Add error handling to cache store future operations

[wangfan00001]

✨ What kind of change does this PR introduce? (Bug fix, feature, docs update...)

Bug fix

⤵️ What is the current behavior?

When database operations in the retrieveCacheData method encounter exceptions, error callbacks are not properly executed. Specifically:

• When _getCacheDataFromDatabase or related async operations throw exceptions, the Completer is not handled correctly
• Exceptions are not caught and propagated, preventing callers from receiving error callbacks
• Entries in _futureCache may not be properly cleaned up, causing memory leaks

🆕 What is the new behavior (if this is a feature change)?

After the fix:

• Added catchError handler to properly catch and propagate exceptions to the completer
• Ensures proper cleanup of _futureCache in both success and error paths
• Callers can now properly receive error callbacks in exception scenarios

💥 Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

No

🐛 Recommendations for testing

• Simulate database connection exceptions to verify error callbacks are properly executed
• Test scenarios where _fileExists method throws exceptions
• Verify handling when _cacheInfoRepository access fails
• Confirm that _futureCache is properly cleaned up in exception cases

📝 Links to relevant issues/docs

N/A

🤔 Checklist before submitting

• All projects build
• Follows style guide lines (code style guide)
• Relevant documentation was updated
• Rebased onto current develop