Make final edits after receiving the voucher copy edits

404.html

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 <meta name="author" content="A. Bradley Duthie" />
 
 
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@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> <em>Practical</em>. Preparing data</a>
 <ul>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-1-transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Exercise 1: Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-2-making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Exercise 2: Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-3-making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Exercise 3: Making data tidy again</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-4-tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Exercise 4: Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Making data tidy again</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#summary"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> Summary</a></li>
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 <li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="Chapter_4.html"><a href="Chapter_4.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Populations and samples</a></li>

Chapter_1.html

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 <meta name="author" content="A. Bradley Duthie" />
 
 
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+<meta name="date" content="2024-07-14" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> <em>Practical</em>. Preparing data</a>
 <ul>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-1-transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Exercise 1: Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-2-making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Exercise 2: Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-3-making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Exercise 3: Making data tidy again</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-4-tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Exercise 4: Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Making data tidy again</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#summary"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> Summary</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="Chapter_4.html"><a href="Chapter_4.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Populations and samples</a></li>
@@ -485,10 +485,10 @@ <h1><span class="header-section-number">Chapter 1</span> Background mathematics<
 The first challenge is simply knowing the background mathematics upon which many statistical tools rely.
 Fortunately, while the <em>theory</em> underlying statistical techniques does rely on some quite advanced mathematics <span class="citation">(e.g., see <a href="#ref-Mclean1991" role="doc-biblioref">Mclean et al., 1991</a>; <a href="#ref-Miller2004" role="doc-biblioref">Miller &amp; Miller, 2004</a>; <a href="#ref-Rencher2000" role="doc-biblioref">Rencher, 2000</a>)</span>, the <em>application</em> of standard statistical tools usually does not.
 This book focuses on the application of statistical techniques, so all that is required is a background in some fundamental mathematical concepts such as mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponents), simple algebra, and probability.
-This chapter will review these operations and the mathematical symbols used to communicate them.</p>
+This chapter will review mathematical operations and the symbols used to communicate them.</p>
 <p>The second mathematical challenge that students face when learning statistics for the first time is a bit more subtle.
 Students with no statistical background sometimes have an expectation that statistics will be similar to previously learnt mathematical topics such as algebra, geometry, or trigonometry.
-In some ways, this is true, but in a lot of ways statistics is a much different way of thinking than any of these topics.
+In some ways, this is the case, but in a lot of ways statistics is a much different way of thinking than any of these topics.
 A lot of mathematical subjects focus on questions that have very clear right or wrong answers (or, at least, this is how they are often taught).
 If, for example, we are given the lengths of two sides of a right triangle, then we might be asked to calculate the hypotenuse of the triangle using Pythagorean theorem (<span class="math inline">\(a^{2} + b^{2} = c^{2}\)</span>, where c is the hypotenuse).
 If we know the length of the two sides, then the length of the hypotenuse has a clear correct answer (at least, on a Euclidean plane).
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ <h2><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Logarithms<a href="Chapter_1.
 For the latter, we might say that the base 10 logarithm of 1000 is 3.
 This is actually extremely useful in mathematics and statistics.
 Mathematically, logarithms have the very useful property,</p>
-<p><span class="math display">\[log_{10}(ab) = log_{10}(a) + log_{10}(b).\]</span></p>
+<p><span class="math display">\[\log_{10}(ab) = \log_{10}(a) + \log_{10}(b).\]</span></p>
 <p>Historically, this has been used to make calculations easier by converting multiplication to addition <span class="citation">(<a href="#ref-Stewart2008" role="doc-biblioref">Stewart, 2008</a>)</span>.
 In statistics, and across the biological and environmental sciences, we often use logarithms when we want to represent something that changes exponentially on a more convenient scale.
 For example, suppose that we wanted to illustrate the change in global CO<span class="math inline">\(_{2}\)</span> emissions over time <span class="citation">(<a href="#ref-Friedlingstein2022" role="doc-biblioref">Friedlingstein et al., 2022</a>)</span>.

Chapter_10.html

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 <meta name="author" content="A. Bradley Duthie" />
 
 
-<meta name="date" content="2024-07-01" />
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@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> <em>Practical</em>. Preparing data</a>
 <ul>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-1-transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Exercise 1: Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-2-making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Exercise 2: Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-3-making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Exercise 3: Making data tidy again</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-4-tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Exercise 4: Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Making data tidy again</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#summary"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> Summary</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="Chapter_4.html"><a href="Chapter_4.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Populations and samples</a></li>
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ <h2><span class="header-section-number">10.1</span> Histograms<a href="Chapter_1
 The bars of the histogram touch each other, which reinforces the idea that the data are continuous <span class="citation">(<a href="#ref-Dytham2011" role="doc-biblioref">Dytham, 2011</a>; <a href="#ref-Sokal1995" role="doc-biblioref">Sokal &amp; Rohlf, 1995</a>)</span>.</p>
 <p>It is especially important to be able to read and understand information from a histogram, because it is often necessary to determine if the data are consistent with the assumptions of a statistical test.
 For example, the <em>shape</em> of the distribution of fig fruit widths might be important for performing a particular test.
-For the purposes of this chapter, the <em>shape</em> of the distribution just means what the data look like when plotted like this in a histogram.
+For the purposes of this book, the <em>shape</em> of the distribution just means what the data look like when plotted like this in a histogram.
 In this case, there is a peak toward the centre of the distribution, with fewer low and high values (this kind of distribution is quite common).
 Different distribution shapes will be discussed more in <a href="Chapter_15.html#Chapter_15">Chapter 15</a>.</p>
 </div>

Chapter_11.html

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 <meta name="author" content="A. Bradley Duthie" />
 
 
-<meta name="date" content="2024-07-01" />
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   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> <em>Practical</em>. Preparing data</a>
 <ul>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-1-transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Exercise 1: Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-2-making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Exercise 2: Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-3-making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Exercise 3: Making data tidy again</a></li>
-<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#exercise-4-tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Exercise 4: Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#transferring-data-to-a-spreadsheet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Transferring data to a spreadsheet</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-spreadsheet-data-tidy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Making spreadsheet data tidy</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#making-data-tidy-again"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Making data tidy again</a></li>
+<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#tidy-data-and-spreadsheet-calculations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Tidy data and spreadsheet calculations</a></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="Chapter_3.html"><a href="Chapter_3.html#summary"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> Summary</a></li>
 </ul></li>
 <li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="Chapter_4.html"><a href="Chapter_4.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Populations and samples</a></li>