gradient-descent-animation(onlyb).ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "c28b2265",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.datasets import make_regression\n",
    "\n",
    "%matplotlib notebook\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation\n",
    "import matplotlib.animation as animation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "561d2740",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X,y = make_regression(n_samples=100, n_features=1, n_informative=1, n_targets=1,noise=20,random_state=13)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "2fd262e4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x1b7c934c3d0>"
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.scatter(X,y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "0f8ea9b3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[27.82809103]\n",
      "-2.29474455867698\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
    "reg = LinearRegression()\n",
    "reg.fit(X,y)\n",
    "print(reg.coef_)\n",
    "print(reg.intercept_)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "e8eca169",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x1b7c9cb7280>"
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = -150\n",
    "m = 27.82\n",
    "lr = 0.001\n",
    "all_b = []\n",
    "all_cost = []\n",
    "\n",
    "epochs = 30\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(epochs):\n",
    "    slope = 0\n",
    "    cost = 0\n",
    "    for j in range(X.shape[0]):\n",
    "        slope = slope - 2*(y[j] - (m * X[j]) -  b)\n",
    "        cost = cost + (y[j] - m * X[j] -b) ** 2\n",
    "\n",
    "    b = b - (lr * slope)\n",
    "    all_b.append(b)\n",
    "    all_cost.append(cost)\n",
    "    y_pred = m * X + b\n",
    "    plt.plot(X,y_pred)\n",
    "plt.scatter(X,y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "bff16895",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "all_b = np.array(all_b).ravel()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "86d752b7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "array([-120.4588544 ,  -96.82593791,  -77.91960473,  -62.79453818,\n        -50.69448494,  -41.01444235,  -33.27040827,  -27.07518102,\n        -22.11899921,  -18.15405376,  -14.98209741,  -12.44453232,\n        -10.41448025,   -8.7904386 ,   -7.49120528,   -6.45181862,\n         -5.62030929,   -4.95510183,   -4.42293586,   -3.99720308,\n         -3.65661686,   -3.38414789,   -3.16617271,   -2.99179256,\n         -2.85228845,   -2.74068515,   -2.65140252,   -2.57997641,\n         -2.52283553,   -2.47712282])"
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "all_b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "d5fd94d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "array([2210040.49020261, 1424629.13499295,  921965.86765877,\n        600261.37656489,  394370.50226481,  262600.34271276,\n        178267.44059944,  124294.38324692,   89751.62654131,\n         67644.26224972,   53495.5491031 ,   44440.37268926,\n         38645.05978441,   34936.0595253 ,   32562.29935947,\n         31043.09285334,   30070.80068942,   29448.5337045 ,\n         29050.28283416,   28795.40227714,   28632.27872065,\n         28527.87964449,   28461.06423575,   28418.30237416,\n         28390.93478274,   28373.41952423,   28362.20975879,\n         28355.0355089 ,   28350.44398898,   28347.50541622])"
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "all_cost = np.array(all_cost).ravel()\n",
    "all_cost"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d630c487",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "num_epochs = list(range(1,31))\n",
    "len(num_epochs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "56289feb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n                img.type = 'image/png';\n            }\n\n            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n                    fig.imageObj.src\n                );\n            }\n\n            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n                img\n            );\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        } else if (\n            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n        ) {\n            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n        try {\n            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n        } catch (e) {\n            console.log(\n                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n                msg\n            );\n            return;\n        }\n\n        if (callback) {\n            try {\n                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n                callback(fig, msg);\n            } catch (e) {\n                console.log(\n                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n                    e,\n                    e.stack,\n                    msg\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n    var targ;\n    if (!e) {\n        e = window.event;\n    }\n    if (e.target) {\n        targ = e.target;\n    } else if (e.srcElement) {\n        targ = e.srcElement;\n    }\n    if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n        // defeat Safari bug\n        targ = targ.parentNode;\n    }\n\n    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n    var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n    var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n    return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n            obj[key] = original[key];\n        }\n        return obj;\n    }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n    if (name === 'button_press') {\n        this.canvas.focus();\n        this.canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n    var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n    this.send_message(name, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        button: event.button,\n        step: event.step,\n        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n    });\n\n    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n    event.preventDefault();\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n    // Prevent repeat events\n    if (name === 'key_press') {\n        if (event.key === this._key) {\n            return;\n        } else {\n            this._key = event.key;\n        }\n    }\n    if (name === 'key_release') {\n        this._key = null;\n    }\n\n    var value = '';\n    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n        value += 'ctrl+';\n    }\n    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n        value += 'alt+';\n    }\n    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n        value += 'shift+';\n    }\n\n    value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n    if (name === 'download') {\n        this.handle_save(this, null);\n    } else {\n        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n    var ws = {};\n\n    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n        } else {\n            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n        }\n    }\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n    ws.close = function () {\n        comm.close();\n    };\n    ws.send = function (m) {\n        //console.log('sending', m);\n        comm.send(m);\n    };\n    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n            data = {\n                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n            };\n        }\n        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n        ws.onmessage(data);\n    });\n    return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n    // socket was opened in Python.\n    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n    }\n\n    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n    ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n    fig.parent_element = element;\n    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n        'cleared',\n        { fig: fig },\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n        'cleared',\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n    fig.push_to_output();\n    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n    // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n    var fig = this;\n    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n    setTimeout(function () {\n        fig.push_to_output();\n    }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n    var button;\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n        button.href = '#';\n        button.title = name;\n        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    // Add the status bar.\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n\n    // Add the close button to the window.\n    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n    button = document.createElement('button');\n    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n    button.href = '#';\n    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n    });\n    button.addEventListener(\n        'mouseover',\n        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n    );\n    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n    var fig = event.data.fig;\n    if (event.target !== this) {\n        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n    // off when our div gets focus\n\n    // location in version 3\n    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    } else {\n        // location in version 2\n        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n    // Check for shift+enter\n    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n        this.canvas_div.blur();\n        // select the cell after this one\n        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n    var ncells = cells.length;\n    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n        var cell = cells[i];\n        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n                if (data.data) {\n                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n                    data = data.data;\n                }\n                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n                    return [cell, data, j];\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n        'matplotlib',\n        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n    );\n}\n"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>",
      "text/html": "<div id='1c9fa876-8424-4284-a040-a477af89d2a4'></div>"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))\n",
    "#fig.set_tight_layout(True)\n",
    "\n",
