Functionality:
- Copies image from the file firmware.bin to FLASH
- Loading starts at 0x0800 8000 (can be changed)
- Write protection is automatically removed and restored
- File/image checksum/crc checking is not done
- UART1 @115200 can be used to monitor the boot process.
- FAT32 file system with 512 - 4096 byte AUs. exFAT can be enabled
Load point is set by APP_ADDRESS in bootloader.h.
Image filename is set by CONF_FILENAME in main.h.
Target card was a STM32_F4VE.
Pinout is at: https://stm32-base.org/boards/STM32F407VET6-STM32-F4VE-V2.0.html
This code is based on:
bootloader and main routines:
https://akospasztor.github.io/stm32-bootloader
FAT system, low level routines & print routines:
https://github.com/colosimo/fatfs-stm32
The reset handler modifications are based on Piranna's comment in the following page:
https://community.st.com/s/question/0D50X0000AFpTmUSQV/using-nvicsystemreset-in-bootloaderapplication-jumps
The low level routines & print routines significantly reduced the image size vs. using STM32CubeIDE generated code (15,900 vs. 22,500). That allows The lowest load point to be the beginning of sector 1 (0x0800 4000).
EXFAT support can be enabled. It has been successfully tested. The drawback with enabling EXFAT (and the required LFN support) is the huge image size. With EXFAT the lowest load point is 0x0802 0000.
SDIO is used in low speed 1 bit wide polling mode. High speed 4 bit wide mode worked for cards with 512 byte allocation units but not with 4096 byte allocation units.
This board does NOT have a hardware "SD card is present" pin so some code was commented out.
Erasing is done via sectors. All sectors that don't have the boot loader image in it are erased.
APP_ADDRESS can be set to any 512 byte aligned address in any erased sector.
Changing the write protection status of the page actually occurs during hardware reset. The code initiates the reset sequence.
The software is a state machine. There are two main state cycles:
- Bootloader mode vs. application mode
- Write protection
The flags/variables used to control the state machine have to survive the CPU going through reset and the reset handler. This is accomplished via:
- A custom reset handler
- Some of the flags/variables are used directly by the custom reset handler. These can go into the standard bss and data sections because they are used before the bss section of RAM gets zeroed out.
- Some of the flags/variables are used in the main C routines. Some can be initialized on reset. These can go into the standard data section. The ones that can't be initialized are put into the "no_init" section. Allowing them to go into the bss section would result in them getting zeroed out by the reset handler.
Interactions/dependencies between the bootloader and the application are minimized by a custom reset handler. Sending the CPU through a reset between finishing the bootloader activities and starting the application means that the two can have independent startup code. Not going through reset requires trying to put the CPU back into a state that doesn't interfere with the application. The "non-reset" approach is, to be polite, "problematic". Thanks to Piranna for showing a better method.
Further down is a simplified flow chart of the software.
I used platformio within VSCode. You'll need to set the workspace to the top directory. In the terminal window set the directory to the same one as the workspace. Use the command "platformio run" command to build the image.
Porting to the STM32F407ZG is very easy. The only difference is the larger FLASH. You'll need to modify the FLASH defines to add the larger number of sectors.
Porting to other processors requires looking at the sector layout, erase mechanisms and FLASH programming mechanisms.
This bootloader is one of a family of bootloaders aimed at various platforms.
All are based on the bootloader and main routines from akospasztor.
https://akospasztor.github.io/stm32-bootloader
Most are optimized for size. These are hased on the FAT system, low level routines & print routines from here: https://github.com/colosimo/fatfs-stm32
The larger sized ones are based on STM32cubeIDE code.
