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title: 基于搜索的路径规划 | ||
date: | ||
created: 2024-10-17 | ||
updated: 2024-10-17 | ||
categories: | ||
- 机器人 | ||
--- | ||
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!!! note "两个基本任务" | ||
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- Exploration 探索 | ||
- Exploitation 利用 | ||
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## 1. 找可行解的算法 | ||
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### 1.1 PRM(Probabilistic Road Map) | ||
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1. Learning phase | ||
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![alt text](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/PRM_with_Ob-maps.gif) | ||
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- 在地图中随机撒点 | ||
- 对每个点进行碰撞检测,如果碰撞,则删除该点 | ||
- 找到每个点的邻居,连线,如果连线碰撞,则删除该线 | ||
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2. Query phase | ||
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- 使用图搜索算法(Dijkstra, A*, JPS)在PRM图上寻找从起点到终点的路径 | ||
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### 1.2 RRT(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree) | ||
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![](https://picgo-1257309505.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/20241017165945.png) | ||
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## 2. 找最优解的算法 | ||
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### 2.1 RRT*(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree*) | ||
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![](https://picgo-1257309505.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/20241017171227.png) | ||
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!!! note "工程实现" | ||
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1. Bias Sampling: 有一定概率采样到目标点 | ||
2. Sample Rejection: 如果 g + h > c*,则拒绝该采样点 | ||
3. Branch-and-bound: 剪枝,也需要 Trade-off,影响最优性 | ||
4. Graph Sparsify: 稀疏化,影响最优性 | ||
5. Neighbor Query: K近邻或半径查询 | ||
6. Delay Collision Check: 延迟碰撞检测 | ||
7. Bi-directional Search: 双向搜索 | ||
8. Conditional Rewire: 找到第一个解后,进行Rewire | ||
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## 3. 加速收敛速度的算法 | ||
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### 3.1 RRT# | ||
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从利用角度:有些节点没有必要被利用,有些节点可以被利用得更充分 | ||
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### 3.2 Informed RRT* | ||
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从探索角度:只有在Informed set内采样才有用 | ||
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![](https://picgo-1257309505.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/20241017175852.png) |