 4.0
re-loading

• lends 4.0
lower-capacity memories 4.0
slower memories 4.0
finally summarize 4.0
submission time 3.9972972973
resume  processes 3.99475065617
hardware channels 3.99462365591
called  files 3.99342105263
current  user 3.9898989899
user submits 3.9898989899
individual user 3.9898989899
user submitting 3.9898989899
user  submits 3.9898989899
disk drive 3.98947368421
primitive functions 3.9880952381
primitive functions

• 3.9880952381
programs residing 3.98550724638
creating programs 3.98550724638
utility programs 3.98550724638
library programs 3.98550724638
sufficient information 3.98387096774
information abstraction 3.98387096774
addresses generated 3.98333333333
prevent deadlock 3.97916666667
user 
programs 3.97540623628
user programs 3.97540623628
total  set 3.96153846154
os makes 3.96014492754
• simple 3.95652173913
simple 3.95652173913
processor registers 3.95054945055
independent processes 3.94713160855
entire list 3.94444444444
controlled parts 3.94444444444
process  reside 3.93799126638
data
– addresses 3.93253968254
specific device 3.93125
logical channel 3.9298245614
logical  step 3.9298245614
efficient solution 3.92857142857
evolve

layers 3.92857142857
running program 3.926067908
running program
– 3.926067908
program running 3.926067908
conventional cpu 3.92156862745
cpu motivated 3.92156862745
resource represented 3.92063492063
resource  contention 3.92063492063
desired  resource 3.92063492063
critical resource 3.92063492063
resource contention 3.92063492063
monitor  performs 3.9180952381
branch  back 3.91666666667
branch back 3.91666666667
system’ 3.91666666667
race condition  21 3.91666666667
system 3.91666666667
load time 3.91396396396
 load time 3.91396396396
30  internal fragmentation 3.91025641026
os typically 3.91014492754
os program 3.90894010826
$end

$job 3.90675990676
specific reason 3.9
job

multiprogramming 3.89393939394
assign processor 3.89285714286
standardized interfaces 3.88888888889
well-defined interfaces 3.88888888889
resume execution 3.88333333333
performance 3.88235294118
30 performance 3.88235294118
consisting instructions 3.88
• priority 3.875
priority 3.875
channel program 3.86546184739
actual transfer 3.85714285714
multiprocessing 3.85714285714
critical operations 3.84615384615
call/return 

operations 3.84615384615
external devices 3.84504504505
processor switches 3.84285714286
programs frequently 3.84265010352
end user 3.83605283605
16  million  lines 3.83333333333
fortran compiler 3.83333333333
common reason 3.83333333333
work jointly 3.83333333333
card reader 3.83333333333
tape copy 3.83333333333
uniprogramming  column 3.83333333333
internal identifiers 3.83333333333
multiprogramming  column 3.83333333333
card  reader 3.83333333333
multiprogramming 
environment 3.83333333333
• scaling

multiprogramming 3.83333333333
detailed requirements 3.83333333333
card decks 3.83333333333
fundamental  requirements 3.83333333333
higher level 3.83064516129
time limits 3.83063063063
rest
time 3.83063063063
processes interact 3.8280839895
user 
requirements 3.82323232323
os designed 3.82125603865
complex  os 3.82125603865
machine addresses 3.8141025641
ready state 3.81034482759
parameters passed 3.80952380952
instruction  concludes 3.8
modules 3.8
operator 3.8
command sequence 3.8
- ajay 3.8
disk drives 3.78947368421
continuous  disk 3.78947368421
• disk light 3.78947368421
blocked state 3.77701149425
tasks waiting 3.77692307692
general sense 3.77272727273
ongoing problem 3.76923076923
problem remains 3.76923076923
network interface 3.76666666667
lower levels 3.76470588235
upper  levels 3.76470588235
logical properties 3.76315789474
cease 
executing 3.7619047619
previously  executing 3.7619047619
hard disks 3.75
concurrency encompasses 3.75
 physical 3.75
open ended 3.75
fair amount 3.75
states 3.75
non-preemptive version 3.75
half hour 3.75
simply reporting 3.75
calling

open 3.75
• program execution 3.74879518072
•  program  execution 3.74879518072
users

programmer 3.74754901961
waiter time 3.7472972973
error occurred 3.7380952381
error  halted 3.7380952381
individual process 3.73799126638
successor process 3.73799126638
process starts 3.73799126638
incoming  process 3.73799126638
interruptible
• process 3.73799126638
current process 3.73799126638
dispatch process 3.73799126638
process enters 3.73799126638
preempted process 3.73799126638
background process 3.73799126638
process arrives 3.73799126638
provide instructions 3.73714285714
approximately equal 3.73333333333
independent applications 3.73015873016
partition sl 3.72727272727
partition belongs 3.72727272727
processors share 3.72222222222
scheme  works 3.72222222222
finished

