Alternative Internet

A collection of interesting networks and technology aiming at re-decentralizing the Internet. If you would like to help in categorising these projects, please submit a PR to this README.md file.

• Cloud
• Collaborative web editors
• General
• Hosting and media
• Messaging
• Networking
• Social Networks
• Uncategorised
• Apparently Dead - links don't resolve
• Possibly Dead - very little repo activity
• Totally Dead - abandoned, likely insecure, do not use

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Cloud

• Airlock A decentralized dropbox / mega upload style app. Uses a combination of Ethereum and IPFS to index and list content
• BitDust - is decentralized, secure and anonymous on-line storage, where only the owner has access and absolute control over its data. BitDust project is aimed to protect users freedom and provide an alternative way to operate and communicate in the network.
• Cloudron is a platform to run apps on your server. It includes 1-Click app install, automatic backups, updates, Single Sign-On, DNS setup, SSL provisioning and a secure firewall.
• Cozy is a personal cloud you can host, hack and delete. With Cozy, you manage your web apps like you were on your smartphone. It provides an open market place from where you can install the web app you made yourself (Cozy is a personal PaaS).
• ClearSkies is a peer-to-peer file sync program. It is inspired by BitTorrent Sync, but has an open and fully-documented protocol.
• Perkeep (was Camlistore) is your personal storage system for life. It is an acronym for "Content-Addressable Multi-Layer Indexed Storage" and could be described as "Like git for all content in your life"
• Swarm is a distributed storage platform and content distribution service, a native base layer service of the ethereum web3 stack. It uses the ethereum economy to incentivize P2P storage.

Collaborative Web Editors

• Cryptpad is an open-source online collaborative editor providing collaborative editing in real-time. It features rich text, pictures, code, and kanban editors. Cryptpad applies the zero knowledge paradigm, whereby only clients see the plain text while servers see only crypted content which they are not able to decrypt.

• etherpad is an open-source online text editor providing collaborative editing in real-time.

• Kune is based on Apache Wave and is a free/open source distributed social network focused on collaboration rather than just on communication. That is, it focuses on online real-time collaborative editing, decentralized social networking and web publishing, while focusing on workgroups rather than just on individuals.

• Tidepools is being developed within the Red Hook Mesh Network, for addressing local, social incentives for mesh use. An Open Source, Collaborative, Mobile Mapping & Social Hub, Reflecting Community Needs & Culture through Custom Apps, Time-based Maps, & Data Feeds.

• SwellRT is a Real-time text editor and collaboration API for HTML/JavaScript and Android. It is the only open source decentralized-federated framework to build collaborative applications.

• WikiSuite is the most comprehensive and integrated Free / Libre / Open Source software suite ever developed. WikiSuite is especially suited to knowledge-centric organizations and offers most (80%+) of the data and information management features all organizations need, such as OS and Network, Web and Intranet, Email and Calendar, Files and Sync, BPM and Analytics, Chat and Video Conference, and Commerce. Key components include ClearOS, Openfire Meetings, Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware (aka TikiWiki), Kolab, Syncthing, FusionPBX and FreeSWITCH, Piwik, Elasticsearch and Kibana, Kaltura, Xibo and Kimchi (KVM).

General

• Books are a stable, production tested communication protocol suitable for a wide range of information services.
• DeadC Create a one-click expiring link
• Fermat.org is an framework for developing Internet of People apps.

Hosting and media

• AnoNet is a decentralized friend-to-friend network built using VPNs and software BGP routers. anoNet works by making it difficult to learn the identities of others on the network allowing them to anonymously host IPv4 and IPv6 services)

• D.Tube is the first crypto-decentralized video platform, built on top of the STEEM Blockchain and the IPFS peer-to-peer network."

Messaging

• aenigma: the | state-of-the-art | secure-by-default | one-touch-deployed | XMPP server for everyone. It does for XMPP what Mail-in-a-Box has done for email, Streisand for VPNs, and Easyengine for wordpress. The installation takes you on a 15 minute, clearly worded, step-by-step setup and takes care of everything automagically.
• BitMessage is a P2P communications protocol used to send encrypted messages to another person or to many subscribers. It is decentralized and trustless, meaning that you need-not inherently trust any entities like root certificate authorities. See whitepaper.
• BitPhone is a mobile communications device with the features of a modern smartphone built on top of decentralized BitCoin-style proof-of-work networking.
• The BriarProject is building secure communication tools to enable journalists, activists and civil society groups to communicate safely without fear of government interference. Our open source mobile and desktop apps will provide a secure, easy-to-use alternative to email, blogs and message boards, where users can exchange private messages with their contacts, create their own blogs and message boards, and subscribe to blogs and boards their contacts have shared
• Cables communication implements secure and anonymous communication using email-like addresses, pioneered in Liberté Linux. Cables communication is Liberté's pivotal component for enabling anyone to communicate safely and covertly in hostile environments.
• Mailpile is free software, a web-mail program that you run on your own computer, so your data stays under your control. Because it is free software (a.k.a. open source), you can look under the hood and see how it works, or even modify it to make it better suit your particular needs. Mailpile is designed for speed and vast amounts of e-mail, it is flexible and themeable and has support for strong encryption built in from the very start.
• Matrix is an open standard for decentralised communication, providing simple HTTP APIs and open source reference implementations for securely distributing and persisting JSON over an open federation of servers. You can use Matrix for any project where you need a common data fabric to link together fragmented silos of communication.
• cabal is a distributed chat platform built ontop of dat's foundational technologies. It's like IRC except you have backscroll when you join, and there are no servers. There is currently a nodejs library, a terminal client, a desktop client, and an experimental mobile client.
• Delta Chat is a free software chat application and ecosystem based on IMAP and SMTP, which leverages end-to-end encryption via autocrypt. It piggybacks on top of the huge, already existing email infrastructure. All you need to get started is an email address. There's a client for Android and clients for iOS and desktop in the works. Follow the development on the GitHub page.

