You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.Dismiss alert
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: README.md
+8-31Lines changed: 8 additions & 31 deletions
Original file line number
Diff line number
Diff line change
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Training surgical skills is a complex and time-consuming process. *STEVE* implem
20
20
***Haptic Guidance** consists in providing a mechanical feedback force to the surgeon's hands and wrists, redirecting its motion towards targets or away from obstacles
21
21
22
22
23
-
23
+
#### The haptic feedback rationale
24
24
The trainee sits at the teleoperation console of a *daVinci* surgical robot and manipulates the MTMs
25
25
26
26
His motion will be replicated inside of the virtual surgical environment on virtual PSMs
@@ -47,33 +47,10 @@ These have been built with the purpose of requiring the trainee to sollecitate 4
47
47
***Visual abstraction:** The capability of operating in areas where the surgical tool is not completely visible
48
48
***Hand-to-hand cooperation:** The capacity of resolving tasks with both manipulators and the prowess is handing objects from one manipulator to another
49
49
50
-
# The Virtual Fixtures
51
-
An in-depth analysis of the scientific literature combined with further development in the view of optimizing this specific case of surgical training yielded the implementation of 6 types of Virtual Fixtures apt to grant guidance for all surgical abilities (as above *wrist dexterity*, *steady hand*, *visual abstraction* and *hand-to-hand cooperation*) and that can be deployed in each of the surgical task of the simulator.
52
-
53
-
They have been formulated as follows:
54
-
55
-

56
-
57
-
58
-
***Trajectory Guidance:** The feedback force will act in order to pull the tooltip towards a trajectory planned in the pre-op stage
59
-
***Insetion Guidance:** The feedback force will keep the tooltip inside a "cone of approach" that is directed towards a target. This cone is set up in pre-op
60
-
***Orientation Guidance**: A feedback torque will act in order to align the surgical tooltip in a specific orientation set up in pre-op
61
-
***Obstacle Avoidance**: The feedback force will act in order to keep the surgical tool away from undesired areas
62
-
***Surface Guidance:** Feedback force and torque are applied to keep the surgical instrument close to a surface (planar or non-planar) and with the same orientation as the surface itself
63
-
***Trajectory and Orientation Guidance**: A combination of *Trajectory Guidance* and *Orientation Guidance*
64
-
65
-
# Preliminary Results
66
-
A sample video of a volunteer user with little experience in surgical training **WITHOUT ASSISTANCE**
Following are the plots of the distance and angular errors (in *mm* and *degrees*, respectively) that the trainee issued while performing this suturing task. Position and orientation data are recorded in real time (30 frames per second) by the simulator and are saved as a `.csv` file ready for and extensive data analysis.
75
-
76
-

77
-

78
-
79
-
**Even though this is preliminary data and no direct or indirect conclusion can be gathered**, it is still qualitatively evident how in general both the distance and angular error in the task performed with assistance (blue line) are lower than in the unassisted case (orange line)
50
+
# Future Work
51
+
*STEVE* is an ongoing project, constantly enriched by optimizations and by new features. Possible work topics include:
52
+
***New tasks:** the simulator can be easily extended with new tasks, by adding new scenes and new training scenarios
53
+
***Improved GUI:***STEVE* does not yet feature an appealing GUI, which will improve the navigation and the user experience
54
+
***Camera Control:** the camera is currently fixed in an optimal position for each training task. However, as a real teleoperated system allows to move the camera through the pedalboard, it would be interesting to implement this feature in the simulator as well
55
+
***Task Adaptivity:** Task difficulty should change according to the trainee's performace. The better the execution the harder should the task be, requiring more articulate wrist movements, better camera control, *etc*
56
+
***Progess Monitoring:** Provide a quantitative measure of the trainee's performance and save it in a database, so that the surgeon's progress can be monitored on a milti-day basis
0 commit comments