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EWaczek committed Nov 14, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ While viral engineering may be crucial for developing effective therapeutics, th

## Choice of Virus for Oncolytic Virotherapy

The dual-use potential of oncolytic virus research depends on how directly viral engineering insights may be applied to pathogens. Thus, the choice of viral vectors significantly influences dual-use risk. In contrast to other therapeutic applications of viruses, for instance for gene therapy, there is a particularly high chance of oncolytic virus research involving viruses related to human pathogens. An effective oncolytic virus can replicate in humans, have cancer-killing activity, and induce immune responses that can kill bystander tumor cells. Thus, among the ten virus families explored in clinical trials of oncolytic virotherapy are high-risk viruses such as the influenza, measles, and variola viruses (see Table 1). Influenza and measles viruses are both human pathogens against which a significant share of the population is immunized. Insights into the enhancement of these viruses, especially relating to the property of evading vital immune responses, could pose significant public health risks.
The dual-use potential of oncolytic virus research depends on how directly viral engineering insights may be applied to pathogens. Thus, the choice of <Term t="viraler-vektor">viral vectors</Term> significantly influences dual-use risk. In contrast to other therapeutic applications of viruses, for instance for gene therapy, there is a particularly high chance of oncolytic virus research involving viruses related to human pathogens. An effective oncolytic virus can replicate in humans, have cancer-killing activity, and induce immune responses that can kill bystander tumor cells. Thus, among the ten virus families explored in clinical trials of oncolytic virotherapy are high-risk viruses such as the influenza, measles, and variola viruses (see Table 1). Influenza and measles viruses are both human pathogens against which a significant share of the population is immunized. Insights into the enhancement of these viruses, especially relating to the property of evading vital immune responses, could pose significant public health risks.

<Figure src="assets/iStock-1383260152_web.jpg" caption="Oncolytic viruses are a group of replicating viruses that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. Picture: iStock, luismmolina." alt="Illustration of a tumor cell from which further branches extend; four viruses are docked to the node in the middle." />

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