Networking

• LibreMesh includes the development of several tools used for deploying libre/free mesh networks. The firmware (the main piece) allows simple deployment of auto-configurable, yet versatile, multi-radio mesh networks.

• OpenDHT is a lightweight C++11 Distributed Hash Table implementation offering a clean and powerful distributed map API. It is used by Ring, is able to listen to value changes and adds a cryptography layer.

• ZeroNet enabled decentralized websites using Bitcoin crypto and the BitTorrent network

• DAT decentralized file system with live replication

• Skywire is the Skycoin Project's communication primitive (analogous to MPLS, open-flow, TOX, mesh networking, darknet, i2p) that facilitates mesh networking both on traditional internet service provider infrastructure, and on individually owned wifi and radio equipment, allowing for a phased, incentivized approach to decentralization. Skywire Overview | skycoin.net

• Yggdrasil is an early-stage implementation of a fully end-to-end encrypted IPv6 network. It is lightweight, self-arranging, supported on multiple platforms and allows pretty much any IPv6-capable application to communicate securely with other Yggdrasil nodes. Yggdrasil does not require you to have IPv6 Internet connectivity - it also works over IPv4.

Social Networks

• Aether Reddit-like communities run on a p2p network that hides your IP.

• AKASHA AKASHA is a next-generation social media network immune to censorship by design. It is built on top of Ethereum using Smart Contracts and IPFS.

• Mastodon is “the world’s largest free, open-source, decentralized microblogging network.”

• Scuttlebutt gossip based p2p community social media, chess, book reviews, gatherings, ... (code here)

• Manyverse an implementation of scuttlebutt for mobile devices (android) - carry your social network with you, no internet required

Uncategorised

• Aktie A decentralized and anonymous forum and file sharing app for I2P.

• The Decentralized Library of Alexandria is an open-source standard in active development to allow users to publish and distribute original content themselves, from music to videos to feature films, 3d printable inventions, recipes, books and just about anything else.

• Askemos creates an "autonomous virtual execution environment for applications" - designed to be tamper-proof and fault tolerant. Users share not only static files but dynamic objects too. Code is taken as equivalent to contracts ("smart contracts") and hosts check each others compliance.

• BaseParadigm is an open source (GPLv3) library for managing a content addressable binary semantic graph. Content addressability means enabling a number of dataexchange protocols (including p2p) for a developer using BaseParadigm.

• BipIO is an open source personal content and workflow automation platform. 'Bips' are dynamic named graphs which are cheap to create, can auto-expire, and serve or transform public/private content across multiple protocols.

• Beaker Browser an experimental browser for exploring the p2p web.

• BitTorrent Sync by BitTorrent Labs. Easy and effortless file replication between computers (and mobile devices) without using the cloud, so the only limit is available storage. All data transfers are encrypted. Works on Windows, Linux, OSX, Android and iOS. Recently they've opened up their API to developers.

• Bitcloud is an open source distributed cloud storage system and escrow agent based on Tahoe-LAFS that allows publishers to pay storage nodes for storing encrypted data and sharing that data with others. The decentralized nature of Bitcloud allows anyone to publish large amounts of data in a way that is free from censorship, high costs, and proprietary software. The first application for bitcloud will be WeTube, a platform for viewing and publishing videos, podcasts, ebooks, music, and other forms of media.

• Bitcoin by Mobile allows Bitcoin newcomers to quickly and easily purchase small sums of Bitcoin using their mobile phone to fund the purchase.

• BitCoin is a digital currency, a protocol, and a software that enables it. Decentralized crypto-currency

• bitlove-ui Bitlove creates Torrents for all enclosures of an RSS/ATOM feed and seeds them for podcasts.

• Bitmarkets a working decentralized marketplace based on bitcoinj and bitmessage.

• Bitsquare Bitsquare is a decentralized bitcoin exchange. It supports national currencies (fiat) with a variety of payment methods as well as alternative cryptocurrencie

• Coinpunk is a web application that allows anyone to run their own self-hosted Bitcoin wallet service that is accessible from your web browser anywhere in the world. It's free, open source, and you can install it on your server right now.

• Commotion Wireless is an open-source communication tool that uses mobile phones, computers, and other wireless devices to create decentralized mesh networks.

• Corda.net is an open source blockchain platform to record, manage and synchronise agreements and transfer value. It was designed for business from the start. It is promoted and supported by the Cordite Foundation

• CryptAByte CryptAByte.com is a free online drop box that enables secure (encrypted) message and file sharing over the web using a public-key infrastructure. Messages and files are encrypted using a public key and can only be decrypted using the passphrase entered when your key is created. Your data is never stored in plaintext, and is impossible to decrypt without your passphrase.

