download_strategy: skip GET retry for headers

The `curl --head --request GET` causes a full download to happen on
`curl` prior to 8.10.0[^1] (ignoring `curl` 8.6.0 which returned a
"Weird server reply" due to a bug[^2]) which causes poor UX due to slow
Cask downloads that can take almost twice as long as it should.

[^1]: #18213
[^2]: https://curl.se/mail/lib-2024-02/0000.html

Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rb

@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ def resolve_url_basename_time_file_size(url, timeout: nil)
     return @resolved_info_cache[url] if @resolved_info_cache.include?(url)
 
     begin
-      parsed_output = curl_headers(url.to_s, wanted_headers: ["content-disposition"], timeout:)
+      parsed_output = curl_headers(url.to_s, wanted_headers: ["content-disposition"], skip_get_retry: true, timeout:)
     rescue ErrorDuringExecution
       return [url, parse_basename(url), nil, nil, false]
     end

Library/Homebrew/utils/curl.rb

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def curl_output(*args, **options)
       curl_with_workarounds(*args, print_stderr: false, show_output: true, **options)
     end
 
-    def curl_headers(*args, wanted_headers: [], **options)
+    def curl_headers(*args, wanted_headers: [], skip_get_retry: false, **options)
       [[], ["--request", "GET"]].each do |request_args|
         result = curl_output(
           "--fail", "--location", "--silent", "--head", *request_args, *args,
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ def curl_headers(*args, wanted_headers: [], **options)
         ].include?(result.exit_status)
           parsed_output = parse_curl_output(result.stdout)
 
-          if request_args.empty?
+          if request_args.empty? && !skip_get_retry
             # If we didn't get any wanted header yet, retry using `GET`.
             next if wanted_headers.any? &&
                     parsed_output.fetch(:responses).none? { |r| (r.fetch(:headers).keys & wanted_headers).any? }