v1.0.0: First public release of stripcert

This is a small utility which I wrote back in 2007 during my first month in Iceland. I created it with DDKWizard at the time, albeit obviously an older version of DDKWizard.

I never published it, but the topic came up in 2021 and now again in 2023. So I took the time to run clang-format on it, fix the few code analysis warnings and wrap it up in a DDKWizard-generated VS2005 project from the latest DDKWizard version as well as a premake4-generated VS2022 project.

The enclosed binaries are code-signed. Furthermore it needs to be noted that they were built with the Windows 7 SP1 WDK, which decreases the size per file by ~130 KiB, due to replacing the static C/C++runtime with a dependency to msvcrt.dll, which since Windows XP is an official part of Windows.

PS: PGP-signature for the .zip is also enclosed. The .zip contains the debug symbols, too.