• The Cryptosphere is a global peer-to-peer cryptosystem for publishing and securely distributing both data and HTML5/JS applications pseudonymously with no central point of failure. It's built on top of the next-generation Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library and the Git data model. Code

• DAOStack is a community merit-based governance system and a new form of human association: the DAO. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations are open, self-organized networks coordinated by crypto-economic incentives and self-executing code. We believe that DAOs will impact every territory of life and will jumpstart the evolution of society toward a more cooperative and sustainable future.

• DAppStore is a fully decentralized App store focussing entirely on decentralized software. Primarily to index DApps like Bitcoin, BitTorrent etc, but also indexes projects relating to DApps, wether that be a documentary, software library or coffee shop that supports a particular DApp.

• DNSChain aims to fix web security by Man-in-the-Middle proofing connections. It's a secure, decentralized PKI (public key infrastructure) that makes blockchain tech (like Namecoin, Blockstore, etc.) usable for arbitrary devices.

• Dendrio is a video distribution network that leverages the peer to peer WebRTC protocol to transfer website content between browsers. This allows us to make data downloads faster for users but without any installation requirements. For website owners, we are trivial to set up, and are transparent to existing CDN setups. Our technology is geared towards streaming video and we support a multitude of different video formats and players.

• Diaspora* is a free social network consisting of personal web server that implements a distributed social networking service. Diaspora* is a fun and creative community that puts you in control.

• The Drogulus (WIP) is a programmable peer-to-peer data store. It's an open, federated and decentralised system where the identity of users and provenance of data is ensured by cryptographically signing digital assets.Redecentralise Video interview

• The Enigmabox is a ready to use cjdns appliance. cjdns is a public-key crypto network protocol, the fingerprint is your IPv6 address. This means, your IP is your identity. So we can use it for various useful things, e.g. as an email address or a phone number. We will start preparing existing internet services like email or VoIP to use cjdns in this decentral manner. Our goal is to encrypt the entire internet, make crypto accessible and make secure and decentralized internet services available for the rest of us.

• Ethereum is an enhanced cryptocurrency with support for Next-Generation Generalized Smart Contract and Smart Property.

• Firecloud is a P2P web publishing platform in your using Persona and WebRTC to work its magic.

• Firestr is a simple decentralized communication and computation platform. Apps are written in Lua and are pushed to peers where they automatically run and connect. All communication is P2P and encrypted.

• FreedomBone Designed primarily for the Beaglebone Black, but also capable of running on any system with Debian Jessie installed, the FreedomBone allows you to self-host a variety of useful web services with a reasonable degree of security and privacy.

• Freedom Box is about privacy, control, ease of use and dehierarchicalization. Inspired by Eben Moglen's vision of a small, cheap and simple computer that serves freedom in the home. We are building a Debian based platform for distributed applications.

• Freenet is free software which lets you anonymously share files, browse and publish "freesites" (web sites accessible only through Freenet) and chat on forums, without fear of censorship. Freenet is decentralised to make it less vulnerable to attack, and if used in "darknet" mode, where users only connect to their friends, is very difficult to detect.

• Freifunk is a non-commercial initiative for free decentralised wireless mesh networks. Technically Freifunk firmwares are based on OpenWRT and OLSR or B.A.T.M.A.N.

• Friendica is a decentralised network which focuses on federation of social networking sites and projects into a common stream.

• Funkfeuer is, just like Freifunk, a non commercial initiative for free wireless mesh networks. Funkfeuer is based in Austria and uses OpenWRT as the firmware for the Routers.

• G0Bin is a client side encrypted pastebin written in Go. The server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Data is encrypted/decrypted in the browser using 256 bits AES.

• GNU social is a free software microblogging and privacy-aware social platform that supports OStatus federation, based on StatusNet and Mikael Nordfeldth's Free Social.

• GNU/consensus is a GNU project to coordinate development efforts of free software for social networking. It recommends using the AGPLv3+ license and aims to inform free software developers about interesting projects and perspectives for a decentralized, freedom-respecting, and privacy-respecting online social networking environment. The GNU/consensus promotes convergence towards the use of the extensible GNUnet Social API.

• GNUnet is GNU's framework for secure peer-to-peer networking that does not use any centralized or otherwise trusted services.

• GUN is an open source, real-time, fully decentralized, offline-first, graph database that is also simple to setup and use for web development.

• GitTorrent is a peer-to-peer network of Git repositories being shared over BitTorrent.

• Grand Decentral Station is a concept for a server OS that enables designers and developers to build beautiful and secure self-hosted applications for everyone.

• Grimwire is a browser OS which uses Web Workers for process isolation, and WebRTC for peer-to-peer communication.

• Guifi is a european (especially from Catalonia, Spain) large network with over 22000 active nodes. Uses wifi in both infrastructure and mesh mode. Over 25km of fiber as well so far.

• The Hubzilla is a decentralised identity and communications platform which provides internet-wide single-sign-on with nomadic identity, internet-wide access control, communications, content management and personal cloud storage.

• Hyperboria is a global decentralized network of "nodes" running cjdns software. The goal of Hyperboria is to provide an alternative to the internet with the principles of security, scalability and decentralization at the core. Anyone can participate in the network by locating a peer that is already connected.

• I2P is an anonymizing network, offering a simple layer that identity-sensitive applications can use to securely communicate. All data is wrapped with several layers of encryption, and the network is both distributed and dynamic, with no trusted parties.

