election_results_py3.py

"""
A monstrosity of an election results script. Calculates total votes for
races and candidates, and determines if there is a winner in each race.

This module bundles together way too much functionality and is near impossible 
to test, beyond eye-balling results.

USAGE:

    python election_results.py

OUTPUT:

    summary_results.csv

"""
import csv
import urllib.request
from operator import itemgetter
from collections import defaultdict
from os.path import dirname, join


# Download CSV of fake Virginia election results to root of project
url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/pub?key=0AhhC0IWaObRqdGFkUW1kUmp2ZlZjUjdTYV9lNFJ5RHc&output=csv"
filename = join(dirname(dirname(__file__)), 'fake_va_elec_results.csv')
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)

# Create reader for ingesting CSV as array of dicts
reader = csv.DictReader(open(filename, 'r'))

# Use defaultdict to automatically create non-existent keys with an empty dictionary as the default value.
# See https://pydocs2cn.readthedocs.org/en/latest/library/collections.html#defaultdict-objects
results = defaultdict(dict)

# Initial data clean-up
for row in reader:
    # Parse name into first and last
    row['last_name'], row['first_name'] = [name.strip() for name in row['candidate'].split(',')]
    # Convert total votes to an integer
    row['votes'] = int(row['votes'])

    # Store county-level results by slugified office and district (if there is one), 
    # then by candidate party and raw name
    race_key = row['office']
    if row['district']:
            race_key += "-%s" % row['district']
    # Create unique candidate key from party and name, in case multiple candidates have same
    cand_key = "-".join((row['party'], row['candidate']))
    # Below, setdefault initializes empty dict and list for the respective keys if they don't already exist.
    race = results[race_key]
    race.setdefault(cand_key, []).append(row)


# Tally votes for Races and candidates and assign winners
summary = defaultdict(dict)

for race_key, cand_results in results.items():
    all_votes = 0
    cands = []
    for cand_key, results in cand_results.items():
        # Populate a new candidate dict using one set of county results
        cand = {
            'first_name': results[0]['first_name'],
            'last_name': results[0]['last_name'],
            'party': results[0]['party'],
            'winner': '',
        }
        # Calculate candidate total votes
        cand_total_votes = sum([result['votes'] for result in results])
        cand['votes'] =  cand_total_votes
        # Add cand totals to racewide vote count
        all_votes += cand_total_votes
        # And stash the candidate's data
        cands.append(cand)

    # sort cands from highest to lowest vote count
    sorted_cands = sorted(cands, key=itemgetter('votes'), reverse=True)

    # Determine winner, if any
    first = sorted_cands[0]
    second = sorted_cands[1]

    if first['votes'] != second['votes']:
        first['winner'] = 'X'

    # Get race metadata from one set of results
    result = [result for result in cand_results.values()][0][0]
    # Add results to output
    summary[race_key] = {
        'date': result['date'],
        'office': result['office'],
        'district': result['district'],
        'all_votes': all_votes,
        'candidates': sorted_cands,
    }


# Write CSV of results
outfile = join(dirname(__file__), 'summary_results_py3.csv')
with open(outfile, 'w') as fh:
    # We'll limit the output to cleanly parsed, standardized values
    fieldnames = [
        'date',
        'office',
        'district',
        'last_name',
        'first_name',
        'party',
        'all_votes',
        'votes',
        'winner',
    ]
    writer = csv.DictWriter(fh, fieldnames, extrasaction='ignore', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
    writer.writeheader()
    for race, results in summary.items():
        cands = results.pop('candidates')
        for cand in cands:
            results.update(cand)
            writer.writerow(results)