Raspberry Pi Weather Station

Introduction to IoT and Cloud Architectures

Authors: Barbu Robert-Alex, Bărbosu Raul
Study Year: CTI-En year 3
Website: https://weather-station123.azurewebsites.net/

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Overview

Problem Statement

Monitoring endangered animal habitats is labor-intensive and costly.

Solution

Combining Raspberry Pi with a web app for real-time, cost-effective monitoring.

Key Components

• DHT Sensor: Measures temperature and humidity.
• Photoresistor: Detects light levels.
• Rain Sensor: Tracks rainfall.

Web App Features

• Animal Data Management: Add, view, and update animal data.
• Real-Time Monitoring: View live sensor readings.
• Alerts: Notifications for out-of-range conditions.

Development Board

Raspberry Pi 3

• Characteristics:

  • Small, powerful computer.
  • Runs Linux OS.
  • Connects to peripherals.
  • Popular in education and embedded projects.

• ARM Cortex-A53 Processor:

  • Energy-efficient and powerful.
  • Quad-core configuration.
  • Supports 64-bit computing.

• Features:

  • Low power consumption.
  • Open-source hardware and software.
  • GPIO pins for sensors and actuators.
  • Large online community.

System Architecture

Sensors

DHT11

• Purpose: Measures temperature and humidity.
• Connection:
  • VCC to 3.3V or 5V.
  • GND to ground.
  • Data pin to digital input.
  • 10kΩ pull-up resistor between Data pin and VCC.

Photoresistor

• Purpose: Detects light intensity.
• Connection:
  • One lead to 3.3V or 5V.
  • Other lead in series with a capacitor.
  • Capacitor lead to ground.

Web Application

Features

1. Real-time Weather Monitoring:
   • Fetches and displays weather data from Firebase.
2. Animal Data Management:
   • CRUD operations on animal data.
   • Image uploads to Firebase Storage.
3. Weather Compatibility Check:
   • Checks and notifies if conditions fit animal requirements.

Technologies

• Frontend:
  • React, CSS, Firebase.
• Backend:
  • .NET Core, Entity Framework Core.

Functional Details

• Fetching Weather Data:

  useEffect(() => {
    const weatherRef = ref(db, 'Status');
    onValue(weatherRef, (snapshot) => {
      const data = snapshot.val();
      if (data) {
        const latestData = Object.values(data).pop();
        setLatestWeather(latestData);
      }
    });
    return () => {
      off(weatherRef);
    };
  }, [db]);

• Managing Animal Data:

  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (imageFile) {
      const imageUrl = await uploadImage(imageFile, animalData.name);
      setAnimalData((prevData) => ({
        ...prevData,
        imageUrl,
      }));
    }
    onCreateAnimal(animalData);
    onClose();
  };

• Weather Compatibility Check:

  useEffect(() => {
    animals.forEach(async (animal) => {
      if (!doesAnimalFitWeather(animal)) {
        try {
          await sendNotification({ animalId: animal.id, message: `${animal.name} does not fit the current weather!` });
        } catch (error) {
          console.error(`Failed to send notification for ${animal.name}`, error);
        }
      }
    });
  }, [animals, latestWeather]);

Cloud Services

Firebase Realtime Database

• Synchronizes data between sensors and web app.

Azure App Service

• Hosts the web app, mobile backends, and APIs.

DigitalOcean Managed Database

• PostgreSQL for storing animal data.

Firebase File Storage

• Stores images and user-generated content.

Mobile Notifications

• Pushover: Sends alerts to mobile devices and desktops.

var parameters = new Dictionary<string, string> {
  ["token"] = "a4k27kfkaj61s1vkdkxwftaqgtd4zv",
  ["user"] = "ujx42kkfrknyo5jjf3bzk8tjrz3qcs",
  ["message"] = notificationDto.message
};
using var client = new HttpClient();
var response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.pushover.net/1/messages.json", new FormUrlEncodedContent(parameters));
return Ok();

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