• INDX is a decentralised Web-based Personal Data Store and app platform from the SOCIAM EPSRC project in the UK, focused about giving individuals autonomy to effectively consolidate their cloud data into personal databases they control. The platform is build out of a core of robust open source tools, including Postgres, Twisted, NodeJS, and AngularJS. The platform is released under GPLv3 on Github.

• IPFS is a new hypermedia distribution protocol, addressed by content and identities. IPFS enables the creation of completely distributed applications. It aims to make the web faster, safer, and more open. IPFS is an open source project developed by the team at Interplanetary Networks and many contributors from the open source community.

• IPOP (IP-over-P2P) is an open-source user-centric software virtual network allowing end users to define and create their own virtual private networks.

• KA Lite is an open-source, lightweight, pure-Python web server and web app for serving Khan Academy content (videos and exercises) -- including progress tracking, coach reports, and gamification -- without needing persistent internet connectivity.

• KadNode delegates DNS requests (*.p2p) from any application and tries to resolve it using the BitTorrent Mainline DHT. Own addresses can be announced and combined with public/secret keys. KadNode can be used as a decentralized DynDNS system, but also covers many other use cases.

• Kademlia is a distributed hash table for decentralized peer-to-peer computer networks

• Keybits makes it easy to run your own personal server. Setup and maintenance is made simple by using Docker and Ansible. (Similar to Sovereign but using Docker to 'containerize' applications.)

• Known is a simple way to share your story with a variety of media, from any device. Aligned with the indie web movement, Known sites can be installed on your own server, and each one will operate as a node in a global social network, together with other indie web platforms. Known is fully extensible and supports microblogging, photos, articles, events, location check-ins and bookmarks out of the box. It is a responsive web platform that works on anything with a web browser.

• Lemon.email is encrypted and decentralized e-mail service. It can be totally decentralized (works as a dApp) or it can work as a mail service that uses IPFS/Ethereum as a storage for previously encrypted emails. The way encryption works is that the passphrase that is used to unlock emails is not saved anywhere and therefore nobody cannot read user’s emails. Also, third party email services cannot read or decrypt lemon emails, because only notification about incoming email is sent to those services and user must go to external link to read private email.

• Libertree is free, libre, open-source software which is intended to provide a way for people to create their own social network. Libertree social networks can be free from commercial influence and manifestation, such as behaviour tracking, user profiling, advertising, data mining and analysis, and covert information filtering.

• LibraryBox is an open source, portable digital file distribution tool based on inexpensive hardware that enables delivery of educational, healthcare, and other vital information to individuals off the grid.

• LibreVPN is a virtual mesh network using tinc plus configuration scripts that even let you build your own mesh VPN. It's also IPv6 enabled.

• Lighthouse is a peer to peer crowdfunding app that uses Bitcoin.

• LiteCoin is a peer-to-peer Internet currency that enables instant payments to anyone in the world (was based on Bitcoin)

• MORPHiS is a global encrypted distributed datastore intended to replace the cloud for storage and far more. Free open source peer-to-peer high-performance distributed datastore.

• The MaidSafe network is a fully distributed platform on which application developers can build distributed applications. The network is made up by individual users who contribute storage, computing power and bandwidth to what is a global, public cloud.

• MediaCrush is free software (as in freedom and as in beer) for hosting media on the web. It's designed from the ground up to protect users' privacy and it losslessly compresses media whenever possible. It supports more than 500 formats of images, video and audio. If ffmpeg accepts it, MediaCrush can process it. It also converts GIFs to HTML5 video.

• GNU MediaGoblin (also shortened to MediaGoblin or GMG) is a free, decentralized Web platform (server software) for hosting and sharing digital media, aimed at providing an extensible, adaptive, and freedom-respectful software alternative to major media publishing services such as Flickr, deviantArt, YouTube, etc.-- Wikipedia

• MettaNode is a tool for fully decentralized communications - grab data you like and store it forever, share data with your friends, start chats, voice or video calls, form groups by interest, transparently keep all your notes between all of your devices; all based on a simple ideas of UIA. It is still in its infancy and only base transport protocol is done, work is now going on on overlay routing network. Final target is to have a bunch of clients for desktop and mobile platforms (Win, Mac, Linux, Android, iOS) as well as own operating system implementation (Metta) running together.

• Mixmaster is a remailer network. It represents the second generation of remailers. Mixmaster can be used via a web sites like Anonymouse or as a stand-alone client.

• Mixminion is a new remailer approach. The so-called type III remailer allows it to receive and send anonymous messages. However the development has stalled and the current software needs improvement.

• Movim is a decentralized open source social network based on XMPP.

• NYC Mesh aims to create a free, resilient, stand-alone communication system that serves both for daily use and also for emergencies—be it power outages or internet disruption—running software that helps our community with hyperlocal maps and events.

• NameCoin is a decentralized naming system based on Bitcoin technology.

• Netsukuku is an ad-hoc network system designed to handle massive numbers of nodes with minimal consumption of CPU and memory resources. It can be used to build a world-wide distributed, fault-tolerant, anonymous, and censorship-immune network, fully independent from the Internet.

• Nightweb connects your Android device or PC to an anonymous, peer-to-peer social network. You can write posts and share photos, and your followers will retrieve them using BitTorrent running over the I2P anonymous network. It is still experimental.

