Enable use of different Jacobian implementations with 1D solver

[speth]

Changes proposed in this pull request

• Generalize PreconditionerBase (now renamed SystemJacobian) to be able represent both preconditioners ($M = I - \gamma J$) and the matrices needed for the pseudo-transient solver used by Sim1D ($M = J - \alpha \Delta t^{-1}$)
• Refactor the MultiJac to be a derived class of PreconditionerBase and avoid direct inheritance from BandMatrix
• Add methods to OneDim to allow setting the implementation of SystemJacobian to use
• Introduce a SystemJacobian implementation that uses Eigen's sparse direct LU factorization
• Make selection of perturbations used when computing the finite difference Jacobian used by OneDim more flexible. In some cases, different perturbations can reduce the number of residual and Jacobian evaluations required to converge. However, this is not universal so the default values are mostly unchanged.

If applicable, fill in the issue number this pull request is fixing

This is preliminary work toward several planned improvements:

• Implement a steady-state solver for 0-D systems enhancements#31, where the banded Jacobian is a poor default (related: Steady-State Solver for ZeroD Reactors #1021, Numeric solver runaway using ReactorNet.advance_to_steady_state #989, Fix implementation of advance_to_steady_state #654)
• Provide Jacobian to Sundials solvers enhancements#86
• Implement GPU solver for 1D flame simulations enhancements#34
• Dualism of InterfaceKinetics vs Reactor Networks (ReactorSurface)? enhancements#61 (related: InterfaceKinetics::solvePseudoSteadyStateProblem does not enforce coverage constraints #609)

Note: some of the earlier performance gains that I saw turned out to require Jacobian settings that were not as robust as I'd hoped. I think getting reliably better Jacobians and cutting down the Jacobian evaluation time will be best addressed by work towards semi-analytical evaluation, as we've done in the 0D solver.

Checklist

• The pull request includes a clear description of this code change
• Commit messages have short titles and reference relevant issues
• Build passes (scons build & scons test) and unit tests address code coverage
• Style & formatting of contributed code follows contributing guidelines
• The pull request is ready for review

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 72.90323% with 84 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 74.41%. Comparing base (37db019) to head (afe46f1).
Report is 26 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
include/cantera/numerics/SystemJacobian.h	55.55%	24 Missing ⚠️
interfaces/cython/cantera/jacobians.pyx	73.46%	13 Missing ⚠️
src/numerics/EigenSparseJacobian.cpp	71.05%	11 Missing ⚠️
src/oneD/MultiJac.cpp	69.23%	8 Missing ⚠️
src/numerics/AdaptivePreconditioner.cpp	50.00%	4 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
src/oneD/OneDim.cpp	87.75%	5 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
src/numerics/EigenSparseDirectJacobian.cpp	55.55%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
include/cantera/numerics/AdaptivePreconditioner.h	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/oneD/MultiNewton.cpp	83.33%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/oneD/Sim1D.cpp	40.00%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
... and 2 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1836      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   74.39%   74.41%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         382      386       +4     
  Lines       53354    53622     +268     
  Branches     9031     9062      +31     
==========================================
+ Hits        39691    39904     +213     
- Misses      10608    10648      +40     
- Partials     3055     3070      +15     

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[ischoegl]

@speth ... thanks for taking this on! Overall, this looks great, and I look forward to the follow-up work. As this is part of a larger project, could you create a tracking issue over at Cantera/enhancements?

Beyond, all of my requests are nitpicks and are more about making sure that we start new files fully documented.