    "x_i = np.arange(-3, 3, 0.1)\n",
    "y_i = x_i*m -150\n",
    "ax.scatter(X, y)\n",
    "line, = ax.plot(x_i, x_i*50 - 4, 'r-', linewidth=2)\n",
    "\n",
    "def update(i):\n",
    "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
    "    line.set_ydata(x_i*m + all_b[i])\n",
    "    ax.set_xlabel(label)\n",
    "    # return line, ax\n",
    "\n",
    "anim = FuncAnimation(fig, update, repeat=True, frames=epochs, interval=500)\n",
    "\n",
    "#f = r\"animation.gif\" \n",
    "#writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2) \n",
    "#anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "69f35cbd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>",
      "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n    if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return WebSocket;\n    } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return MozWebSocket;\n    } else {\n        alert(\n            'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n                'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n                'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n                'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n        );\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n    this.id = figure_id;\n\n    this.ws = websocket;\n\n    this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n        var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n        if (warnings) {\n            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n            warnings.textContent =\n                'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n                'Performance may be slow.';\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n    this.context = undefined;\n    this.message = undefined;\n    this.canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n    this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n    this.root = document.createElement('div');\n    this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n    this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n    parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n    this._init_header(this);\n    this._init_canvas(this);\n    this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n    var fig = this;\n\n    this.waiting = false;\n\n    this.ws.onopen = function () {\n        fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n        fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n        if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n            fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n                device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n            });\n        }\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n        if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n            // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n            // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n            // there is no ghosting.\n            fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n        }\n        fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n        fig.ws.close();\n    };\n\n    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n    var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n    titlebar.classList =\n        'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n    var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n    titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n    titletext.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n    );\n    titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n    this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n    this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n    canvas_div.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n            'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n            'clear: both;' +\n            'min-height: 1px;' +\n            'min-width: 1px;' +\n            'outline: 0;' +\n            'overflow: hidden;' +\n            'position: relative;' +\n            'resize: both;'\n    );\n\n    function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.key_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keydown',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n    );\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keyup',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n    );\n\n    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n    this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n    var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n    canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n    canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n    this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n    var backingStore =\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        1;\n\n    this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n    var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n        'canvas'\n    ));\n    rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n    );\n\n    // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n    if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n        if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n            this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n        } else {\n            var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n            this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n        var nentries = entries.length;\n        for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n            var entry = entries[i];\n            var width, height;\n            if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n                if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n                    // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n                } else {\n                    // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n                }\n            } else {\n                // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n                width = entry.contentRect.width;\n                height = entry.contentRect.height;\n            }\n\n            // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n            // the canvas container.\n            if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n                // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'width',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n                );\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'height',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n                );\n            } else {\n                canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n                canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n            }\n            canvas.setAttribute(\n                'style',\n                'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n            );\n\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n            // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n            // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n            // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n            if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n                fig.request_resize(width, height);\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n    function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousedown',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseup',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'dblclick',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n    );\n    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousemove',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n    );\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseenter',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseleave',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n    );\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n            event.step = 1;\n        } else {\n            event.step = -1;\n        }\n        on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n    });\n\n    canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n    canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n    this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n    this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n        if (forward) {\n            canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n            canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n        }\n    };\n\n    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n    this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n        event.preventDefault();\n        return false;\n    });\n\n    function set_focus() {\n        canvas.focus();\n        canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n        var option = document.createElement('option');\n        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n    }\n\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n    properties['type'] = type;\n    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n    if (!this.waiting) {\n        this.waiting = true;\n        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n    var size = msg['size'];\n    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n        0,\n        0,\n        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n    );\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n    // Updates the figure title.