• Nymote is a set of tools and software infrastructure, created from the ground up, to provide end-users with life-long control of their networks and personal data. It starts with fundamental infrastructure to solve the problems around operating systems for the future, identity for users and devices and data-persistence across those devices. Think of it as the toolstack to recapture the original vision of a resilient, decentralised Internet.

• OTRTalk Is a command line based chat application, uses BitTorrent P2P DHT Network for peer discovery and OTR (Off the Record) for secure messaging.

• 1TY is "One Time Self Destructing Links For Sharing Sensitive Information"

• OpenBazaar is a decentralized marketplace proof of concept. It is based off of the POC code by the darkmarket team and is now licensed under the MIT license.

• OpenLibernet is a project to create a robust decentralized global mesh communication network that regards security and privacy as a priority and makes internet regulation and censorship impossible. OpenLibernet is built around a robust payment system based on Bitcoin that rewards its users for actively joining, expanding and maintaining the network, and creates a traffic economy with perpetually decreasing prices.

• OpenNIC Project is an alternative DNS provider that is open and democratic.

• Ori is a distributed file system built for offline operation and empowers the user with control over synchronization operations and conflict resolution. It provides history through light weight snapshots and allows users to verify the history has not been tampered with. Through the use of replication instances it is resilient and can recover damaged data from other nodes.

• Osiris is software for decentralized portal, managed and shared via P2P between members.

• Ostel is part of the Open Secure Telephony Network (OSTN) by the Guardian-Project. The goal is promoting free, open protocols, standards and software and to power end-to-end encrypted voice communications on mobile devices and desktop computers. They use standards such as SRTP, ZRTP, and SIP(over TLS). Clients are available for nearly every platform.

• P is a small JavaScript library for creating peer-to-peer applications in browsers.It allows for transitive connections across peers which makes certain network topologies, such mesh networks,easy to establish.

• PageKite is a dynamic reverse proxy designed to allow hosting of live (web-)servers on devices that are mobile, stuck behind strict firewalls or otherwise lack public IPs.

• PeerCDN automatically serves a site's static resources (images, videos, and file downloads) over a peer-to-peer network made up of the visitors currently on the site.

• PeerCoin/PPCoin is the first known cryptocurrency based on an implementation of a combined proof-of-stake/proof-of-work system

• PeerServer is a peer-to-peer client server using WebRTC, where your browser acts as a server for other browsers across WebRTC peer-to-peer data channels.

• Peerm Anonymous P2P inside browsers, no installation, encrypted and secure. The browsers are talking the Tor protocol extended to P2P and are connecting to the nodes using WebSockets, multi-sources and streaming are supported. The final goal is to build a complete serverless P2P where anonymizer nodes are inside the browsers too relaying the traffic, using WebRTC.

• People's Open Network is a community mesh network in Oakland, California.

• Phantom is (was?) a system for generic, decentralized, unstoppable internet anonymity

• PirateBox is a self-contained mobile communication and file sharing device. Simply turn it on to transform any space into a free and open communications and file sharing network.

• Piwik is the leading open web analytics platform currently used by individuals, companies and governments all over the world. With Piwik, your data will always be yours. Piwik is an alternative to Google Universal Analytics.

• PrivMX WebMail is an alternative private mail system with independent, decentralized PKI and support for end-to-end encrypted web forms.

• Project Meshnet aims to build a sustainable decentralized alternative internet. Used by Hyperboria and built on CJDNS.

• Psyced is a scalable multi-protocol multi-casting chat, messaging and social server solution to build decentralized chat networks upon, released as open source.

• Quick mesh project is an openwrt based mesh networking firmware. Can be installed on any openwrt supported system. Auto configures any needed connections, auto detects internet connections and aunounces them. Native IPv6 support with IPv4 tunnels for current networking support.

• Quietnet is a simple chat program using near ultrasonic frequencies. It works without Wi-Fi or Bluetooth and cannot be eavesdropped using conventional network capturing methods.

• The Refuge Project aims to provide a fully decentralized and opensource data platform. It is built in Erlang and includes RCouch, a static distribution of couchdb using rebar, and Coffer, a blob server.

• RenderJS is a JavaScript library which provides an easy way to define gadgets (aka mashups) in pure HTML5, without requiring any application server. It is suitable for the development of mobile applications, desktop applications.

• RetroShare is an open source, decentralised communication platform. It lets you chat and share with friends and family, with a web-of-trust to authenticate peers.

• STEED is a protocol for opportunistic email encryption, featuring automatic key generation and distribution.

• Samizdat is a self-replicating LiveCD which creates an IPSec VPN between each newly-created LiveCD node and the system that created it. It is thus "rhizomal" in the sense of Serval, but its objectives are more like those of arkOS: each node runs peer-to-peer services intended to replace the centralized services of github, skype, facebook, gmail, etc.. Samizdat provides strong cryptography for authentication of users over the network, and full disk encryption for installed systems, providing novice users fully-automated (zero-learning-curve) access to high-grade security. Samizdat's installer does not ask any questions of the user except where to install. The goal of Samizdat is to provide the benefits of public key cryptography to users who do not even understand what public key cryptography is.(Samizdat is also -- incidentally -- a generic framework for creating and managing LiveCD images for other purposes, such as managing multiple systems on a LAN, or system backup.)Send mail to samizdat@lists.riseup.net (public mailing list) or samizdat@childrenofmay.org (private email of project founder) for more information.

• Sandstorm.io is a personal cloud platform that makes it easy to run web apps on your own server. Apps are installed through an app-store-like web interface. Every app runs in a separate secure sandbox.

