Expose functions and types from ouroboros-* required by cardano-cli

[palas]

Changelog

- description: |
    Exposed functions and types from `ouroboros-*` required by `cardano-cli`.
  type:
  - compatible

Context

As part of the work targeted at addressing issues pointed out in #608, this PR aims to provide cardano-cli with everything it needs from consensus and network.

How to trust this PR

Make sure it is just a refactoring for cardano-cli.

Make sure the way new things are exposed is sensible.

Look at it in conjunction with: IntersectMBO/cardano-cli#957

Most commits are linked 1 to 1 with commits in the cardano-cli PR.

Checklist

• Commit sequence broadly makes sense and commits have useful messages
• New tests are added if needed and existing tests are updated. See Running tests for more details
• Self-reviewed the diff