Algorithms and Data Structures project on different heaps and their use in the Dijkstra and A* algorithms.

I made this project in 2023 as part of AD2 assignment at UGent (major Informatica).
Here you can see my the full report of the project with some mathematical proofs and conclusions about heaps.

Benchmarks

Measured on: Intel i5-1240P
Measured with pre-filled heaps

Heaps

Running decreaseKey-operations on heaps:

Pairing Heap

Elements Count	Operations Count	Recursive	Mean	Std-Dev
1 000	1 000	true	0.115ms	0.048ms
1 000	1 000	false	0.12ms	0.11ms
100 000	100 000	true	12.23ms	3.99ms
100 000	100 000	false	10.39ms	1.31ms
1 000 000	1 000 000	true	276.61ms	72.89ms
1 000 000	1 000 000	false	253.06ms	57.38ms

Skew Heap

Elements Count	Operations Count	Recursive	Mean	Std-Dev
1 000	1 000	true	0.314ms	0.041ms
1 000	1 000	false	0.305ms	0.074ms
100 000	100 000	true	43.06ms	17.47ms
100 000	100 000	false	37.45ms	1.55ms
1 000 000	1 000 000	true	1069.40ms	76.59ms
1 000 000	1 000 000	false	1061.73ms	55.62ms

Mean and Std-Dev are calculated from 100 individual runs for each row.

Shortest Path

Algorithm is benched using coherent graphs.

A* with Skew Heap

Nodes	Edges	Mean	Std-Dev
10 000	20 051	7.39ms	5.39ms
10 000	20 459	6.59ms	2.83ms
10 000	21 965	3.41ms	1.58ms
10 000	100 000	6.55ms	5.48ms
1 000 000	2 000 047	704.40ms	415.53ms
1 000 000	2 000 506	902.92ms	371.97ms
1 000 000	2 004 911	725.80ms	489.88ms
1 000 000	2 045 257	716.39ms	479.79ms
5 000 000	10 409 179	6084.92ms	3268.69ms

A* with Pairing Heap

Nodes	Edges	Mean	Std-Dev
10 000	20 051	8.69ms	5.91ms
10 000	20 459	6.39ms	3.03ms
10 000	21 965	5.97ms	3.10ms
10 000	100 000	5.85ms	4.87ms
1 000 000	2 000 047	696.22ms	365.18ms
1 000 000	2 000 506	887.30ms	430.49ms
1 000 000	2 004 911	759.19ms	466.33ms
1 000 000	2 045 257	801.39ms	524.92ms
5 000 000	10 409 179	6058.80ms	3286.14ms

Mean and Std-Dev are calculated from 10 individual runs for each row choosing each time 2 random nodes.