Add transitive compileOnlyApi (requires static) dependencies

[jjohannes]

This pull requests adds compileOnlyApi dependencies (Gradle Module Metadata) and requires static (module-info) for all annotation libraries used in Log4j. See #3437 for details.

The following example can be used to test the effects of the change in a Gradle build on a locally built snapshot:
https://github.com/jjohannes/gradle-demos/tree/main/log4j-metadata

Checklist

• Base your changes on 2.x branch if you are targeting Log4j 2; use main otherwise
• ./mvnw verify succeeds (if it fails due to code formatting issues reported by Spotless, simply run ./mvnw spotless:apply and retry)
• Non-trivial changes contain an entry file in the src/changelog/.2.x.x directory
• Tests for the changes are provided
• Commits are signed (optional, but highly recommended)

[vy]

@jjohannes, I've just released logging-parent version 12.0.0. It contains breaking changes touching these dependencies. dependabot should automatically update logging-parent version in /pom.xml. Would you mind keeping an eye on it, and once the update kicks in, make necessary adjustments to this PR, please?

[vy]

@ppkarwasz, shall we also add a test for this to log4j-samples?

[github-actions]

Job	Requested goals	Build Tool Version	Build Outcome	Build Scan®
build-macos-latest	clean install	3.9.8	❌
build-ubuntu-latest	clean install	3.9.8	✅
build-windows-latest	clean install	3.9.8	✅

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