This project implements a multi-level approach to image encryption and signing using post-quantum cryptographic techniques, with a focus on the FALCON (Fast-Fourier Lattice-based Compact Signatures over NTRU) algorithm for digital signatures.
Rawal, B. S., & Biswas, A. (2024). A comprehensive survey of post-quantum cryptography and its implications. Engineering Science & Technology, 256-269. https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/EST/article/view/4169
Luc, N. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Quach, D. H., Dao, T. T., & Pham, N. T. (2023). Building Applications and Developing Digital Signature Devices based on the Falcon Post-Quantum Digital Signature Scheme. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 13(2), 10401-10406. https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/EST/article/view/4169
Arya, A., Ranjan, A., & Agrawal, A. K. (2024). Post-quantum image security. Digital Image Security: Techniques and Applications, 43. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LqUIEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA43&dq=Post-Quantum+Image+Encryption+and+Signature+Using+FALCON&ots=mozCH0doDB&sig=Qj6TKClsnyIwjzT6Ombxb4reP1E#v=onepage&q&f=false
FALCON https://falcon-sign.info/
This system combines various cryptographic techniques to provide a robust, post-quantum secure method for image encryption and authentication. It utilizes 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Learning With Errors (LWE), and the FALCON signature algorithm.
- Standard and Enhanced 2D-DWT for image transformation
- AES encryption for initial data security
- LWE encryption for post-quantum security
- FALCON digital signatures for post-quantum authentication
- Multi-level approach combining various cryptographic techniques
- Performance analysis using Mean Squared Error (MSE)
- 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT): Used for image transformation, providing both standard and enhanced versions.
- AES Encryption: Provides initial encryption of the transformed image data.
- Learning With Errors (LWE): A post-quantum lattice-based encryption scheme used to encrypt the AES ciphertext.
- FALCON Signatures: A post-quantum digital signature algorithm used for image authentication.
- Multi-level Security: Combines different techniques to enhance overall security.
The FALCON (Fast-Fourier Lattice-based Compact Signatures over NTRU) algorithm is a key component of this system, providing post-quantum secure digital signatures. FALCON is:
- Based on the hardness of the NTRU lattice problem
- Designed to be fast and have compact signatures
- Part of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process
In this project, FALCON is used to:
- Generate key pairs (secret and public keys)
- Sign the processed image data
- Verify the signature to ensure image authenticity
The implementation includes features such as:
- Automatic retrying of signature generation if the signature norm is too large
- Conversion between image formats and byte strings for signing
- Integration with the overall multi-level encryption process
The Python code is for academic and research purposes only.
Copyright 2024 Eric Yocam
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.