\n    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n    fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n    for (var key in msg) {\n        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n    } else {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n            var img = evt.data;\n            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n                img.type = 'image/png';\n            }\n\n            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n                    fig.imageObj.src\n                );\n            }\n\n            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n                img\n            );\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        } else if (\n            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n        ) {\n            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n        try {\n            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n        } catch (e) {\n            console.log(\n                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n                msg\n            );\n            return;\n        }\n\n        if (callback) {\n            try {\n                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n                callback(fig, msg);\n            } catch (e) {\n                console.log(\n                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n                    e,\n                    e.stack,\n                    msg\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n    var targ;\n    if (!e) {\n        e = window.event;\n    }\n    if (e.target) {\n        targ = e.target;\n    } else if (e.srcElement) {\n        targ = e.srcElement;\n    }\n    if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n        // defeat Safari bug\n        targ = targ.parentNode;\n    }\n\n    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n    var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n    var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n    return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n            obj[key] = original[key];\n        }\n        return obj;\n    }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n    if (name === 'button_press') {\n        this.canvas.focus();\n        this.canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n    var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n    this.send_message(name, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        button: event.button,\n        step: event.step,\n        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n    });\n\n    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n    event.preventDefault();\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n    // Prevent repeat events\n    if (name === 'key_press') {\n        if (event.key === this._key) {\n            return;\n        } else {\n            this._key = event.key;\n        }\n    }\n    if (name === 'key_release') {\n        this._key = null;\n    }\n\n    var value = '';\n    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n        value += 'ctrl+';\n    }\n    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n        value += 'alt+';\n    }\n    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n        value += 'shift+';\n    }\n\n    value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n    if (name === 'download') {\n        this.handle_save(this, null);\n    } else {\n        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n    var ws = {};\n\n    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n        } else {\n            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n        }\n    }\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n    ws.close = function () {\n        comm.close();\n    };\n    ws.send = function (m) {\n        //console.log('sending', m);\n        comm.send(m);\n    };\n    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n            data = {\n                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n            };\n        }\n        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n        ws.onmessage(data);\n    });\n    return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n    // socket was opened in Python.\n    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n    }\n\n    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n    ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n    fig.parent_element = element;\n    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n        'cleared',\n        { fig: fig },\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n        'cleared',\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n    fig.push_to_output();\n    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n    // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n    var fig = this;\n    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n    setTimeout(function () {\n        fig.push_to_output();\n    }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n    var button;\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n        button.href = '#';\n        button.title = name;\n        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    // Add the status bar.\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n\n    // Add the close button to the window.\n    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n    button = document.createElement('button');\n    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n    button.href = '#';\n    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n    });\n    button.addEventListener(\n        'mouseover',\n        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n    );\n    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n    var fig = event.data.fig;\n    if (event.target !== this) {\n        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n    // off when our div gets focus\n\n    // location in version 3\n    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    } else {\n        // location in version 2\n        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n    // Check for shift+enter\n    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n        this.canvas_div.blur();\n        // select the cell after this one\n        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n    var ncells = cells.length;\n    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n        var cell = cells[i];\n        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n                if (data.data) {\n                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n                    data = data.data;\n                }\n                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n                    return [cell, data, j];\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n        'matplotlib',\n        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n    );\n}\n"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>",
      "text/html": "<div id='5572b339-cf4c-4499-ade0-6b31be21dd12'></div>"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "list index out of range",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mNameError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:236\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAbstractMovieWriter.saving\u001B[1;34m(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    235\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mtry\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 236\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01myield\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\n\u001B[0;32m    237\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfinally\u001B[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1078\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAnimation.save\u001B[1;34m(self, filename, writer, fps, dpi, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata, extra_anim, savefig_kwargs, progress_callback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1077\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfor\u001B[39;00m anim \u001B[38;5;129;01min\u001B[39;00m all_anim:\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1078\u001B[0m     \u001B[43manim\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_init_draw\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m  \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Clear the initial frame\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m   1079\u001B[0m frame_number \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1698\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mFuncAnimation._init_draw\u001B[1;34m(self)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1697\u001B[0m         \u001B[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1698\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_draw_frame\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mframe_data\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m   1699\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01melse\u001B[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1720\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mFuncAnimation._draw_frame\u001B[1;34m(self, framedata)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1718\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Call the func with framedata and args. If blitting is desired,\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m   1719\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;66;03m# func needs to return a sequence of any artists that were modified.\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1720\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_drawn_artists \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_func\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mframedata\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m*\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_args\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m   1722\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mif\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_blit:\n",
      "Input \u001B[1;32mIn [11]\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36manimate\u001B[1;34m(i)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m     12\u001B[0m label \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;124m'\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124mepoch \u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;132;01m{0}\u001B[39;00m\u001B[38;5;124m'\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mformat(i \u001B[38;5;241m+\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m)\n\u001B[1;32m---> 13\u001B[0m xdata\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mappend(\u001B[43mnum_epochs\u001B[49m[i]) \n\u001B[0;32m     14\u001B[0m ydata\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mappend(all_cost[i]) \n",
