[Partial fanout]: Add BLS accumulator to Snapshot #2324

vrom911 · 2025-10-31T10:45:47Z

Part of #1468

CHANGELOG updated or not needed
Documentation updated or not needed
Haddocks updated or not needed
No new TODOs introduced or explained herafter

github-actions · 2025-11-04T13:46:28Z

Transaction costs

Sizes and execution budgets for Hydra protocol transactions. Note that unlisted parameters are currently using arbitrary values and results are not fully deterministic and comparable to previous runs.

Metadata
Generated at	2025-12-01 16:12:34.786149766 UTC
Max. memory units	14000000
Max. CPU units	10000000000
Max. tx size (kB)	16384

Script summary

Name	Hash	Size (Bytes)
νInitial	c8a101a5c8ac4816b0dceb59ce31fc2258e387de828f02961d2f2045	2652
νCommit	61458bc2f297fff3cc5df6ac7ab57cefd87763b0b7bd722146a1035c	685
νHead	e93fdca2467a7aac18e88f63b0f474a78abfba366bdd92078d7f8351	14855
μHead	7abbe644c0bd13fa58c9d34699d054e13bb30cde2cc61d30858284e9*	5316
νDeposit	ae01dade3a9c346d5c93ae3ce339412b90a0b8f83f94ec6baa24e30c	1102

The minting policy hash is only usable for comparison. As the script is parameterized, the actual script is unique per head.

`Init` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	5868	10.26	3.25	0.51
2	6071	12.73	4.04	0.55
3	6271	14.31	4.52	0.57
5	6670	18.58	5.86	0.64
10	7678	28.94	9.11	0.79
43	14314	99.42	31.09	1.81

`Commit` transaction costs

This uses ada-only outputs for better comparability.

UTxO	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	558	2.44	1.16	0.20
2	742	3.38	1.73	0.22
3	923	4.36	2.33	0.24
5	1279	6.41	3.60	0.28
10	2173	12.13	7.25	0.40
54	10062	98.61	68.52	1.88

`CollectCom` transaction costs

Parties	UTxO (bytes)	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	57	525	24.46	7.13	0.42
2	114	636	34.31	9.88	0.53
3	170	747	39.92	11.61	0.59
4	227	858	53.80	15.36	0.73
5	284	969	61.23	17.56	0.81
6	338	1081	74.93	21.14	0.96
7	397	1192	84.18	23.74	1.05
8	451	1303	96.24	27.12	1.18
9	506	1418	93.65	26.84	1.16

Cost of Increment Transaction

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	2223	24.34	7.84	0.50
2	2442	25.94	9.13	0.53
3	2746	28.46	10.76	0.58
5	3076	30.44	13.17	0.63
10	4537	42.51	22.60	0.86
38	11230	96.91	92.80	2.10

Cost of Decrement Transaction

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	801	22.88	7.46	0.42
2	1140	24.37	8.71	0.46
3	1464	26.91	10.32	0.51
5	1864	29.25	12.81	0.56
10	2928	36.86	20.34	0.72
37	10306	91.73	95.30	2.03

`Close` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	828	31.78	9.68	0.51
2	995	34.42	11.16	0.55
3	1414	36.38	12.67	0.60
5	1696	40.11	15.34	0.66
10	4125	50.24	26.36	0.93
33	10728	98.69	97.36	2.12

`Contest` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	7264	36.84	12.80	0.86
2	6911	39.04	15.62	0.88
3	7081	41.18	18.62	0.93
5	7160	45.42	24.27	1.01
10	7372	58.28	37.96	1.22
26	10533	99.65	88.50	2.06

`Abort` transaction costs

There is some variation due to the random mixture of initial and already committed outputs.

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	5813	27.13	9.10	0.69
2	5854	31.60	10.51	0.74
3	6204	45.85	15.46	0.91
4	6380	56.10	18.98	1.02
5	6390	63.36	21.32	1.10
6	6621	71.60	24.13	1.19
7	6646	75.60	25.37	1.24
8	6940	92.57	31.18	1.43
9	7020	98.94	33.30	1.50

`FanOut` transaction costs

Involves spending head output and burning head tokens. Uses ada-only UTXO for better comparability.

