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21 changes: 21 additions & 0 deletions LICENSE
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MIT License

Copyright (c) 2024 Stavroula Eleftherakis

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
52 changes: 52 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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# Optimizing Neighborhoods for Fair Top-N Recommendation

## Abstract
This paper addresses demographic bias in *neighborhood-learning* models for collaborative filtering recommendations. Despite their superior ranking performance, these methods can learn neighborhoods that inadvertently foster discriminatory patterns. There is limited research in this area, highlighting an important research gap. A notable yet solitary effort, *Balanced Neighborhood Sparse Linear Method (BNSLIM)*, aims at balancing neighborhood influence across different demographic groups. However, BNSLIM is hampered by computational inefficiency, and its rigid balancing approach often impacts accuracy. In that vein, we introduce two novel algorithms.

The first, an enhancement of BNSLIM, incorporates the *Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)* to optimize all similarities concurrently, greatly reducing training time.

The second, *Fairly Sparse Linear Regression (FSLR)*, induces controlled sparsity in neighborhoods to reveal correlations among different demographic groups, achieving comparable efficiency while being more accurate.

Their performance is evaluated using standard exposure metrics alongside a new metric for user coverage disparities.

Our experiments cover various applications, including a novel exploration of bias in course recommendations by teachers' country development status.

Our results show the effectiveness of our algorithms in imposing fairness compared to BNSLIM and other well-known fairness approaches.

## Repository Content
This repository contains all the code used for our experiments. The `src` folder includes helper functions, covering data processing functions and metrics, and all the models used in our experiments. Additionally, the `notebooks` folder contains a notebook for each experiment, along with a notebook that summarizes the outcomes of all experiments.

Recommendation models:
- **EASE** (Steck, Harald, WWW 2019)
- **SLIM ADMM** (Steck, Harald, et al., WSDM 2020)
- **BNSLIM** (Burke, Robin, Sonboli, Nasim, Ordonez-Gauger, Aldo, FAccT 2018)
- **MF with Non-Parity Regularizer** (Yao, Sirui, Huang, Bert, NeurIPS 2017)
- **FDA BPR** (Chen, Lei, et al., WWW 2023)
- **FSLR** (Eleftherakis, Stavroula, Koutrika, Georgia, Amer-Yahia, Sihem, UMAP 2024)
- **BNSLIM ADMM** (Eleftherakis, Stavroula, Koutrika, Georgia, Amer-Yahia, Sihem, UMAP 2024)

Accuracy metrics:
- **Recall** (Liang, Dawen, et al., WWW 2018)
- **NDCG** (Liang, Dawen, et al., WWW 2018)

Coverage metrics:
- **Coverage** (Herlocker, Jonathan L., et al., ACM TOIS 2004)
- **APCR** (Liu, Weiwen, Burke, Robin, FATREC Workshop on Responsible Recommendation 2018)
- **u-Parity** (Eleftherakis, Stavroula, Koutrika, Georgia, Amer-Yahia, Sihem, UMAP 2024)

Exposure metrics:
- **c-Equity** (Burke, Robin, Sonboli, Nasim, Ordonez-Gauger, Aldo, FAccT 2018)
- **p-Equity** (Burke, Robin, Sonboli, Nasim, Ordonez-Gauger, Aldo, FAccT 2018)
- **REO** (Zhu, Ziwei, Wang, Jianling, Caverlee, James, SIGIR 2020)
- **RSP** (Zhu, Ziwei, Wang, Jianling, Caverlee, James, SIGIR 2020)
- **DP** (Chen, Lei, et al., WWW 2023)
- **BDV** (Eleftherakis, Stavroula, Koutrika, Georgia, Amer-Yahia, Sihem, UMAP 2024)

## Acknowledgements
If you utilize any part of this code for your research, please consider giving a star to this repository and citing our work:

Stavroula Eleftherakis, Georgia Koutrika, and Sihem Amer-Yahia. 2024. *Optimizing Neighborhoods for Fair Top-N Recommendation*. In UMAP ’24: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, July 1–4, 2024, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.

## Contact Information
For any questions or feedback, please contact me at seleftheraki [at] athenarc [dot] gr.

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