      "\u001B[1;31mNameError\u001B[0m: name 'num_epochs' is not defined",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Input \u001B[1;32mIn [11]\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36m<cell line: 25>\u001B[1;34m()\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m     23\u001B[0m f \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;124mr\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124m\"\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124manimation1.gif\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124m\"\u001B[39m \n\u001B[0;32m     24\u001B[0m writergif \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m animation\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mPillowWriter(fps\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m2\u001B[39m) \n\u001B[1;32m---> 25\u001B[0m \u001B[43manim\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43msave\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mf\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mwriter\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m=\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mwritergif\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1095\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAnimation.save\u001B[1;34m(self, filename, writer, fps, dpi, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata, extra_anim, savefig_kwargs, progress_callback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1093\u001B[0m         progress_callback(frame_number, total_frames)\n\u001B[0;32m   1094\u001B[0m         frame_number \u001B[38;5;241m+\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1095\u001B[0m writer\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mgrab_frame(\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39msavefig_kwargs)\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\contextlib.py:137\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36m_GeneratorContextManager.__exit__\u001B[1;34m(self, typ, value, traceback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    135\u001B[0m     value \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m typ()\n\u001B[0;32m    136\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mtry\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 137\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mgen\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mthrow\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mtyp\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mvalue\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mtraceback\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m    138\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;167;01mStopIteration\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28;01mas\u001B[39;00m exc:\n\u001B[0;32m    139\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Suppress StopIteration *unless* it's the same exception that\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    140\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# was passed to throw().  This prevents a StopIteration\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    141\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# raised inside the \"with\" statement from being suppressed.\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    142\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001B[39;00m exc \u001B[38;5;129;01mis\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;129;01mnot\u001B[39;00m value\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:238\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAbstractMovieWriter.saving\u001B[1;34m(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    236\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01myield\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\n\u001B[0;32m    237\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfinally\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 238\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mfinish\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:514\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mPillowWriter.finish\u001B[1;34m(self)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    513\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mdef\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;21mfinish\u001B[39m(\u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m):\n\u001B[1;32m--> 514\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_frames\u001B[49m\u001B[43m[\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m0\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m]\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39msave(\n\u001B[0;32m    515\u001B[0m         \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39moutfile, save_all\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001B[39;00m, append_images\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_frames[\u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m:],\n\u001B[0;32m    516\u001B[0m         duration\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28mint\u001B[39m(\u001B[38;5;241m1000\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m/\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mfps), loop\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m)\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m: list index out of range"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# creating a blank window \n",
    "# for the animation \n",
    "fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,5)) \n",
    "axis = plt.axes(xlim =(0, 31), ylim =(0, 2500000)) \n",
    "  \n",
    "line, = axis.plot([], [], lw = 2) \n",
    "  \n",
    "xdata, ydata = [], [] \n",
    "  \n",
    "# animation function \n",
    "def animate(i): \n",
    "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
    "    xdata.append(num_epochs[i]) \n",
    "    ydata.append(all_cost[i]) \n",
    "    line.set_data(xdata, ydata) \n",
    "    axis.set_xlabel(label)\n",
    "      \n",
    "    return line, \n",
    "  \n",
    "# calling the animation function     \n",
    "anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames = 30,repeat=False, interval = 500)\n",
    "\n",
    "f = r\"animation1.gif\" \n",
    "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2) \n",
    "anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "a058c19d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>",
      "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n    if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return WebSocket;\n    } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return MozWebSocket;\n    } else {\n        alert(\n            'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n                'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n                'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n                'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n        );\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n    this.id = figure_id;\n\n    this.ws = websocket;\n\n    this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n        var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n        if (warnings) {\n            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n            warnings.textContent =\n                'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n                'Performance may be slow.';\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n    this.context = undefined;\n    this.message = undefined;\n    this.canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n    this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n    this.root = document.createElement('div');\n    this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n    this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n    parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n    this._init_header(this);\n    this._init_canvas(this);\n    this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n    var fig = this;\n\n    this.waiting = false;\n\n    this.ws.onopen = function () {\n        fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n        fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n        if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n            fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n                device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n            });\n        }\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n        if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n            // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n            // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n            // there is no ghosting.\n            fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n        }\n        fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n        fig.ws.close();\n    };\n\n    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n    var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n    titlebar.classList =\n        'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n    var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n    titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n    titletext.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n    );\n    titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n    this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n    this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n    canvas_div.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n            'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n            'clear: both;' +\n            'min-height: 1px;' +\n            'min-width: 1px;' +\n            'outline: 0;' +\n            'overflow: hidden;' +\n            'position: relative;' +\n            'resize: both;'\n    );\n\n    function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.key_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keydown',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n    );\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keyup',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n    );\n\n    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n    this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n    var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n    canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n    canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n    this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n    var backingStore =\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        1;\n\n    this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n    var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n        'canvas'\n    ));\n    rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n    );\n\n    // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n    if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n        if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n            this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n        } else {\n            var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n            this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n        var nentries = entries.length;\n        for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n            var entry = entries[i];\n            var width, height;\n            if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n                if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n                    // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n                } else {\n                    // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n                }\n            } else {\n                // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n                width = entry.contentRect.width;\n                height = entry.contentRect.height;\n            }\n\n            // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n            // the canvas container.