• Scramble is easy-to-use, open source encrypted email. Scramble server has no knowledge of the message contents, since encryption is always performed end-to-end on the clients. Public keys are verified using a fedetared trust model based on multiple independent notaries.

• Seafile is a cloud software similar to owncloud, with clients for Windows, Mac, Linux, Android and iOS. Server for Linux and Raspberry Pi.

• Serf is a decentralized solution for service discovery and orchestration that is lightweight, highly available, and fault tolerant.

• The Serval Project lets mobile phones make phone calls to each other peer-to-peer without a base station.

• ShareIt!, server-less P2P filesharing application in pure Javascript and HTML5 using WebRTC. Winner of the "Most Innovative Project" on the spanish Free Software Universitary Championship 2013.

• Shark is an open source framework for building semantic P2P applications in Java. It facilitates building decentralized application based on the notion of ontologies. The name is an acronym for 'Shared Knowledge'.

• Sia is a decentralized cloud storage platform intending to compete with existing storage solutions, at both the P2P and enterprise level. Instead of using a centralized provider, peers on Sia rent storage from each other. Sia itself stores only the storage contracts formed between parties, using a Bitcoin-style blockchain.

• SlapOS is a decentralized Cloud Computing technology. It can automate the deployment and configuration of applications in a heterogeneous environment, either in datacenters or self-hosted. SlapOS is a Free Software (GPL).

• Smallest Federated Wiki innovates in three ways. It shares through federation, composes by refactoring and wraps data with visualization.The project aims to demonstrate that wiki would have been better had it been effectively federated from the beginning, and explore federation policies necessary to sustain an open creative community.

• Sneer is a free and open source sovereign computing platform. It runs on your Windows, Mac or Linux machine (like Skype or Firefox) using the Java VM. It enables you to create your personal cluster by sharing hardware resources (CPU, disk space, network bandwidth) with your friends, host your own social network, information and media, create sovereign applications and share them with others, download and run sovereign applications created by others.You can do all these things directly with your peers, in an autonomous, sovereign way, without depending on online service providers such as email providers, Google, Facebook, etc.

• SocietyOfMind is a complete information model to make a p2p network and 3-d visualization layer that can scale to billions, re-make the Internet, and form a meta-mind for the planet. For the full scope of the project and philosophy see the wiki.

• Sovereign is a set of Ansible playbooks that you can use to build and maintain your own personal cloud. It’s based entirely on open source software, so you’re in control.

• Sparkleshare is a self-hosted file sync service, similar to Dropbox and based on Git.

• SporeStack is a platform for launching servers with Bitcoin, without an account or registration. Completely API driven, down to the payments. Focuses on ephemeral servers and design. Javascript launcher, Python library/client, and launch profiles are all released into the public domain.

• Starkit is a private cloud plug-n-play secure email server for private communication allowing you the benefits of secure email as soon as you turn it on. Bundled with Web-based interface for anywhere access. Apart from a Secure Mail Server You can use Starkit as your Secure Private Cloud storage to save important documents, photos and videos and access your stuff from anywhere. Requires zero maintenance.

• StatusNet became [GNU social](#GNU social).

• StreamRoot is JavaScript in-browser video player using WebRTC. It creates a real-time peer-to-peer sharing network of users watching the same videos simultaniously, and reduces the origin server's bandwidth usage.

• Streisand sets up a new server running L2TP/IPsec, OpenSSH, OpenVPN, Shadowsocks, Stunnel, and a Tor bridge. It also generates custom configuration instructions for all of these services. At the end of the run you are given an HTML file with instructions that can be shared with friends, family members, or fellow activists.

• SubToMe is a universal follow button. It decouples the publishing platform and the subscribing platform so that it's as easy to follow someone's RSS/Atom feed than it is to follow them on Twitter or Google+!

• Syme is an experimental project that aims at bringing more privacy and security to online communication through end-to-end encryption. Syme's zero-knowledge key infrastructure enables persistent multiparty communication and secure key exchanges on minimally trusted servers and relays.

• SyncNet is a decentralized web browser built on top of BitTorrent Sync and (soon) Colored Coins for name resolution. Every time you access a site, you store all of its contents on your machine. The next user to request the site can get the contents from both your machine and the original server. As more people access a page, it becomes available from more machines, reducing the load on the original server.

• Syncthing replaces Dropbox and BitTorrent Sync with something open, trustworthy and decentralized. Your data is your data alone and you deserve to choose where it is stored, if it is shared with some third party and how it's transmitted over the Internet.

• Syndie is an open source system for operating distributed forums offering a secure and consistent interface to various anonymous and non-anonymous content networks.

• Synereo is an open source, decentralized social network. It is an attention economy that rewards popular content and participation with crypto-currency. Content is promoted or advertised in a way that fairly rewards the content's creator and those who choose to engage with that content. An automatic and transparent reputation economy assures that you experience content relevant to you. The privacy of your communications and contacts is baked-in to the structure of the network. Synereo is modeled in π-calculus and functionally programmed in Scala.

• Tahoe-LAFS is a Free and Open cloud storage system. It distributes your data across multiple servers. Even if some of the servers fail or are taken over by an attacker, the entire filesystem continues to function correctly, preserving your privacy and security.