Parties	UTxO	UTxO (bytes)	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
10	1	57	5900	21.24	7.22	0.63
10	5	284	6035	28.93	10.29	0.72
10	10	569	6205	39.09	14.31	0.84
10	20	1138	6544	59.56	22.38	1.08
10	30	1705	6883	80.95	30.77	1.33
10	39	2220	7192	98.96	37.89	1.54

End-to-end benchmark results

This page is intended to collect the latest end-to-end benchmark results produced by Hydra's continuous integration (CI) system from the latest master code.

Please note that these results are approximate as they are currently produced from limited cloud VMs and not controlled hardware. Rather than focusing on the absolute results, the emphasis should be on relative results, such as how the timings for a scenario evolve as the code changes.

Generated at 2025-12-01 16:16:17.793505613 UTC

Baseline Scenario

Number of nodes	1
Number of txs	300
Avg. Confirmation Time (ms)	5.472578630
P99	6.753868819999999ms
P95	6.394810949999999ms
P50	5.3362645ms
Number of Invalid txs	0

Memory data

Time	Used	Free
2025-12-01 16:14:50.175301494 UTC	1468M	8717M
2025-12-01 16:14:51.175366024 UTC	1491M	8659M
2025-12-01 16:14:52.175297567 UTC	1500M	8650M
2025-12-01 16:14:53.175274824 UTC	1530M	8619M
2025-12-01 16:14:54.175373085 UTC	1560M	8514M
2025-12-01 16:14:55.17534722 UTC	1571M	8503M
2025-12-01 16:14:56.175250086 UTC	1586M	8485M
2025-12-01 16:14:57.17524209 UTC	1598M	8468M
2025-12-01 16:14:58.175302923 UTC	1598M	8467M
2025-12-01 16:14:59.175299162 UTC	1598M	8467M
2025-12-01 16:15:00.175309326 UTC	1598M	8467M
2025-12-01 16:15:01.175244091 UTC	1599M	8466M
2025-12-01 16:15:02.175288618 UTC	1601M	8464M
2025-12-01 16:15:03.175330684 UTC	1601M	8464M
2025-12-01 16:15:04.175324868 UTC	1602M	8463M
2025-12-01 16:15:05.1753226 UTC	1602M	8463M
2025-12-01 16:15:06.175322861 UTC	1603M	8462M
2025-12-01 16:15:07.175341584 UTC	1604M	8461M
2025-12-01 16:15:08.175330563 UTC	1606M	8459M
2025-12-01 16:15:09.175329939 UTC	1607M	8458M
2025-12-01 16:15:10.175303678 UTC	1607M	8457M
2025-12-01 16:15:11.17533185 UTC	1608M	8456M
2025-12-01 16:15:12.17531705 UTC	1608M	8456M
2025-12-01 16:15:13.175262916 UTC	1609M	8455M
2025-12-01 16:15:14.175275601 UTC	1609M	8455M
2025-12-01 16:15:15.175329489 UTC	1609M	8455M
2025-12-01 16:15:16.175330548 UTC	1609M	8455M
2025-12-01 16:15:17.175320957 UTC	1609M	8455M
2025-12-01 16:15:18.175327246 UTC	1609M	8454M
2025-12-01 16:15:19.17532526 UTC	1610M	8454M

Three local nodes

Number of nodes	3
Number of txs	900
Avg. Confirmation Time (ms)	33.163580616
P99	50.93763918ms
P95	43.39761539999999ms
P50	32.263099499999996ms
Number of Invalid txs	0