\n            if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n                // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'width',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n                );\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'height',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n                );\n            } else {\n                canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n                canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n            }\n            canvas.setAttribute(\n                'style',\n                'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n            );\n\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n            // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n            // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n            // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n            if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n                fig.request_resize(width, height);\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n    function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousedown',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseup',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'dblclick',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n    );\n    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousemove',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n    );\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseenter',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseleave',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n    );\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n            event.step = 1;\n        } else {\n            event.step = -1;\n        }\n        on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n    });\n\n    canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n    canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n    this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n    this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n        if (forward) {\n            canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n            canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n        }\n    };\n\n    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n    this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n        event.preventDefault();\n        return false;\n    });\n\n    function set_focus() {\n        canvas.focus();\n        canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n        var option = document.createElement('option');\n        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n    }\n\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n    properties['type'] = type;\n    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n    if (!this.waiting) {\n        this.waiting = true;\n        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n    var size = msg['size'];\n    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n        0,\n        0,\n        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n    );\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n    // Updates the figure title.\n    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n    fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n    for (var key in msg) {\n        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n    } else {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n            var img = evt.data;\n            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n                img.type = 'image/png';\n            }\n\n            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n                    fig.imageObj.src\n                );\n            }\n\n            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n                img\n            );\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        } else if (\n            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n        ) {\n            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n        try {\n            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n        } catch (e) {\n            console.log(\n                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n                msg\n            );\n            return;\n        }\n\n        if (callback) {\n            try {\n                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n                callback(fig, msg);\n            } catch (e) {\n                console.log(\n                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n                    e,\n                    e.stack,\n                    msg\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n    var targ;\n    if (!e) {\n        e = window.event;\n    }\n    if (e.target) {\n        targ = e.target;\n    } else if (e.srcElement) {\n        targ = e.srcElement;\n    }\n    if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n        // defeat Safari bug\n        targ = targ.parentNode;\n    }\n\n    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n    var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n    var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n    return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n            obj[key] = original[key];\n        }\n        return obj;\n    }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n    if (name === 'button_press') {\n        this.canvas.focus();\n        this.canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n    var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n    this.send_message(name, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        button: event.button,\n        step: event.step,\n        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n    });\n\n    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n    event.preventDefault();\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n    // Prevent repeat events\n    if (name === 'key_press') {\n        if (event.key === this._key) {\n            return;\n        } else {\n            this._key = event.key;\n        }\n    }\n    if (name === 'key_release') {\n        this._key = null;\n    }\n\n    var value = '';\n    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n        value += 'ctrl+';\n    }\n    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n        value += 'alt+';\n    }\n    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n        value += 'shift+';\n    }\n\n    value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n    if (name === 'download') {\n        this.handle_save(this, null);\n    } else {\n        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n    var ws = {};\n\n    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n        } else {\n            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n        }\n    }\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n    ws.close = function () {\n        comm.close();\n    };\n    ws.send = function (m) {\n        //console.log('sending', m);\n        comm.send(m);\n    };\n    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n            data = {\n                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n            };\n        }\n        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n        ws.onmessage(data);\n    });\n    return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n    // socket was opened in Python.\n    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n    }\n\n    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n    ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n    fig.parent_element = element;\n    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n        'cleared',\n        { fig: fig },\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n        'cleared',\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n    fig.push_to_output();\n    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n    // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n    var fig = this;\n    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n    setTimeout(function () {\n        fig.push_to_output();\n    }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n    var button;\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n        button.href = '#';\n        button.title = name;\n        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    // Add the status bar.\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n\n    // Add the close button to the window.\n    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n    button = document.createElement('button');\n    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n    button.href = '#';\n    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n    });\n    button.addEventListener(\n        'mouseover',\n        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n    );\n    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n    var fig = event.data.fig;\n    if (event.target !== this) {\n        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n    // off when our div gets focus\n\n    // location in version 3\n    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    } else {\n        // location in version 2\n        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n    // Check for shift+enter\n    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n        this.canvas_div.blur();\n        // select the cell after this one\n        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n    var ncells = cells.length;\n    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n        var cell = cells[i];\n        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n                if (data.data) {\n                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n                    data = data.data;\n                }\n                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n                    return [cell, data, j];\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n        'matplotlib',\n        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n    );\n}\n"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>",
