CI: use system meson on Ubuntu 24.04 (backport #3056)

[mergify]

ubuntu-latest label got switched over to ubuntu-24.04 runners recently...

This fixes

error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP [6](https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/actions/runs/11253057491/job/31287533802#step:3:7)68 for the detailed specification.
```<hr>This is an automatic backport of pull request #3056 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).