Memory data

Time	Used	Free
2025-12-01 16:15:30.708414684 UTC	1508M	8593M
2025-12-01 16:15:31.708310864 UTC	1509M	8593M
2025-12-01 16:15:32.708264261 UTC	1513M	8588M
2025-12-01 16:15:33.708350507 UTC	1516M	8585M
2025-12-01 16:15:34.708431522 UTC	1516M	8585M
2025-12-01 16:15:35.708409414 UTC	1519M	8582M
2025-12-01 16:15:36.708273562 UTC	1519M	8582M
2025-12-01 16:15:37.708293151 UTC	1566M	8507M
2025-12-01 16:15:38.708419107 UTC	1619M	8426M
2025-12-01 16:15:39.708522552 UTC	1684M	8333M
2025-12-01 16:15:40.708296573 UTC	1726M	8291M
2025-12-01 16:15:41.709488092 UTC	1728M	8289M
2025-12-01 16:15:42.710891622 UTC	1768M	8239M
2025-12-01 16:15:43.709729244 UTC	1789M	8205M
2025-12-01 16:15:44.70905106 UTC	1796M	8186M
2025-12-01 16:15:45.709256184 UTC	1803M	8167M
2025-12-01 16:15:46.70879517 UTC	1813M	8146M
2025-12-01 16:15:47.710120026 UTC	1837M	8110M
2025-12-01 16:15:48.709210863 UTC	1855M	8080M
2025-12-01 16:15:49.708917183 UTC	1862M	8061M
2025-12-01 16:15:50.708717859 UTC	1877M	8034M
2025-12-01 16:15:51.708508945 UTC	1897M	8002M
2025-12-01 16:15:52.708634548 UTC	1896M	8000M
2025-12-01 16:15:53.710663088 UTC	1897M	7999M
2025-12-01 16:15:54.708280946 UTC	1900M	7996M
2025-12-01 16:15:55.708368824 UTC	1905M	7991M
2025-12-01 16:15:56.708404712 UTC	1911M	7984M
2025-12-01 16:15:57.708462176 UTC	1911M	7984M
2025-12-01 16:15:58.708502926 UTC	1911M	7984M
2025-12-01 16:15:59.708461934 UTC	1911M	7984M
2025-12-01 16:16:00.708444731 UTC	1912M	7983M
2025-12-01 16:16:01.70845155 UTC	1912M	7983M
2025-12-01 16:16:02.708457632 UTC	1914M	7981M
2025-12-01 16:16:03.708416943 UTC	1915M	7980M
2025-12-01 16:16:04.708413561 UTC	1915M	7980M
2025-12-01 16:16:05.708477578 UTC	1914M	7980M
2025-12-01 16:16:06.708389259 UTC	1914M	7980M
2025-12-01 16:16:07.708516954 UTC	1916M	7978M
2025-12-01 16:16:08.708475907 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:09.70843069 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:10.708536224 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:11.708292115 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:12.708568029 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:13.708478566 UTC	1916M	7977M
2025-12-01 16:16:14.708437175 UTC	1918M	7974M
2025-12-01 16:16:15.708374765 UTC	1918M	7974M
2025-12-01 16:16:16.708395488 UTC	1918M	7974M
2025-12-01 16:16:17.708316228 UTC	1920M	7972M

hydra-cluster/test/Test/BlockfrostChainSpec.hs

github-actions · 2025-11-07T11:01:59Z

Transaction cost differences

Script summary

Name	Size (Bytes)
νInitial	-
νCommit	-
νHead	+256
μHead	+32
νDeposit	-

`Init` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	+32	-	-	-
2	+32	-	-	-
3	+32	-	-	+0.01
5	+32	-	-	-
10	+32	-	-	-
43	+32	-	-	-

`Commit` transaction costs

UTxO	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	-	-	-	-
2	-	-	-	-
3	-	-	-	-
5	-	-	-	-
10	-	-	-	-
54	$${\color{green}-1.00}$$	-	-	-

`CollectCom` transaction costs

Parties	UTxO (bytes)	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	-	-	$${\color{green}-0.78}$$	$${\color{green}-0.18}$$	$${\color{green}-0.01}$$
2	-	-	$${\color{green}-1.06}$$	$${\color{green}-0.26}$$	$${\color{green}-0.01}$$
3	-	-	$${\color{green}-1.51}$$	$${\color{green}-0.36}$$	$${\color{green}-0.02}$$
4	-	-	$${\color{green}-3.05}$$	$${\color{green}-0.73}$$	$${\color{green}-0.03}$$
5	-	-	+6.42	+1.53	+0.07
6	-	-	+5.54	+1.32	+0.05
7	-	-	$${\color{green}-14.56}$$	$${\color{green}-3.49}$$	$${\color{green}-0.15}$$
8	-	-	$${\color{green}-8.55}$$	$${\color{green}-2.05}$$	$${\color{green}-0.08}$$

Cost of Increment Transaction

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	431	+0.42	0.23	0.02
2	462	$${\color{green}-0.31}$$	0.22	0.02
3	573	+0.07	0.55	0.03
5	832	+0.11	1.27	0.05
10	1202	+0.9	3.73	0.09