      "text/html": "<div id='92818ac3-7263-4e7a-8b6b-84181536d0c1'></div>"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "list index out of range",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mNameError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:236\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAbstractMovieWriter.saving\u001B[1;34m(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    235\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mtry\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 236\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01myield\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\n\u001B[0;32m    237\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfinally\u001B[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1078\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAnimation.save\u001B[1;34m(self, filename, writer, fps, dpi, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata, extra_anim, savefig_kwargs, progress_callback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1077\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfor\u001B[39;00m anim \u001B[38;5;129;01min\u001B[39;00m all_anim:\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1078\u001B[0m     \u001B[43manim\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_init_draw\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m  \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Clear the initial frame\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m   1079\u001B[0m frame_number \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1698\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mFuncAnimation._init_draw\u001B[1;34m(self)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1697\u001B[0m         \u001B[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1698\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_draw_frame\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mframe_data\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m   1699\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01melse\u001B[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1720\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mFuncAnimation._draw_frame\u001B[1;34m(self, framedata)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1718\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Call the func with framedata and args. If blitting is desired,\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m   1719\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;66;03m# func needs to return a sequence of any artists that were modified.\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1720\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_drawn_artists \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_func\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mframedata\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m*\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_args\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m   1722\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mif\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_blit:\n",
      "Input \u001B[1;32mIn [12]\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36manimate\u001B[1;34m(i)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m     10\u001B[0m label \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;124m'\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124mepoch \u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;132;01m{0}\u001B[39;00m\u001B[38;5;124m'\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mformat(i \u001B[38;5;241m+\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m)\n\u001B[1;32m---> 11\u001B[0m xdata\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mappend(\u001B[43mnum_epochs\u001B[49m[i]) \n\u001B[0;32m     12\u001B[0m ydata\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mappend(all_b[i]) \n",
      "\u001B[1;31mNameError\u001B[0m: name 'num_epochs' is not defined",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Input \u001B[1;32mIn [12]\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36m<cell line: 23>\u001B[1;34m()\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m     21\u001B[0m f \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;124mr\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124m\"\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124manimation2.gif\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;124m\"\u001B[39m \n\u001B[0;32m     22\u001B[0m writergif \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m animation\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mPillowWriter(fps\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m2\u001B[39m) \n\u001B[1;32m---> 23\u001B[0m \u001B[43manim\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43msave\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mf\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mwriter\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m=\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mwritergif\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:1095\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAnimation.save\u001B[1;34m(self, filename, writer, fps, dpi, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata, extra_anim, savefig_kwargs, progress_callback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1093\u001B[0m         progress_callback(frame_number, total_frames)\n\u001B[0;32m   1094\u001B[0m         frame_number \u001B[38;5;241m+\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1095\u001B[0m writer\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mgrab_frame(\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39msavefig_kwargs)\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\contextlib.py:137\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36m_GeneratorContextManager.__exit__\u001B[1;34m(self, typ, value, traceback)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    135\u001B[0m     value \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m typ()\n\u001B[0;32m    136\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mtry\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 137\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mgen\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mthrow\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43mtyp\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mvalue\u001B[49m\u001B[43m,\u001B[49m\u001B[43m \u001B[49m\u001B[43mtraceback\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n\u001B[0;32m    138\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;167;01mStopIteration\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28;01mas\u001B[39;00m exc:\n\u001B[0;32m    139\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# Suppress StopIteration *unless* it's the same exception that\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    140\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# was passed to throw().  This prevents a StopIteration\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    141\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;66;03m# raised inside the \"with\" statement from being suppressed.\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m    142\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001B[39;00m exc \u001B[38;5;129;01mis\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;129;01mnot\u001B[39;00m value\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:238\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mAbstractMovieWriter.saving\u001B[1;34m(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    236\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;01myield\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\n\u001B[0;32m    237\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfinally\u001B[39;00m:\n\u001B[1;32m--> 238\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43mfinish\u001B[49m\u001B[43m(\u001B[49m\u001B[43m)\u001B[49m\n",
      "File \u001B[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\animation.py:514\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36mPillowWriter.finish\u001B[1;34m(self)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    513\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mdef\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;21mfinish\u001B[39m(\u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m):\n\u001B[1;32m--> 514\u001B[0m     \u001B[38;5;28;43mself\u001B[39;49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m.\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m_frames\u001B[49m\u001B[43m[\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241;43m0\u001B[39;49m\u001B[43m]\u001B[49m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39msave(\n\u001B[0;32m    515\u001B[0m         \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39moutfile, save_all\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001B[39;00m, append_images\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39m_frames[\u001B[38;5;241m1\u001B[39m:],\n\u001B[0;32m    516\u001B[0m         duration\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;28mint\u001B[39m(\u001B[38;5;241m1000\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m/\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;28mself\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mfps), loop\u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m)\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m: list index out of range"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,5)) \n",
    "axis = plt.axes(xlim =(0, 31), ylim =(-150, 0)) \n",
    "  \n",
    "line, = axis.plot([], [], lw = 2) \n",
    "  \n",
    "xdata, ydata = [], [] \n",
    "  \n",
    "# animation function \n",
    "def animate(i): \n",
    "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
    "    xdata.append(num_epochs[i]) \n",
    "    ydata.append(all_b[i]) \n",
    "    line.set_data(xdata, ydata) \n",
    "    axis.set_xlabel(label)\n",
    "      \n",
    "    return line, \n",
    "  \n",
    "# calling the animation function     \n",
