Password Entropy signifies a measure of password strength, i.e., how effective a password is against adversaries who try to guess it or use a brute-force attack.
Therefore, in principle, the greater the entropy, the better a password, at least when it comes to resisting brute force attacks.
This is half the number of attempts to guess with a 100% certainty - if a password has n bits of entropy, an attacker needs on average 2n - 1guesses.
For each common symbol type (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, etc.), enter how many characters of that type there are in your password. The calculator does not require you to enter the password - you're 100% safe!
Here's a mathematical recipe for how to calculate password entropy:
where:
R- Size of the pool of unique characters from which we build the password; andL- Password length, i.e., the number of characters in the password.
| Pool | Elements | Pool Size |
|---|---|---|
| Digits | 0-9 | 10 |
| Lower case Latin letters | a-z | 26 |
| Upper case Latin letters | A-Z | 26 |
| Latin letters | a-z, A-Z | 52 |
| Alphanumeric | a-z, 0-9 | 36 |
| Alphanumeric & Upper Case | a-z, A-Z, 0-9 | 62 |
| Special symbols | `~!@#$%^&*()-=_+[{]}|;':",.<>/? | 32 |
To determine the pool size for your password, go through the table above. If your password contains at least one character from a given category, then mark this category.Then add the sizes of categories that you've marked. For example:
- The password incorrect has a pool of
26characters (lower case letters); - Changing the password to Incorrect would increase the pool to
52characters (lower case and upper case letters); - Changing it further to IncoRRect77 would increase the pool to
62characters (lower case, upper case letters, numbers); and - Finally, IncoRRect77$%& has the pool of
26 + 26 + 10 + 32 = 94characters (lower case, upper case letters, numbers, and special symbols).
The other quantity you need to know to compute your password's entropy is the password length. Nothing complicated here, you just need to count the characters. Continuing our example, both incorrect and Incorrect have 9 characters, IncoRRect77 has 11 characters, and Incorrect77$%& has 14 characters.
Once you know the pool size Rand the password length L, the last step to determine password entropy is to apply the formula E = L * log2(R)
- For incorrect, we have
R = 26andL = 9, soE = 9 * log2(26) ≈ 9 * 4.700 ≈ 42.3 bits; - For Incorrect, we have
R = 52andL = 9, soE = 9 * log2(52) ≈ 9 * 5.700 ≈ 51.3 bits; - For IncoRRect77, we have
R = 62andL = 11, soE = 11 * log2(62) ≈ 11 * 5.954 ≈ 65.5 bits; - For IncoRRect77$%&, we have
R = 94andL = 14, soE = 14 * log2(94) ≈ 14 * 6.5545 ≈ 91.76 bits
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