Add portable Date type

[ahmedabu98]

There was already a Java Date logical type. This PR creates an equivalent Python logical type and adds it to the Beam model to standardize it

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

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This pull request introduces a portable Date logical type to the Apache Beam model, standardizing the representation of date-only values across different SDKs. By defining a common URN and implementing the type in both Java and Python, it ensures consistent handling of dates without timezones, represented as the number of days since the epoch. This enhancement improves interoperability and simplifies schema management for date-related data.

Highlights

• New Logical Type: Introduced a new DATE logical type in the Beam schema definition (schema.proto), specifying its URN and INT64 representation.
• Java SDK Implementation: Implemented the Date logical type in the Java SDK, including its registration for schema translation and refinement of its argument handling.
• Python SDK Integration: Updated the Python SDK to recognize and map datetime.date to the new DATE logical type URN, enhancing cross-language compatibility.
• Testing: Added comprehensive unit tests in both Java and Python to validate the new DATE logical type's functionality and schema translation.
• Iceberg Integration Test Update: Modified an Iceberg integration test to include datetime import, add a date_ field to test data, and configure an io-impl property.

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Changelog

• model/pipeline/src/main/proto/org/apache/beam/model/pipeline/v1/schema.proto
  • Added DATE enum value to LogicalTypes.Enum with its URN and description, specifying INT64 as its representation type.
• sdks/java/core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/schemas/SchemaTranslation.java
  • Imported org.apache.beam.sdk.schemas.logicaltypes.Date.
  • Registered the Date.IDENTIFIER with Date.class in the LOGICAL_TYPE_IDENTIFIER_TO_CLASS map.
• sdks/java/core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/schemas/logicaltypes/Date.java
  • Added imports for RunnerApi, SchemaApi, and Nullable.
  • Updated the IDENTIFIER field to dynamically retrieve the URN from SchemaApi.LogicalTypes.Enum.DATE.
  • Modified getArgumentType() to return null and removed the getArgument() method, indicating no arguments for this logical type.
• sdks/java/core/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/schemas/SchemaTranslationTest.java
  • Imported java.time.LocalDate.
  • Added a test schema entry for Field.of("date", FieldType.logicalType(SqlTypes.DATE)).
  • Included test data for the DATE logical type using LocalDate.of(2000, 1, 3).
• sdks/python/apache_beam/portability/common_urns.py
  • Added date = LogicalTypes.Enum.DATE to expose the new DATE URN.
• sdks/python/apache_beam/transforms/managed_iceberg_it_test.py
  • Imported the datetime module.
  • Commented out the @unittest.skipUnless decorator for the ManagedIcebergIT class.
  • Added a date_ field to the _create_row method, populating it with a calculated datetime.date.
  • Added "io-impl": "org.apache.iceberg.gcp.gcs.GCSFileIO" to catalog_properties.
• sdks/python/apache_beam/typehints/schemas.py
  • Updated the schema mapping documentation to include datetime.date <---> LogicalType(urn="beam:logical_type:date:v1").
  • Added a commented-out class Date which provides a Python implementation for the Date logical type, including EPOCH and conversion methods.
• sdks/python/apache_beam/typehints/schemas_test.py
  • Imported the datetime module.
  • Added a date: datetime.date field to the ComplexSchema NamedTuple for testing purposes.

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[ahmedabu98]

R: @Abacn can you take a look?

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[Abacn]

Consider adding TIME as well?

[Abacn]

Most Java SDK's IO uses joda data and time, and are serialized as joda timestamp. Then JDBCDateType and JDBCTimeType were created to accomadate them.

WIth the introducation of "ture" portable data/time logical types, we need to make sure it doesn't break existing Python JdbcIO. We can run https://github.com/apache/beam/actions/workflows/beam_PostCommit_Python_Xlang_Gcp_Direct.yml against this PR to test

[Abacn]

(pending debugging cleanup)