    "anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames = 30,repeat=False, interval = 500)\n",
    "\n",
    "f = r\"animation2.gif\" \n",
    "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2) \n",
    "anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "59865a60",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>",
      "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n    if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return WebSocket;\n    } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n        return MozWebSocket;\n    } else {\n        alert(\n            'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n                'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n                'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n                'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n        );\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n    this.id = figure_id;\n\n    this.ws = websocket;\n\n    this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n        var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n        if (warnings) {\n            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n            warnings.textContent =\n                'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n                'Performance may be slow.';\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n    this.context = undefined;\n    this.message = undefined;\n    this.canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n    this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n    this.root = document.createElement('div');\n    this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n    this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n    parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n    this._init_header(this);\n    this._init_canvas(this);\n    this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n    var fig = this;\n\n    this.waiting = false;\n\n    this.ws.onopen = function () {\n        fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n        fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n        if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n            fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n                device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n            });\n        }\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n        if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n            // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n            // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n            // there is no ghosting.\n            fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n        }\n        fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n    };\n\n    this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n        fig.ws.close();\n    };\n\n    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n    var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n    titlebar.classList =\n        'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n    var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n    titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n    titletext.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n    );\n    titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n    this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n    this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n    canvas_div.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n            'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n            'clear: both;' +\n            'min-height: 1px;' +\n            'min-width: 1px;' +\n            'outline: 0;' +\n            'overflow: hidden;' +\n            'position: relative;' +\n            'resize: both;'\n    );\n\n    function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.key_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keydown',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n    );\n    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n        'keyup',\n        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n    );\n\n    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n    this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n    var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n    canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n    canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n    this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n    var backingStore =\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n        1;\n\n    this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n    var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n        'canvas'\n    ));\n    rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n        'style',\n        'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n    );\n\n    // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n    if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n        if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n            this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n        } else {\n            var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n            this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n        }\n    }\n\n    this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n        var nentries = entries.length;\n        for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n            var entry = entries[i];\n            var width, height;\n            if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n                if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n                    // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n                } else {\n                    // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n                    width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n                    height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n                }\n            } else {\n                // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n                width = entry.contentRect.width;\n                height = entry.contentRect.height;\n            }\n\n            // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n            // the canvas container.\n            if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n                // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'width',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n                );\n                canvas.setAttribute(\n                    'height',\n                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n                );\n            } else {\n                canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n                canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n            }\n            canvas.setAttribute(\n                'style',\n                'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n            );\n\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n            // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n            // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n            // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n            if (fig.ws.readyState == 1 && width != 0 && height != 0) {\n                fig.request_resize(width, height);\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n    function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n        return function (event) {\n            return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousedown',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseup',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'dblclick',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n    );\n    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mousemove',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n    );\n\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseenter',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n    );\n    rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n        'mouseleave',\n        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n    );\n\n    canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n            event.step = 1;\n        } else {\n            event.step = -1;\n        }\n        on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n    });\n\n    canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n    canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n    this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n    this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n        if (forward) {\n            canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n            canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n        }\n    };\n\n    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n    this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n        event.preventDefault();\n        return false;\n    });\n\n    function set_focus() {\n        canvas.focus();\n        canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n        var option = document.createElement('option');\n        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n    }\n\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n    properties['type'] = type;\n    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n    if (!this.waiting) {\n        this.waiting = true;\n        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n    var size = msg['size'];\n    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n        0,\n        0,\n        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n    );\n\n    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n    // Updates the figure title.