Cost of Decrement Transaction

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	202	+0.31	0.15	0.02
2	298	$${\color{green}-0.22}$$	0.15	0.02
3	401	+0.1	0.42	0.02
5	568	+0.1	0.9	0.03
10	1401	+0.17	4.09	0.09

`Close` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	1088	2.58	1.01	0.08
2	538	2.68	1.05	0.05
3	560	2.75	1.26	0.06
5	626	3.01	1.76	0.07
10	1845	3.69	6.27	0.16

`Contest` transaction costs

Parties	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
1	5965	2.96	2.47	0.3
2	5251	3.11	3.77	0.28
3	5821	3.26	5.75	0.32
5	6138	3.56	9.51	0.37
10	6333	4.44	18.85	0.45

`FanOut` transaction costs

UTxO, Parties	UTxO (bytes)	Tx size	% max Mem	% max CPU	Min fee ₳
(0, 10)	-	+32	0.02	+0.01	+0.01
(1, 10)	-	+32	0.03	-	-
(5, 10)	-	+32	0.02	+0.01	-
(10, 10)	-	+32	0.03	+0.01	-
(20, 10)	-	+32	0.03	+0.01	-
(37, 10)	-	+32	0.02	+0.01	-

As close to cardano-scaling/hydra#2324 as possible

v0d1ch

lgtm. I think the main concern is that we want to have any UTxO to commit/decommit in there when building the accumulator and I gave the reason in one of the comments.

v0d1ch · 2025-11-12T13:15:35Z

hydra-cluster/test/Test/DirectChainSpec.hs

            aliceChain `observesInTime` OnCollectComTx{headId}
            let v = 0
            let snapshotVersion = 0
+                accumulator = Accumulator.buildFromUTxO someUTxO


Each time you invoke buildFromUTxO you probably want to include any utxo to commit/decommit since these UTxO can also be part of the fanout outputs.

v0d1ch · 2025-11-12T13:17:03Z

hydra-node/src/Hydra/API/ServerOutput.hs


 -- | Get latest confirmed snapshot UTxO from 'HeadState'.
-getSnapshotUtxo :: Monoid (UTxOType tx) => HeadState tx -> Maybe (UTxOType tx)
+getSnapshotUtxo :: IsTx tx => HeadState tx -> Maybe (UTxOType tx)


Why did we have to add IsTx constraint here?

Now getSnapshot requires IsTx cause it also builds the accumulator

v0d1ch · 2025-11-12T13:17:38Z

hydra-node/src/Hydra/HeadLogic.hs

 --
 -- __Transition__: 'OpenState' → 'ClosedState'
 onOpenChainCloseTx ::
+  IsTx tx =>


Same question regarding IsTx constraint?

v0d1ch · 2025-11-12T13:28:02Z

hydra-tx/src/Hydra/Tx/Accumulator.hs

+      -- Compress the Point2 to a ByteString and encode as hex
+      let proofBytes = blsCompress proof
+          proofHex = decodeUtf8 $ Base16.encode proofBytes
+       in "Success: 0x" <> proofHex


I don't think we want to have this text pre-pended to the resulting hex? I know we are not using this function currently but perhaps returning Either is more sensible? No big issue, we can also deal with this function once we actually start to use it.

Yes, that I was basically using for debug only 🙏🏼
Good catch!

v0d1ch · 2025-11-12T13:30:25Z

hydra-tx/src/Hydra/Tx/Close.hs

+   where
+    snapshot = getSnapshot confirmedSnapshot
+    snapshotUtxo = Hydra.Tx.utxo snapshot
+    closedAccumulatorHash = Accumulator.getAccumulatorHash $ Accumulator.buildFromUTxO snapshotUtxo


Just wanted to re-iterate once more: We need to have any utxo to commit/decommit in the accumulator here. For example: It can happen that the head gets closed in the middle of decommitting some UTxO . So since this UTxO was never brought back into L1 by the decommit tx we need to make sure fanout will do that in the end.

hydra-tx/test/Hydra/Tx/Contract/Contest/Healthy.hs

hydra-tx/test/Hydra/Tx/Contract/FanOut.hs

Fix

Related log book entry is here https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/wiki/Logbook-2025-H1#2025-12-01 Signed-off-by: Sasha Bogicevic <sasha.bogicevic@iohk.io>

