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lowercase titles and quick fixes
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cjcarver committed Dec 13, 2023
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"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Quantum States\n",
"## Quantum states\n",
"\n",
"Quantum states are mathematical representations of the state of a quantum system. These quantum systems can be described using the schrodinger equation, which is a partial differential equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes with time. The schrodinger equation is given by:\n",
"\n",
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"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Quantum Harmonic Oscillator\n",
"## Quantum harmonic oscillator\n",
"\n",
"The quantum harmonic oscillator is a quantum system that is described by the schrodinger equation. The Hamiltonian operator for the quantum harmonic oscillator is given by:\n",
"\n",
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"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Gaussian States\n",
"## Gaussian states\n",
"\n",
"To understand how simphony simulates quantum state evolution, let us consider a bosonic system with mode operators $\\hat{a}_k$ and $\\hat{a}_k^{\\dagger}$ where $k=1,...,n$ that satisfy the commutation relation $[\\hat{a}_k, \\hat{a}_l^{\\dagger}] = \\delta_{kl}$. The quadrature operators $\\hat{x}$ and $\\hat{p}$ are defined for the $k$-th mode as follows:\n",
"\n",
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"source": [
"```{note} \n",
"\n",
"Simphony adopts the convention of $\\hbar=1/2$ such that $[\\hat{x}, \\hat{p}] = i\\hbar = i/4$ where $\\hat{x}$ is the position operator, $\\hat{p}$ is the momentum operator, and $\\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant. Which corresponds to the uncertainty of the vacuum state $\\langle (\\Delta \\hat{X})^2\\rangle=\\frac{1}{4}$ This convention is used in the definition of the covariance matrix and used in {cite:p}`brask2021gaussian`.\n",
"Simphony adopts the convention of $\\hbar=1/2$ such that $[\\hat{x}, \\hat{p}] = i\\hbar = i/4$ where $\\hat{x}$ is the position operator, $\\hat{p}$ is the momentum operator, and $\\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant. Which corresponds to the uncertainty of the vacuum state $\\langle (\\Delta \\hat{X})^2\\rangle=\\frac{1}{4}$ This convention is used in the definition of the covariance matrix and used in {cite:p}`gerry_knight_2004`.\n",
"```"
]
},
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