\n    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n    fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n    for (var key in msg) {\n        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n    } else {\n        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n            var img = evt.data;\n            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n                img.type = 'image/png';\n            }\n\n            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n                    fig.imageObj.src\n                );\n            }\n\n            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n                img\n            );\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        } else if (\n            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n        ) {\n            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n            fig.waiting = false;\n            return;\n        }\n\n        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n        try {\n            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n        } catch (e) {\n            console.log(\n                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n                msg\n            );\n            return;\n        }\n\n        if (callback) {\n            try {\n                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n                callback(fig, msg);\n            } catch (e) {\n                console.log(\n                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n                    e,\n                    e.stack,\n                    msg\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    };\n};\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n    var targ;\n    if (!e) {\n        e = window.event;\n    }\n    if (e.target) {\n        targ = e.target;\n    } else if (e.srcElement) {\n        targ = e.srcElement;\n    }\n    if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n        // defeat Safari bug\n        targ = targ.parentNode;\n    }\n\n    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n    var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n    var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n    return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n            obj[key] = original[key];\n        }\n        return obj;\n    }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n    if (name === 'button_press') {\n        this.canvas.focus();\n        this.canvas_div.focus();\n    }\n\n    var x = canvas_pos.x * this.ratio;\n    var y = canvas_pos.y * this.ratio;\n\n    this.send_message(name, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        button: event.button,\n        step: event.step,\n        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n    });\n\n    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n    event.preventDefault();\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n    // Prevent repeat events\n    if (name === 'key_press') {\n        if (event.key === this._key) {\n            return;\n        } else {\n            this._key = event.key;\n        }\n    }\n    if (name === 'key_release') {\n        this._key = null;\n    }\n\n    var value = '';\n    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n        value += 'ctrl+';\n    }\n    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n        value += 'alt+';\n    }\n    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n        value += 'shift+';\n    }\n\n    value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n    return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n    if (name === 'download') {\n        this.handle_save(this, null);\n    } else {\n        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n    var ws = {};\n\n    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n        } else {\n            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n        }\n    }\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n    ws.close = function () {\n        comm.close();\n    };\n    ws.send = function (m) {\n        //console.log('sending', m);\n        comm.send(m);\n    };\n    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n            data = {\n                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n            };\n        }\n        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n        ws.onmessage(data);\n    });\n    return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n    // socket was opened in Python.\n    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n    }\n\n    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n    ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n    fig.parent_element = element;\n    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n        'cleared',\n        { fig: fig },\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n        'cleared',\n        fig._remove_fig_handler\n    );\n    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n    fig.push_to_output();\n    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n    // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n    this.send_message('ack', {});\n    var fig = this;\n    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n    setTimeout(function () {\n        fig.push_to_output();\n    }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n    var fig = this;\n\n    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n    function on_click_closure(name) {\n        return function (_event) {\n            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n        };\n    }\n\n    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n        return function (event) {\n            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    fig.buttons = {};\n    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n    var button;\n    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n        if (!name) {\n            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n            }\n            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n            continue;\n        }\n\n        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n        button.href = '#';\n        button.title = name;\n        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n    }\n\n    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n    }\n\n    // Add the status bar.\n    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n    this.message = status_bar;\n\n    // Add the close button to the window.\n    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n    button = document.createElement('button');\n    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n    button.href = '#';\n    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n    });\n    button.addEventListener(\n        'mouseover',\n        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n    );\n    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n    var fig = event.data.fig;\n    if (event.target !== this) {\n        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n        return;\n    }\n    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n    // off when our div gets focus\n\n    // location in version 3\n    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    } else {\n        // location in version 2\n        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n    // Check for shift+enter\n    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n        this.canvas_div.blur();\n        // select the cell after this one\n        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n    }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n    var ncells = cells.length;\n    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n        var cell = cells[i];\n        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n                if (data.data) {\n                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n                    data = data.data;\n                }\n                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n                    return [cell, data, j];\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n        'matplotlib',\n        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n    );\n}\n"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>",
      "text/html": "<div id='4edb1b53-e949-45cf-818a-6da461c93b45'></div>"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import matplotlib.animation\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n",
    "ax.plot(all_b, all_cost)\n",
    "x, y = [],[]\n",
    "sc = ax.scatter(x,y,color='red',marker='+')\n",
    "plt.xlim(-150,50)\n",
    "plt.ylim(0,2500000)\n",
    "\n",
    "def animate(i):\n",
    "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
    "    x.append(all_b[i])\n",
    "    y.append(all_cost[i])\n",
    "    sc.set_offsets(np.c_[x,y])\n",
    "    ax.set_xlabel(label)\n",
    "\n",
    "ani = matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, \n",
    "                frames=30, interval=500, repeat=True) \n",
    "plt.show()\n",
    "\n",
    "f = r\"animation3.gif\" \n",
    "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2) \n",
    "ani.save(f, writer=writergif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "86869a73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b_input = np.linspace(-150,150,100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "9ca30b9e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "list index out of range",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Input \u001B[1;32mIn [15]\u001B[0m, in \u001B[0;36m<cell line: 3>\u001B[1;34m()\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      4\u001B[0m this_cost \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m \u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m \n\u001B[0;32m      5\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28;01mfor\u001B[39;00m j \u001B[38;5;129;01min\u001B[39;00m \u001B[38;5;28mrange\u001B[39m(X\u001B[38;5;241m.\u001B[39mshape[\u001B[38;5;241m0\u001B[39m]):\n\u001B[1;32m----> 6\u001B[0m     this_cost \u001B[38;5;241m=\u001B[39m this_cost \u001B[38;5;241m+\u001B[39m (\u001B[43my\u001B[49m\u001B[43m[\u001B[49m\u001B[43mj\u001B[49m\u001B[43m]\u001B[49m \u001B[38;5;241m-\u001B[39m m\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39mX[j] \u001B[38;5;241m-\u001B[39m b_input[i])\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m*\u001B[39m\u001B[38;5;241m2\u001B[39m\n\u001B[0;32m      7\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;66;03m#cost_input.append(this_cost)\u001B[39;00m\n\u001B[0;32m      8\u001B[0m \u001B[38;5;28mprint\u001B[39m(this_cost)\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mIndexError\u001B[0m: list index out of range"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cost_input = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(len(b_input)):\n",
    "    this_cost = 0 \n",
    "    for j in range(X.shape[0]):\n",
    "        this_cost = this_cost + (y[j] - m*X[j] - b_input[i])**2\n",
    "    #cost_input.append(this_cost)\n",
    "    print(this_cost)\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d0494c8d",
   "metadata": {
    "pycharm": {
     "is_executing": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  }
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