build(deps): bump python in /examples/shared/python

Bumps python from 3.11.5-slim-bullseye to 3.12.4-slim-bullseye.

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: python
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

examples/shared/python/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.11.5-slim-bullseye@sha256:9f35f3a6420693c209c11bba63dcf103d88e47ebe0b205336b5168c122967edf as python-base
+FROM python:3.12.4-slim-bullseye@sha256:67e8ad75ec52d64ebc233a46e8c3b15522dddb42ac78958d14ba82010d7ec78b as python-base
 RUN rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \
     && echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' | tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/keep-cache
 ARG PYTHON_REQUIREMENTS_FILE=aiohttp/requirements.txt