Fix msrvs (bevyengine#17012)

# Objective

The rust-versions are out of date.
Fixes bevyengine#17008

## Solution

Update the values

Cherry-picked from bevyengine#17006 in case it is controversial

## Testing

Validated locally and in bevyengine#17006

---------

Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>

crates/bevy_color/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ homepage = "https://bevyengine.org"
 repository = "https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 keywords = ["bevy", "color"]
-rust-version = "1.82.0"
+rust-version = "1.83.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 bevy_math = { path = "../bevy_math", version = "0.15.0-dev", default-features = false, features = [

crates/bevy_ecs/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 keywords = ["ecs", "game", "bevy"]
 categories = ["game-engines", "data-structures"]
-rust-version = "1.82.0"
+rust-version = "1.83.0"
 
 [features]
 default = ["std", "bevy_reflect", "async_executor"]

crates/bevy_input_focus/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ homepage = "https://bevyengine.org"
 repository = "https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 keywords = ["bevy"]
-rust-version = "1.76.0"
+rust-version = "1.83.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 bevy_app = { path = "../bevy_app", version = "0.15.0-dev", default-features = false }

crates/bevy_math/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ homepage = "https://bevyengine.org"
 repository = "https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 keywords = ["bevy"]
-rust-version = "1.81.0"
+rust-version = "1.83.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 glam = { version = "0.29", default-features = false, features = ["bytemuck"] }