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vignette
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strengejacke committed Nov 24, 2024
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6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions vignettes/check_model.Rmd
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---
title: "Checking model assumption - linear models"
output:
output:
rmarkdown::html_vignette:
toc: true
tags: [r, performance, r2]
vignette: >
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%\VignetteIndexEntry{Checking model assumption - linear models}
%\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
editor_options:
editor_options:
chunk_output_type: console
---

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ There are several ways to address heteroscedasticity.

3. Transforming the response variable, for instance, taking the `log()`, may also help to avoid issues with heteroscedasticity.

4. Weighting observations is another remedy against heteroscedasticity, in particular the method of [weighted least squares](https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat501/lesson/13/13.1).

## Influential observations - outliers

Outliers can be defined as particularly influential observations, and this plot helps detecting those outliers. Cook's distance (_Cook 1977_, _Cook & Weisberg 1982_) is used to define outliers, i.e. any point in this plot that falls outside of Cook's distance (the dashed lines) is considered an influential observation.
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