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Documentation for ETKI
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eviatarbach committed Oct 24, 2023
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# [Ensemble Transform Kalman Inversion](@id etki)

Ensemble transform Kalman inversion (ETKI) is a variant of EKI based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter ([Bishop et al., 2001](http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0420:ASWTET>2.0.CO;2)). It is a form of ensemble square-root inversion, and was previously implemented in [Huang et al., 2022](http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac99fa). The main advantage of ETKI over EKI is that it has better scalability as the observation dimension grows: while the naive implementation of EKI scales as ``\mathcal{O}(p^3)`` in the observation dimension ``p``, ETKI scales as ``\mathcal{O}(p)``.
Ensemble transform Kalman inversion (ETKI) is a variant of EKI based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter ([Bishop et al., 2001](http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0420:ASWTET>2.0.CO;2)). It is a form of ensemble square-root inversion, and was previously implemented in [Huang et al., 2022](http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac99fa). The main advantage of ETKI over EKI is that it has better scalability as the observation dimension grows: while the naive implementation of EKI scales as ``\mathcal{O}(p^3)`` in the observation dimension ``p``, ETKI scales as ``\mathcal{O}(p)``. This, however, refers to the online cost. ETKI may have an offline cost of ``\mathcal{O}(p^3)`` if ``\Gamma`` is not easily invertible; see below.

The major disadvantage of ETKI, as currently implemented, is that it cannot be used with localization or sampling error correction. ETKI also requires the inverse observation noise covariance, ``\Gamma^{-1}``. In typical applications, when ``\Gamma`` is diagonal, this will be cheap to compute; however, if ``p`` is very large and ``\Gamma`` has non-trivial cross-covariance structure, computing the inverse may be prohibitively expensive.
The major disadvantage of ETKI is that it cannot be used with localization or sampling error correction. ETKI also requires the inverse observation noise covariance, ``\Gamma^{-1}``. In typical applications, when ``\Gamma`` is diagonal, this will be cheap to compute; however, if ``p`` is very large and ``\Gamma`` has non-trivial cross-covariance structure, computing the inverse may be prohibitively expensive.

## Using ETKI

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