• Tavern is a distributed, anonymous, unblockable network designed to ensure that no one is silenced, censored, or cut off from the rest of the world

• Telehash a new encrypted P2P JSON-based protocol enabling developers to quickly build apps that are distributed and private (see the protocol spec)

• Tent is a protocol that puts users back in control. Users should control the data they create, choose who can access it, and change service providers without losing their social graph.Tent is a protocol, not a platform. Like email, anyone can build Tent apps or host Tent servers, all Tent servers can talk to each other, and there is no central authority to restrict users or developers.

• Thali is an open source personal data store that syncs across one or more of your devices, and (selectively, via one or more apps) to one or more more trusted peers. Data store: Couchbase Lite (open source, NoSQL, multi-master sync). Trust model: public key exchange, mutual SSL authentication. Network transport: HTTPS. P2P mechanisms: local/ad-hoc, or Tor (using hidden services).

• The FNF is the free network foundation: teaching how to build wireless community networks.

• Dyne's Tomb the crypto-undertaker is free software for easy encryption and backup of personal files, written in a single ZShell script that is easy to review and links commonly shared components (such as cryptsetup), unlike TrueCrypt. Tomb implements and encourages OPSEC best-practice, and comes with bind and execution hooks, steganography of keys and fast search over filenames and contents, and a graphical user interface.

• Tonika is a (digital) social network, which (by design) restricts direct communication to pairs of users who are friends, possesses many of the security properties (privacy, anonymity, deniability, resilience to denial-of-service attacks, etc.) that human sociaties implement organically in daily life.

• Tor protects you by bouncing your communications around a distributed network of relays run by volunteers all around the world: it prevents somebody watching your Internet connection from learning what sites you visit, and it prevents the sites you visit from learning your physical location.

• Tox The goal of this project is to create a configuration free p2p skype replacement.

• Tribler Aims to create a censorship-free Internet. Already deployed, used and incrementally improved for 8-years. Tribler uses an upcoming IETF Internet Standard for video streaming and is backward compatible with Bittorrent. Future aim is using smartphones to even bypass Internet kill switches. An early proof-of-principle Tribler-mobile is available on the Android Market. Key principle: 'the only way to take it down is to take The Internet down'. Overview paper.

• Trovebox is an open source photo sharing webapp (like Instagram), which you can self-host. iOS and Android apps also open source. Uses cloud or local storage for the actual photos. Originally known as OpenPhoto; see also theopenphotoproject.org.

• TrueCrypt Free open source disk encryption software for Windows 7/Vista/XP/Mac OSX/ & Linux. Creates a virtual encrypted disk within a file and mounts it as a real disk. Encrypts an entire partition or storage device such as USB flash drive or hard drive. Encrypts a partition or drive where Windows is installed (pre-boot authentication). Encryption is automatic, real-time (on-the-fly) and transparent. Parallelization and pipelining allow data to be read and written as fast as if the drive was not encrypted. Encryption can be hardware-accelerated on modern processors. Provides plausible deniability, in case an adversary forces you to reveal the password: Hidden volume (steganography) and hidden operating system. More information on documentation page

• Twister is a secure and fully-decentralized P2P microblogging platform based on concepts and code from Bitcoin and Libtorrent (as described in this whitepaper). Feel free to contribute to its core service or HTML UI!

• UBOS is a new Linux distro for personal servers and IoT devices. Installing and maintaining web applications tends to take a lot of time; UBOS aims to make this much simpler.

• UBOSbox Nextcloud is a ready-to-use home server appliance that does a lot of what Dropbox and Google Calendar do, but locally on hardware controlled by the user. It enables multi-user, multi-device file sharing, group calendaring, contact management, and includes a web mail client, an RSS/news reader, a note-taking app, text and video calls, and task management, provided by the FLOSS web application platform Nextcloud and a number of Nextcloud apps. It is designed to be used as a home server without attached keyboard or monitor.

• Unhosted - also known as "serverless", "client-side", or "static" web apps, unhosted web apps do not send your user data to their server. Either you connect your own server at runtime, or your data stays within the browser.

• Urbit - an operating function, from Mars.

• Village Telco is a an easy-to-use, scalable, standards-based, wireless, local, DIY, telephone company toolkit. Their mission is to making voice and data communication affordable and accessible to anyone.

• VirtKick is your self-hosted DigitalOcean. Take cloud back to your computer, home network or a dedicated server. Manage virtual machines, Docker containers and create 1-click apps.

• Vole is a web-based social network that you use in your browser, without a central server. It's built on the power of Bittorrent, Go and Ember.js. Uses bittorrent sync.

• Wave is a distributed, near-real-time, rich collaboration platform that allows users to work together in new and exciting ways. Wave allows for flexible modes of communication, blending chat, email and collaborative document editing in to one seamless environment.

• Webfist is a fallback for when providers don't support WebFinger natively. It lets you do WebFinger lookups for email addresses even if the owner of the domain name isn't playing along. WebFist works because of a judo move on an existing infrastructure: DKIM.

• Webmentions are an interesting method of notify another site that a comment /post on your own site is written in response to a post on their site. The site receiving the webmention notification can then verify the request and gather the message adding into a conversation flow in their post.This project is working on a unified API.

• YACY is a peer-to-peer search that anyone can use to build a search portal for their intranet or to help search the public internet. When contributing to the world-wide peer network, the scale of YaCy is limited only by the number of users in the world and can index billions of web pages. It is fully decentralized, all users of the search engine network are equal, the network does not store user search requests and it is not possible for anyone to censor the content of the shared index.