Signed-off-by: Sasha Bogicevic <sasha.bogicevic@iohk.io>

vrom911 force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch 3 times, most recently from 6cb5b08 to f6f7eab Compare November 3, 2025 22:42

vrom911 force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch 6 times, most recently from 81114ad to e2bfe00 Compare November 5, 2025 21:13

v0d1ch reviewed Nov 6, 2025

View reviewed changes

hydra-cluster/test/Test/BlockfrostChainSpec.hs Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

vrom911 force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch 2 times, most recently from 62433f4 to f4a792f Compare November 7, 2025 09:25

vrom911 requested review from ffakenz and v0d1ch November 7, 2025 09:25

vrom911 changed the title ~~Initial work on SignableRepresentation instance of Snapshot~~ [Partial fanout]: Add BLS accumulator to Snapshot Nov 7, 2025

vrom911 self-assigned this Nov 7, 2025

vrom911 added a commit to cardano-scaling/hydra-formal-specification that referenced this pull request Nov 7, 2025

Add accumulator to snapshot

e930e7c

As close to cardano-scaling/hydra#2324 as possible

v0d1ch reviewed Nov 12, 2025

View reviewed changes

noonio linked an issue Nov 14, 2025 that may be closed by this pull request

Partial fanout - Part 1 #1468

Open

1 task

v0d1ch force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch from b8b3bbd to 5def3a0 Compare November 26, 2025 13:05

vrom911 added 8 commits December 1, 2025 17:04

Initial work on SignableRepresentation instance of Snapshot

eee3518

Introduce HasAccumulatorElement class

bfe6cf6

Fix

Fix test

cb28d38

Try

e7b9509

Fix

a799b45

Changeserialisation and signature verification

447f5a9

Fix plutus tests

560258c

Fix tests

eb8a58a

vrom911 and others added 13 commits December 1, 2025 17:04

Add accumulator to snapshot

c5bc13f

Remove utxoHash from Snapshot

ea163d1

Remove leftover fn from IsTx class

d9159f0

Minimise golden test changes

9d374c8

Remove crs from Snapshot

0862297

Simplify golden test diff

9b07447

Regenerate scripts{

2dac57c

Fix

ed5a689

Add useful fns, change the way we create acc

171f876

Temporary add acc fn to weeder ignore

47754c4

Use new haskell-accumulator-1.1.0.0

84c8bc0

Add toCommit toDecommit utxo in accumulator, address review

77c0617

Fix the failing observer test

67d29a6

Related log book entry is here https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/wiki/Logbook-2025-H1#2025-12-01 Signed-off-by: Sasha Bogicevic <sasha.bogicevic@iohk.io>

v0d1ch force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch from d14c09b to 67d29a6 Compare December 1, 2025 16:04

WIP: Start with the changes needed for on-chain check

14152aa

Signed-off-by: Sasha Bogicevic <sasha.bogicevic@iohk.io>

v0d1ch force-pushed the vrom911/partial-fanout-SignableRepresentation branch from 3f3c2f1 to 14152aa Compare December 2, 2025 15:19

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Transaction costs

Script summary

Init transaction costs

Commit transaction costs

CollectCom transaction costs

Cost of Increment Transaction

Cost of Decrement Transaction

Close transaction costs

Contest transaction costs

Abort transaction costs

FanOut transaction costs

End-to-end benchmark results

Baseline Scenario

Memory data

Three local nodes

Memory data

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Transaction cost differences

Script summary

Init transaction costs

Commit transaction costs

CollectCom transaction costs

Cost of Increment Transaction

Cost of Decrement Transaction

Close transaction costs

Contest transaction costs

FanOut transaction costs

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vrom911 commented Oct 31, 2025 •

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github-actions bot commented Nov 4, 2025 •

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`Init` transaction costs

`Commit` transaction costs

`CollectCom` transaction costs

`Close` transaction costs

`Contest` transaction costs

`Abort` transaction costs

`FanOut` transaction costs

github-actions bot commented Nov 7, 2025 •

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`Init` transaction costs

`Commit` transaction costs

`CollectCom` transaction costs

`Close` transaction costs

`Contest` transaction costs

`FanOut` transaction costs