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232 changes: 232 additions & 0 deletions docs-website/topics/serialization-get-started.md
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[//]: # (title: Get started with Kotlin serialization)

[Serialization](serialization.md) converts objects into a format that can be stored or transmitted and later reconstructed.

This tutorial shows you how to add the necessary plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization and how to serialize and deserialize objects in JSON format.

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Maybe explicitly state that the library supports multiple formats, but this tutorial focuses on JSON.

## Add plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization

To include the `kotlinx.serialization` library in your project, add the corresponding plugin and dependency configuration based on your build tool.

> To set up the Kotlin compiler plugin for Bazel, see the example provided in the [rules_kotlin repository](https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_kotlin/tree/master/examples/plugin/src/serialization).
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I think this note should be moved after Gradle/Maven sections

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hmm 🤔 my issue with that is that way it might seem like it's related to Maven. Since it's just a note without specific instructions I left it in the generic part of the doc.

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It's weird to start the dependencies section with Bazel. The first buildsystem mentioned should be our default — Gradle.

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You can use ### Other build systems section or something like that to mention Bazel

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We can also mention there for example our 'raw' compiler plugin artifact to be used with -Xplugin CLI arg. I can add it there later

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Also we can promote Amper here, adding instructions with it as well

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If there is a lot of stuff on different build systems it even makes sense to have a separate page for it (linked here). It would also help those who want to find instructions for setting it up in different build systems as they often would not expect it in a generic getting started page.

>
{style="tip"}

### Gradle

Add the following dependency to your `build.gradle(.kts)` file:

<tabs>
<tab id="kotlin" title="Kotlin">

```kotlin
// build.gradle.kts
plugins {
kotlin("plugin.serialization") version "%kotlinVersion%"
}

dependencies {
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%")
}
```

</tab>

<tab id="groovy" title="Groovy">

```groovy
// build.gradle
plugins {
id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization' version '%kotlinVersion%'
}

dependencies {
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%'
}
```

</tab>

</tabs>

### Maven

Add the serialization plugin and library to your `pom.xml` file:

1. Specify the Kotlin and serialization version in the `<properties>` section:

```xml
<properties>
<kotlin.version>%kotlinVersion%</kotlin.version>
<serialization.version>%serializationVersion%</serialization.version>
</properties>
```

2. Add the Kotlin serialization Maven plugin to the `<build>` section:

```xml
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>compile</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<compilerPlugins>
<plugin>kotlinx-serialization</plugin>
</compilerPlugins>
</configuration>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-serialization</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
```

3. Add the JSON serialization library dependency to the `<dependencies>` section:

```xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlinx-serialization-json</artifactId>
<version>${serialization.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
```

### Add the Kotlin serialization library to a multiplatform project
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We also mention Proguard rules (specific for Android) in the README.md. Do you plan to add them here?

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good question 🤔
I think we could add it to the Create custom serializer page (where we talk about serializer() and companion objects) Although, we could place a link to that part of the page here. 🤔
What do you think?

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I think it's a bad idea. It is not always related to custom serializer, regular @Serializable classes can have named companions as well. I would expect separate page for Proguard then (linked here)


To use Kotlin serialization in multiplatform projects, add the JSON serialization library dependency to your common source set:
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Maybe change it to "To use Kotlin serialization for JSON in multiplatform projects..." (and maybe: "This will automatically include the core serialization library.") Currently it implies that JSON is needed if a different format is used.


```kotlin
commonMain {
dependencies {
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%")
}
}
```

## Serialize objects to JSON

In Kotlin, you can serialize objects to JSON using the `kotlinx.serialization` library.

To make a class serializable, you need to mark it with the [`@Serializable`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-core/kotlinx.serialization/-serializable/) annotation.
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In between these lines, you may also want to remind readers that the plugin must be applied (annotation+plugin) → serializer. People don't read carefully, so leaving it out in this context is likely going to lead to some (too many) people not applying the plugin and wondering why it doesn't work.

This annotation instructs the compiler to generate the code required for serializing and deserializing instances of the class.
For more information, see [The @Serialization annotation](serialization-customization-options.md#the-serializable-annotation).

Let's look at an example:

1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries:

```kotlin
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.json.*
```

2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`:

```kotlin
@Serializable
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String)
```

> The `@Serializable` annotation enables default serialization of all properties with backing fields.
> You can customize serialization behavior with property-level annotations, optional properties, and more.
>
> For more information, see [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md).
>
{style="note"}

3. Use the [`Json.encodeToString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/encode-to-string.html) function to serialize an instance of this class:

```kotlin
// Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.json.*

// Marks the Data class as serializable
@Serializable
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String)

fun main() {
// Serializes an instance of the Data class into a JSON string
val json = Json.encodeToString(Data(42, "str"))
println(json)
// {"a":42,"b":"str"}
}
```
{kotlin-runnable="true"}

As a result, you get a string containing the state of this object in JSON format: `{"a":42,"b":"str"}`

> You can also serialize a collection of objects in a single call:
>
> ```kotlin
> val dataList = listOf(Data(42, "str"), Data(12, "test"))
> val jsonList = Json.encodeToString(dataList)
> ```
>
{style="tip"}

## Deserialize objects from JSON

Deserialization converts a JSON string back into an object.

To deserialize an object from JSON in Kotlin:

1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries:

```kotlin
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.json.*
```

2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`:

```kotlin
@Serializable
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String)
```

3. Use the [`Json.decodeFromString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/decode-from-string.html) function to deserialize an object from JSON:

```kotlin
// Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.json.*

// Marks the Data class as serializable
@Serializable
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String)

fun main() {
// Deserializes a JSON string into an instance of the Data class
val obj = Json.decodeFromString<Data>("""{"a":42, "b": "str"}""")
println(obj)
// Data(a=42, b=str)
}
```
{kotlin-runnable="true"}

Congratulations! You have successfully serialized an object to JSON and deserialized it back into an object in Kotlin!

## What's next

* Learn how to serialize standard types, including built-in types like numbers and strings, in [Serialize built-in types](serialization-serialize-builtin-types.md).
* Discover how to customize class serialization and adjust the default behavior of the `@Serializable` annotation in the [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md) section.
* Dive deeper into handling JSON data and configuring JSON serialization in the [JSON serialization overview](configure-json-serialization.md).