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Denniston (1954), from page 114 to page 152

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NinaCengic edited this page Aug 27, 2022 · 1 revision

I. Emphatic (determinative and intensive) [II. Limitative – see below.]

  • in Denniston’s view plays a more significant role than - limitative γε is more familiar scholars usually are aware of
  1. Typical use

1.1 Unsupported by a connective particle

1.2 After a connective particle – especially for determinative γε

  1. Particular uses

  2. With adjectives and adverbs expressing number, size, intensity

  3. With ἄλλος in negative or virtually negative sentences

  4. With pronouns

  5. With relatives

  6. After interrogatives

  7. In commands

  8. In conditional protasis, following a negative

  9. Apodotic

  10. Exclamatory

  11. 1 Following adjectives

  12. 2 Following adverbs

  13. 3 Following verbs

  14. 4 Following nouns

Word emphasized by γε is often preceded by:

  1. 5 Exclamation/oath

  2. 6 Apostrophe alone

  3. 7 Repetition of previous speaker's words

  4. In answers

  5. 1 In affirmative answers

  6. 2 In negative answers

  7. 3 In affirmative answers contradicting a denial

  8. 4 In answers to questions that give no lead

  9. 5 Affirmative answers to questions and statements that add something to pure affirmation

  10. 6 Adds detail to already expressed assent

  11. 7 Formulae of assent

  12. 8 In interrupted dialogues in drama completed by another speaker who sometimes twists the thought

  • with a) and b)

11.9 When second speaker expresses his assent, first speaker amplifies the previous statement

  1. Epexegetic, with epexegesis:

  2. 1 A substantive or pronoun in apposition

  3. 2 A participial clause

  4. 3 A relative clause

  5. 4 A repeated word (rarely)

  6. 5 An adverb or an adverbial phrase

  7. 6 A consecutive or final clause

II. Limitative γε

  1. In general

  2. 1 Extension of application is not excluded

  3. 2 Extension of application is for the actual purpose excluded

  4. With relative pronoun and with conditional and causal conjunction

  5. ‘Ως…γε (often in Euripides and Aristophanes, as idiom)

  6. In participial clauses, main clause is valid if participial clause is valid

  7. A fortiori negative

  8. Duplication of γε

III. Quasi-connective

III. 1 Where γοῦν or γάρ is expected

III. 2 With ἔπειτά γε

IV. Position

IV. 1 If article or preposition precede emphasized word, γε comes after article or preposition and before the word; though alternative order is confirmed (article-substantive-γε, and preposition-substantive-γε)

IV. 2. 1 Solid phrases refuse intrusion

IV. 2. 2 After important words, especially in replies with strong emphasis

IV. 2. 3 Intrusion of γε avoided not to disturb balance

IV. 2. 4 Combinations ἀλλὰ μήν and καὶ μήν have tendency to postpone position of γε

IV. 2. 5 With καί… when καί is emphatic

IV. 2. 6 When γε is postponed, and there is a prepositional phrase with article, γε tends to stand after the substantive paired with article

IV. 2. 7 Juxtaposition of οὐ/μή with γε is avoided, and γε comes after the word which forms unity with negation

V. Combinations

V. I Lists particle combinations to which γε is drawn

V. II. 1. Juxtaposition of γε with preceding particle

V. II. 2 Juxtaposition of γε with following particle

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