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Raspberry Pi Weather Station

Introduction to IoT and Cloud Architectures

Authors: Barbu Robert-Alex, Bărbosu Raul
Study Year: CTI-En year 3
Website: https://weather-station123.azurewebsites.net/

Overview

Problem Statement

Monitoring endangered animal habitats is labor-intensive and costly.

Solution

Combining Raspberry Pi with a web app for real-time, cost-effective monitoring.

Key Components

  • DHT Sensor: Measures temperature and humidity.
  • Photoresistor: Detects light levels.
  • Rain Sensor: Tracks rainfall.

Web App Features

  • Animal Data Management: Add, view, and update animal data.
  • Real-Time Monitoring: View live sensor readings.
  • Alerts: Notifications for out-of-range conditions.

Development Board

Raspberry Pi 3

Raspberry

  • Characteristics:

    • Small, powerful computer.
    • Runs Linux OS.
    • Connects to peripherals.
    • Popular in education and embedded projects.

  • ARM Cortex-A53 Processor:

    • Energy-efficient and powerful.
    • Quad-core configuration.
    • Supports 64-bit computing.

  • Features:

    • Low power consumption.
    • Open-source hardware and software.
    • GPIO pins for sensors and actuators.
    • Large online community.

System Architecture

Sensors

DHT11

DHT11

  • Purpose: Measures temperature and humidity.
  • Connection:
    • VCC to 3.3V or 5V.
    • GND to ground.
    • Data pin to digital input.
    • 10kΩ pull-up resistor between Data pin and VCC.

Photoresistor

Photoresistor

  • Purpose: Detects light intensity.
  • Connection:
    • One lead to 3.3V or 5V.
    • Other lead in series with a capacitor.
    • Capacitor lead to ground.

Web Application

Features

  1. Real-time Weather Monitoring:
    • Fetches and displays weather data from Firebase.
  2. Animal Data Management:
    • CRUD operations on animal data.
    • Image uploads to Firebase Storage.
  3. Weather Compatibility Check:
    • Checks and notifies if conditions fit animal requirements.

Technologies

  • Frontend:
    • React, CSS, Firebase.
  • Backend:
    • .NET Core, Entity Framework Core.

Functional Details

  • Fetching Weather Data: 
    useEffect(() => {
  const weatherRef = ref(db, 'Status');
  onValue(weatherRef, (snapshot) => {
    const data = snapshot.val();
    if (data) {
      const latestData = Object.values(data).pop();
      setLatestWeather(latestData);
    }
  });
  return () => {
    off(weatherRef);
  };
}, [db]);
  • Managing Animal Data: 
    const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
  e.preventDefault();
  if (imageFile) {
    const imageUrl = await uploadImage(imageFile, animalData.name);
    setAnimalData((prevData) => ({
      ...prevData,
      imageUrl,
    }));
  }
  onCreateAnimal(animalData);
  onClose();
};
  • Weather Compatibility Check: 
    useEffect(() => {
  animals.forEach(async (animal) => {
    if (!doesAnimalFitWeather(animal)) {
      try {
        await sendNotification({ animalId: animal.id, message: `${animal.name} does not fit the current weather!` });
      } catch (error) {
        console.error(`Failed to send notification for ${animal.name}`, error);
      }
    }
  });
}, [animals, latestWeather]);

Cloud Services

Firebase Realtime Database

  • Synchronizes data between sensors and web app.

Azure App Service

  • Hosts the web app, mobile backends, and APIs.

DigitalOcean Managed Database

  • PostgreSQL for storing animal data.

Firebase File Storage

  • Stores images and user-generated content.

Mobile Notifications

  • Pushover: Sends alerts to mobile devices and desktops.
var parameters = new Dictionary<string, string> {
  ["token"] = "a4k27kfkaj61s1vkdkxwftaqgtd4zv",
  ["user"] = "ujx42kkfrknyo5jjf3bzk8tjrz3qcs",
  ["message"] = notificationDto.message
};
using var client = new HttpClient();
var response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.pushover.net/1/messages.json", new FormUrlEncodedContent(parameters));
return Ok();