• Yaap it ! is another client-side encrypted burn-after-reading sharing service. It's written in JavaScript and you can install it on you own server: https://github.com/SeyZ/yaapit

• Yaler is a simple, open and scalable relay infrastructure for secure Web and SSH access to embedded systems located behind a firewall, NAT or mobile network router.

• Younity is a "personal cloud" that lets users share their files between their devices, without uploading them to one centralised server.

• YunoHost is a server operating system aiming to make self-hosting accessible to everyone.

• Zero Bin is an open source alternative for pastebin with burn-after-read function & client side encryption. Source code is also available on github https://github.com/sametmax/0bin

• ZeroTier One is an open source application that creates huge distributed Ethernet networks. It makes use of supernodes, but these run the same code as ordinary nodes and end-to-end encryption protects all unicast traffic. Semi-commercial with a freemium model.

• arkOS is an operating system and software stack to easily host your own websites, email addresses, cloud services and more. It uses a graphical interface (called Genesis) to do all of this, with a focus on end-user experience and simple design. Presently in active development, it is currently functional on the Raspberry Pi with new services and platforms in the works.

• Buddycloud is built for people who care about their privacy. We are building the future of social networks. A future founded on openness. A future built using open standards. We are making the future happen now, by building a massively scaled and fully distributed social network. Buddycloud is leading a quiet revolution to replace the closed retweet and like incumbents.

• cjdns - Encrypted networking for regular people. cjdns implements an encrypted IPv6 network using public key cryptography for address allocation and a distributed hash table for routing. This provides near zero-configuration networking without many of the security and robustness issues that regular IPv4 and IPv6 networks have.

• dn42 is a big dynamic VPN network, which employs Internet technologies (BGP, whois database, DNS, etc). Participants connect to each other using network tunnels (GRE, OpenVPN, Tinc, IPsec), and exchange routes thanks to the Border Gateway Protocol. Network addresses are assigned in the 172.22.0.0/15 range, and private AS numbers are used: see registry. See the About page for more information.

• eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of files

• The ePlug is a tiny circuit board that resides inside of 'ePlug Certified' electrical outlets. Decentralized Meshnet, distributed computing, 6 gig WiFi. ISP's, CDN's and racks of servers, switches and wire no longer needed.

• edgenet is a peer-to-peer opportunistic network built over mobile devices (and potentially home routers). It is a concept, with many layers already build (ZeroMQ, Zyre). It uses temporary 'cells' to connect devices and exchange information opportunistically. It's suited to decentralized chat and proximity networking.

• gitsync is a git repository synchronisation and discovery tool. Its goal is to allow developers to coordinate without a central master repository.

• jIO is a client-side JavaScript library to manage documents across multiple storages, in a modular way, such as LocalStorage, WebDAV, Amazon S3, you name it.

• ownCloud is personal cloud software with a focus on ease of use and syncing, mobile clients and a wide range of applications.

• Patchwork is a distributed social network. It uses crytographic keypairs to create feeds and publish unforgeable entries which can spread across the network. Relay servers optionally aggregate and redistribute the feeds.

• PPNet is a middleware that can be used to create a social network, either temporarily or permanently for a group of users. Includes mobile client for Android.

• pubsubhubbub is a simple, open, server-to-server webhook-based pubsub (publish/subscribe) protocol for any web accessible resources.

• pump.io Described as "a stream server that does most of what people really want from a social network". It's a social stream with support for federated comunication.

• qaul.net implements a redundant, open communication principle, in which wireless-enabled computers and mobile devices can directly form a spontaneous network. Chat functions, file sharing and voice chat is possible independent of internet and cellular networks.

• Searx is a privacy-respecting, hackable metasearch engine.

• Storj is an open source project actively developing a completely decentralized, secure and efficient cloud storage service that integrates a peer-to-peer protocols based on Bitcoin.

• trsst looks and feels like twitter but encrypted and anonymized and decentralized and only you hold the keys. Protocol implementation draft is available on github.

• unSYSTEM is a collective dedicated to creating popular tools that promote privacy, independence, and integrity in contradistinction to those used for mass surveillance and suppression. Software projects include Libbitcoin, SX, and Lorea.

• weborganiZm is an Ad-Free NON-indexed network for creating and sharing of the knowledges that follows these principles: Non-Profit, Reproducible, Reinforcing the Digital Commons, Grassroots.

• wlan slovenija is developing technologies for easy deployment of community wireless mesh networks. The main idea is that power is in numbers so deployment should be so easy that anybody can do it, that anybody can start a new wireless mesh network and create a new community.

Apparently Dead

• Avatar is a distributed "operating system for the internet" running inside the web browser. It allows for secure messaging (think email, social networks) and distributed data storage, employing a policy of "privacy and data security by default". Building its own encrypted P2P network, it does not rely upon any central authority. (Appears to be inactive)

• Cowbox is a hand-held standalone server, broadcasting its own network and containing web applications for coworking.

Possibly Dead

Totally Dead

• Project Byzantium - Ad-hoc wireless mesh networking for the zombie apocalypse. The goal of Project Byzantium is to develop a communication system by which users can connect to each other and share information in the absence of convenient access to the Internet. This is done by setting up an ad-hoc wireless mesh network that offers services which replace popular websites often used for this purpose, such as Twitter and IRC.