Stegosphere

A flexible steganography and steganalysis library for image, audio, ttf, multiple file and all NumPy-array-readable steganography, including encryption and compression.

Install via pip: pip install stegosphere

It is meant to be usable for research by combining steganography and steganalysis, see Research toolbox.

Table of contents

1. General usage
2. Image steganography
3. Audio steganography
4. ttf steganography
5. Multimedia steganography
6. File handling
7. Compression and Encryption
8. Additional parameters
9. More file types
10. Research toolbox
11. Contributing

General

The library is made to allow for generalisation and compatability of different steganographical methods across file types. The base steganography classes define steganography on top of numpy arrays, while the implementations for different file types primarily aid in converting between the file type and numpy arrays.

Currently, methods for image, audio, ttf, video and multi-file steganography are implemented.

Image steganography

For image steganography, LSB (Least Significant Bit), PVD (Pixel Value Differencing), BPCS (Bit-Plane Complexity Segmentation) and IWT (Integer Wavelet Transform) steganography are currently available.

The example loads an image into a container and writes a payload into the pixels and then reads it out again.

from stegosphere.containers.image import ImageContainer
from stegosphere.methods import LSB
from stegosphere.io import *

img = ImageContainer('image.png')
px = img.read()
cover = LSB.embed(px, 'Embedded message!', method='delimiter')
img.flush(cover)
img.save('image_stego.png')

steg_img = ImageContainer('image_stego.png')
steg_px = steg_img.read()
uncover = LSB.extract(steg_px, method='delimiter')

print(binary_to_data(uncover))
#Expected output: 'Embedded message!'

For additional parameters, see the chapter on parameters.

Audio steganography

For audio steganography, LSB (Least Significant Bit), FVD (Frequency Value Differencing) and IWT (Integer Wavelet Transform) steganography are currently available. The example below loads an audio and encodes the file image.png into the audio. The image is then recovered and saved.

from stegosphere.containers.audio import WAVContainer
from stegosphere.methods import VD
from stegosphere.io import file_to_binary, binary_to_file


wav = WAVContainer('audio.wav')
bin_image = file_to_binary('image.png')
frames = wav.read()
embedded = VD.embed(frames, bin_image)
wav.flush(embedded)
wav.save('steg_audio.wav')


steg_wav = WAVContainer('steg_audio.wav')
steg_frames = steg_wav.read()
extracted = VD.extract(steg_frames)

binary_to_file(extracted,'recovered_image.png')

For additional parameters, see the chapter on parameters.

ttf steganography

For ttf steganography, LSB (Least Significant Bit) and Custom Table steganography are currently available.

The example below stores a string into a custom created table within the TTF file.

from stegosphere.containers.ttf import TTFContainer
from stegosphere.methods import ttf_CustomTable


font = TTFContainer('font.ttf')

embedded = ttf_CustomTable.embed(font, 'Encoded message!', table_name='STEG')
embedded.save('steg_font.ttf')

steg_font = TTFContainer('steg_font.ttf')

print(ttf_CustomTable.extract(steg_font, 'STEG'))

Multifile steganography

It is also possible to divide the payload across different files. Different methods and parameters can be used for each file where data is being encoded. Below, the content of the file payload.png is distributed randomly (with a seed) across the files image.png and audio.wav, with LSB and FVD being used.

from stegosphere.containers import image, audio
from stegosphere.methods import LSB, VD
from stegosphere.tools import multifile
from stegosphere import io

data = io.file_to_binary('payload.png')

img = image.ImageContainer('image.png')
aud = audio.WAVContainer('audio.wav')

px = img.read()
frames = aud.read()

img_encode = lambda payload: LSB.embed(px, payload)
aud_encode = lambda payload: VD.embed(frames, payload)

#the encoded image pixels and audio frames
IMG, AUD = multifile.split_encode(data, [img_encode, aud_encode], seed=42)
#flush encoded data into file objects
img.flush(IMG)
aud.flush(AUD)

img.save('stego_image.png')
aud.save('stego_audio.wav')

#Extracting
img = image.ImageContainer('stego_image.png')
aud = audio.WAVContainer('stego_audio.wav')

px, frames = img.read(), aud.read()

img_extract = lambda: LSB.extract(px)
aud_extract = lambda: VD.extract(frames)

output = multifile.split_decode([img_extract, aud_extract], seed=42)

assert output == data

The payload can be distributed evenly (default setting), using weighted distribution or roundrobin.

File handling

Several functions for file handling are provided.

stegosphere.io.file_to_binary(path) --> converts any file into binary for encoding.

stegosphere.io.binary_to_file(binary_data, output_path) --> saves binary back into file format.

stegosphere.io.data_to_binary(data) --> converts any string into binary for encoding.

stegosphere.io.binary_to_data(binary) --> converts a binary string into a readable bytes object.

Compression and encryption

Additionally, compression and encryption are provided. Compression can be used by setting compress='lzma' when encoding/decoding. The given message will then be (de)compressed using lzma.

Compression can also be used on its own, by using compression.compress/compression.decompress. lzmaand deflate algorithm are currently available.

Additional parameters

Parameter	Available for	Effect
seed	LSB, VD, multifile	Distributes payload pseudorandomly across the file. Reduces detectability drastically.
matching	in development for LSB	less detectable way of adapting bits in LSB
bits	LSB	increases capacity, increases detectability
method	LSB, VD	The method to detect end of message when decoding. Either 'delimiter', 'metadata' or None.
metadata_length	LSB, VD	Bits used at the beginning of the message for the metadata. Change only needed for very short or very long (>0.5GB) payloads.
delimiter_message	LSB, VD	The message used as an end of message signifier when decoding.
compress	LSB, VD	Compress message to save space when encoding.

More file types

Any file types which can be read or converted as a numpy array can be used for some of the steganographic methods, which are implemented in the methods folder.

Research toolbox

The steganography and steganalysis modules can be combined to create research pipelines. Below is an example of measuring how different measures (speed, PSNR, ...) change when increasing the payload of an image, using LSB, for a set of images from a folder.

import pandas as pd

from stegosphere.methods import LSB
from stegosphere.utils import generate_binary_payload as gbp
from stegosphere.analysis import efficiency, imperceptibility, detectability, accuracy
from stegosphere.containers import ContainerCollection
from stegosphere.containers import image

import os
path = os.listdir('PATH_TO_IMAGE_DIRECTORY')

images = ContainerCollection(path, image.ImageContainer, filter=True)
pxs = images.read()

df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['image', 'capacity','psnr','embed efficiency', 'detector','accuracy','extract efficiency'])

#test for different images
for path, px in zip(images.paths, pxs):
    max_capacity = LSB.max_capacity(px) - LSB.METADATA_LENGTH_LSB
    max_payload = gbp(capacity)

    #test for differrent payload sizes
    for cap in range(0, max_capacity, max_capacity//10):
        #Embedding efficiency
        with efficiency.Timer() as embed_time:
            emb = LSB.embed(px, max_payload[:cap])
        #Imperceptibility
        p = imperceptibility.psnr(px, emb, 255)
        #Detectability
        d = detectability.uniformity_detector(emb)
        #Extraction efficiency
        with efficiency.Timer() as extract_time:
            ext = LSB.extract(emb)
        #Extraction accuracy
        acc = accuracy.bit_error_rate(ext, max_payload[:cap])
        #Store results
        df.loc[len(df)] = path, cap, p , embed_time.diff, d, acc, extract_time.diff

print(df)

Contributing

Any support or input is always welcomed. Additional general methods are much needed.

Contact:

Email: maximilian.koch@student.uva.nl

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maximilian-jw-koch/