MET Institute of Engineering, Nashik

What is Git?

  1. Git is a distributed version control system.
  2. The entire codebase and history is available on every developer’s computer, 
     which allows for easy branching and merging.
  3. It is used as Version Control System (VCS) for tracking changes in computer files.

• Distributed version control
• Coordinates work between multiple developers
• Who made what changes and when
• Revert back at any time
• Local & remote repos

CONCEPTS OF GIT

• Keeps track of code history
• Takes "snapshots" of your files
• You decide when to take a snapshot by making a "commit"
• You can visit any snapshot at any time
• You can stage files before committing

Difference Between Git & GitHub

Git	GitHub
Git is a software	GitHub is a cloud service
Git is installed locally on the system	GitHub is hosted on the web
It is command-line tool	It is a graphical user interface
Git is maintained by linux	GitHub is maintained by Microsoft
It is focused on version control and code sharing	It is focused on centralized source code hosting
Git is open-source licensed	GitHub includes a free-tier and pay-for-use tier
Git was released in 2005	GitHub was released in 2008

GIT Installation

• Linux(Debian) $sudo apt-get install git
• Linux(Fedora) $sudo yum install git
• Download for Mac
• Download for Windows

Installation Process Steps:

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. And then Contiune Next > Next > Next > Install
7. 

After Installation We need To configure git using git bash

1. git config --global user.name 'YourName'
2. git config --global user.email 'YourEmail'

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Git Commands

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Getting & Creating Projects

Command	Description
git init	Initialize a local Git repository
git clone ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Create a local copy of a remote repository

Basic Snapshotting

Command	Description
git status	Check status
git add [file-name.txt]	Add a file to the staging area
git add -A	Add all new and changed files to the staging area
git commit -m "[commit message]"	Commit changes
git rm -r [file-name.txt]	Remove a file (or folder)
git push	Push To Remote Repository
git pull	Pull Latest Changes From Remote Repository

Branching & Merging

Command	Description
git branch	List branches (the asterisk denotes the current branch)
git branch -a	List all branches (local and remote)
git branch [branch name]	Create a new branch
git branch -D [branch name]	Delete a branch
git push origin --delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
git checkout -b [branch name]	Create a new branch and switch to it
git checkout -b [branch name] origin/[branch name]	Clone a remote branch and switch to it
git branch -m [old branch name] [new branch name]	Rename a local branch
git checkout [branch name]	Switch to a branch
git checkout -	Switch to the branch last checked out
git checkout -- [file-name.txt]	Discard changes to a file
git merge [branch name]	Merge a branch into the active branch
git merge [source branch] [target branch]	Merge a branch into a target branch
git stash	Stash changes in a dirty working directory
git stash clear	Remove all stashed entries

Sharing & Updating Projects

Command	Description
git push origin [branch name]	Push a branch to your remote repository
git push -u origin [branch name]	Push changes to remote repository (and remember the branch)
git push	Push changes to remote repository (remembered branch)
git push origin --delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
git pull	Update local repository to the newest commit
git pull origin [branch name]	Pull changes from remote repository
git remote add origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Add a remote repository
git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Set a repository's origin branch to SSH

Inspection & Comparison

Command	Description
git log	View changes
git log --summary	View changes (detailed)
git log --oneline	View changes (briefly)
git diff [source branch] [target branch]	Preview changes before merging