Update summaries-sebastien-bonhomme.md

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 During this lesson of Digital History, we were first met with the key question of how to know whether something, for example an historical information or some data, is truthful or not. The case of British “historian” David Irving was of particular importance. Irving wrote books about WW2 and most notably, laid the claim that Adolf Hitler was unaware of the Holocaust and if he had been, would have stopped it. This, overtime, evolved, with further works, into being a full-on Holocaust denier, leading to a trial with dozens of other historians attempting, with success, to demonstrate that the Holocaust did indeed happen and an analyse of how Irving’s dishonest interpretation of some documents led to his stance.
 We then applied this idea to databases and how historians can make their network data a viable source for research via a process of **Selection** (which data chosen?), **Modelling** (how is said data structured?), **Normalisation** (making the data consistent), **Linking** (connecting the data with data from another researcher) and finally **Classification** (grouping data into meaningful categories) in text-form. All in all, a historian’s amassed data should also, in the best case scenario, follow the F.A.I.R. concept, in that the data shall be **f**indable by other historians afterwards, for example in a depository, be **a**ccessible copyright wise, **i**nteroperable, in other terms connectable to another set of data from a different historian, given linked research subjects, and finally **r**eusable, with a certain technical norm.
 
+## Group exercice of the 4th of December 2024 session - (Jelena, Emilie, Samuel, Sébastien) - Voyant Tools – Churchill speech – File 2
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+Our group worked on assignment 1, regarding the speech made by Churchill at Fulton, Missouri in 1946, and linked with the notion of Iron Curtain, focusing here on file number 2 specifically and answering to two questions, which were:
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+*1.	Explore the word cloud (cirrus), the list of terms, and the links (on top left). What do you notice about the insights you obtain and how would you interpret them? Can you think of ways of using this kind of visualizations and lists?*
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+*2.	Explore the contexts and collocations (on the bottom right). What do you notice about the insights you obtain and how would you interpret them? Can you think of ways of using this kind of visualizations and lists?*
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+First, in the word cloud the most important words are bold and bigger and the less important words are smaller. The list of terms highlights positive (highlighted in green, for example powerful, confident, secure etc.) and negative (highlighted in red, for example lie, awful and weakness etc.) words. In Links that are blue that are also part of the most frequencies word. By choosing a Terms in a blue frame are connected to multiple terms. The Terms in an orange Frame are only connected with one term. 
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+Then, the tab « contexts » permits us to see how one of the frequently appearing words occurs in its specific textual context at each of its occurrences. There, in a column for the left part and one on the right part, a snippet of the sentence containing the word is given, thus granting a vision of the context of its use. We can therefore not only see with the word cloud how many times a word appears, but here with the context, this appearance differs from each other, possibly on the thematic matter or the intended meaning and tone. Clicking on it make an excerpt from the used text appear. The display in our case concerns the word « World », which we can see in the two first given contexts, relate in the discourse of Churchill to World Power and to organisations on a worldwide scale, vastly different meaning. The tab « collocations » on the other hand lets us see how many times a specific word, that can be chosen via a menu at the bottom, has been appearing in relation to another specific one. For example, we can see the word « world », the most frequently appearing, has been aside the other term « organisation » a total of 9 times, thus underlining the importance of world organisations for Churchill and his intentions. One can also in this regard structure the shown results and collocation on the basic of their frequency in ascending order an in descending order. Furthermore, the collocation box highlights in the colours red words like adjective with a negative connotation and meaning and green those with positive ones. Here, Churchill used the strong word tyranny, to give an example.
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+Finally, our insight regarding distant reading is that in by deconstructing the speech made by Churchill via Voyant Tools for example, we can understand the whole text in a sort of summarised version where the key intents and wordings as well as their contexts and intent are highlighted more efficiently and visible than it might have been if read closely in a more regular way. We notice more clearly the style used by Churchill to accentuate certain aspects more positively and in a more encouraging manner or more negatively in a depreciating way.