monitor’ 3.72166666667
resource types 3.72063492063
user running 3.71717171717
free holes 3.71428571429
pages 3.71428571429
graphical output 3.71428571429
managing individual 3.71428571429
output appeared 3.71428571429
modular 3.71428571429
duplicate 
signals 3.71428571429
jobs  waiting 3.71328671329
os learns 3.71014492754
os  proper 3.71014492754
os  decides 3.71014492754
os expands 3.71014492754
os directs 3.71014492754
os communicate 3.71014492754
macintosh os 3.71014492754
hierarchical  os 3.71014492754
full-featured  os 3.71014492754
os masks 3.71014492754
os occupies 3.71014492754
os decides 3.71014492754
os chooses 3.71014492754
subscription facilities 3.7
program ready 3.69879518072
block 3.68421052632
process  list 3.68243571082
jcl instructions 3.68
monitor 

prepared 3.68
swapping function 3.675
display  lights 3.66666666667
detailed 
understanding 3.66666666667
calculation  concerns 3.66666666667
detailed understanding 3.66666666667
strictly 
part 3.66666666667
strictly part 3.66666666667
require  5  minutes 3.66666666667
goals step 3.66666666667
strict categories 3.66666666667
5000th word 3.66666666667
upgraded independently 3.66666666667
timer  expires 3.66666666667
display 
lights 3.66666666667
concerns 
relating 3.66666666667
convenient interface 3.66666666667
• solutions 3.66666666667
medium 3.66666666667
contiguous 3.66666666667
organization 3.66666666667
existing processes 3.66141732283
processes communicate 3.66141732283
dispatching 
processes 3.66141732283
processes vary 3.66141732283
successive processes 3.66141732283
processes
• lends 3.66141732283
executable processes 3.66141732283
remove processes 3.66141732283
channel programs 3.65217391304
saved state 3.64367816092
mechanisms introduced 3.64285714286
executing 
instructions 3.6419047619
executing instructions 3.6419047619
jobs ready 3.63636363636
jobs  ready 3.63636363636
processing 3.63333333333
monitor perform 3.61939393939
including testing 3.61904761905
essential elements 3.61904761905
register 3.61538461538
process consists 3.61299126638
job execution 3.61060606061
shared section 3.6
uniquely characterized 3.6
process completes 3.59513412352
ready queue 3.58333333333
dynamically 
allocated 3.58333333333
segments allocated 3.58333333333
program-generated addresses 3.58333333333
addresses
– locations 3.58333333333
level organizes 3.58064516129
lower level 3.58064516129
iowait waiting 3.57692307692
pause waiting 3.57692307692
  monitor  point 3.57393939394
loaded  back 3.56666666667
state transition 3.56034482759
interrupt process 3.55617308456
run processes 3.55615416494
includes outstanding 3.55555555556
talented  programmers 3.55555555556
branch 
instruction 3.55
uninterrupted execution 3.55
function requiring 3.55
read  data 3.54920634921
hardware-oriented  view 3.54545454545
hard disk 3.53947368421
computer • 3.53398058252
computer’ 3.53398058252
computer

– 3.53398058252
computer 
• 3.53398058252
computer 3.53398058252
unauthorized 

prepared 3.53333333333
variables depend 3.53333333333
program 

prepared 3.53212851406
os functions 3.53157349896
device driver 3.53125
programmable device 3.53125
immediately reads 3.52380952381
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general approach 3.52272727273
shared  resource 3.52063492063
actual number 3.51724137931
unlimited number 3.51724137931
data occur 3.51587301587
referred 
monitor 3.51333333333
track

35

36

9

logical 3.51315789474
general case 3.5034965035
presents 3.5
exact consequences 3.5
considerable amount 3.5
smp 3.5
features 3.5
000 36-bit words 3.5
conditional branching 3.5
relationships hold 3.5
security  attacks 3.5
finite amount 3.5
console  consisting 3.5
proved impossible 3.5
permanent blocking 3.5
displaying results 3.5
decreasing cost 3.5
dilemma facing 3.5
000  36-bit  words 3.5
variable-length entities 3.5
flexibility frees 3.5
latent  bugs 3.5
directory 3.5
design 3.5
loans up- 3.5
release date 3.5
assignment statement 3.5
handles 3.5
distinguish mainframes 3.5
apartment building 3.5
gross  underutilization 3.5
user-friendly apis 3.5
temporarily hold 3.5
architectural

approaches

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