🚀 2023-08-25 16:05:42: publish to www, ipfs, hyper

Affected files:
content/intercropping.md
content/notes/intercropping-examples.md
content/notes/polyculture-practices.md
content/notes/polyculture.md

content/intercropping.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "intercropping"
+alias:
+  - "Intercropping"
+created: 2023-08-24T20:54:44+10:00
+modified: 2023-08-25T15:46:05+10:00
+tags:
+- seed
+- gardening
+---
+
+Because there is some degree of ambiguity about what a [[notes/polyculture|polyculture]] this can have a flow on effect to associated terms such as _intercropping_. 
+
+For example Gomez & Gomez 1983 defines intercropping as:
+> The growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field such that the period of overlap is long enough to include the vegetative stage.
+
+And while this is technically accurate you'll probably find many want to take the definition one step further in specifying that when discussed in the context of polycultures it's more about creating mutual benefits between crops.
+
+## Intercropping
+
+A technique where two or more crops are grown in a space where they overlap with each other – for example growing maize, beans and squash together, a combination often referred to as "the three sisters".
+- The maize provides a structure for the beans to grown on;
+- The beans provide nitrogen for all of the plants; and,
+- The squash suppresses weeds on the ground.
+
+Legumes are often intercropped because they fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil a process known as nitrogen fixation.
+
+[[intercropping-examples|Intercropping Examples]]

content/notes/intercropping-examples.md

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 ---
 title: Intercropping Examples
-aliases: []
+aliases:
+- Intercropping Examples
 created: 2023-08-06T20:52:57+10:00
-modified: 2023-08-11T08:33:27+10:00
+modified: 2023-08-25T16:05:37+10:00
 tags:
   - seed
   - gardening
 ---
 
-The following table was compiled on companion planting which could be seen as similar to intercropping:
+The following examples were collated from online searches of intercropping online, and many were rightly or wrongly compiled on the foundation of companion planting.
+
+Ultimately the biggest issue I see with a lot of these examples is they put more focus on human needs rather than system needs. 
+
+Like sure Yarrow *does* promote insectary but the planting of Yarrow is **primarily** for the purpose of protecting the Brassica.
+
+For more information see [[../intercropping|Intercropping]].
 
 |**Crop**|**Intercrop With**|
 |---|---|
@@ -30,3 +37,208 @@ The following table was compiled on companion planting which could be seen as si
 |Squash|Nasturtium, Corn, Marigold|
 |Tomato|Onion Family, Nasturtium, Marigold, Asparagus, Carrots, Parsley, Cucumber|
 |Turnip|Aromatic Herbs, Celery, Beets, Onion Family, Chamomile, Spinach, Chard|
+
+## More Intercropping Examples
+
+### Combo 1
+
+Tomatoes
+Okra
+Peppers
+Sunflowers
+Borage
+
+### Combo 2
+
+Tomatoes
+Cauliflower
+Marigolds
+Spinach/orach/lamb’s quarters
+Onion
+Yarrow → attracts Lacewing
+
+### Combo 3
+
+Tomatoes
+Beets
+Radish
+Brussel sprouts
+Marigolds
+
+### Combo 4
+
+Okra
+Eggplant
+Peppers
+Sunflowers
+
+### Combo 5
+
+Melons
+Corn
+Eggplants or okra
+Sunflowers
+
+### Combo 6
+
+Peppers
+Eggplant
+Carrots
+Onion
+Basil
+
+### Combo 7
+
+> [!warning]
+>
+> This combination raises eyebrows because Kale + Marigolds sounds like a snail/slug disaster waiting to happen.
+
+Kale
+Celery
+Onion
+Scallions
+Nasturtiums
+Marigolds
+
+
+### Combo 8
+
+Squash/pumpkins
+Radish
+Lettuce
+Borage
+Nasturtium
+
+### Combo 9
+
+Cucumber
+Corn
+Radish
+Sunflowers
+Yarrow → attracts Lacewing
+
+### Combo 10
+
+Bush Beans
+Beets
+~~Marigolds~~
+Yarrow → attracts Lacewing → Lacewings control caterpillars & moths 
+Cabbage
+Carrots
+Rosemary
+
+### Combo 11
+
+Bush Beans
+Cauliflower
+Marigold
+Radish
+Peas
+
+### Combo 12
+
+Tomatillos
+Marigolds
+Nasturtiums
+Brussels
+Carrots
+Basil
+
+### Combo 13
+
+Cucumber
+Lettuce
+Carrots
+Radish
+Peas
+
+### Combo 14
+
+Peas
+Corn
+Cucumber
+Turnips
+
+### Combo 15
+
+Cauliflower
+Celery
+Spinach
+Tomatoes
+
+### Combo 16
+
+Pole Beans
+Corn
+Carrots
+Radish
+Chamomile
+
+### Combo 17
+
+Cucumber
+Corn
+Pole Beans
+Summer Savory
+Radish
+
+### Combo 18
+
+Squash/pumpkin
+Onion
+Garlic
+Peas
+Nasturtium
+
+### Combo 19
+
+Cabbage
+Cucumber
+Lettuce
+Dill
+
+### Combo 20
+
+Strawberry
+Borage
+Bush Beans
+Lettuce
+Spinach
+
+### Combo 21
+
+Squash
+Borage
+Beans
+Corn
+
+### Combo 22
+
+Amaranth
+Sweet Peppers
+Okra
+Basil
+Parsley
+
+### Combo 23
+
+Squash/pumpkin
+Carrots
+Beans
+Nasturtium
+Radish
+
+### Combo 24
+
+Cucumber
+Cabbage
+Peas
+Marigolds
+Rosemary
+
+### Combo 25
+
+Potatoes
+Pole Beans
+Marigold
+Basil

content/notes/polyculture-practices.md

@@ -13,14 +13,7 @@ While there are no hard or fast rules to using a [[notes/polyculture|Polyculture
 
 ### Intercropping
 
-A technique where two or more crops are grown in a space where they overlap with each other – for example growing maize, beans and squash together, a combination often referred to as "the three sisters".
-- The maize provides a structure for the beans to grown on;
-- The beans provide nitrogen for all of the plants; and,
-- The squash suppresses weeds on the ground.
-
-Legumes are often intercropped because they fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil a process known as nitrogen fixation.
-
-[[intercropping-examples|Intercropping Examples]]
+See also [[../intercropping]]
 
 ### Cover Cropping
 

content/notes/polyculture.md

@@ -1,28 +1,60 @@
 ---
 title: polyculture
-aliases: []
+alias:
+  - Polyculture
 created: 2023-08-06T19:49:02+10:00
-modified: 2023-08-12T17:16:07+10:00
+modified: 2023-08-25T16:02:21+10:00
 tags:
   - seed
   - gardening
 ---
+
 A polyculture is the practice of growing more than one crop or species in the same space at the same time.
 
-The aim of a polyculture is to mimic the diversity of a natural ecosystem, in some cases this can provide pest, weed and disease control.
+A paper written by Larry Geno and Dr Barbara Geno "*[Polyculture Production Principles, Benefits and Risks of Multiple Cropping Land Management Systems for Australia](https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/01-034.pdf)*" notes that:
+
+> the polyculture practices evolved to fit an almost infinite number of geographical and climatic niches and a wide range of human needs.
+
+So while many resources will often talk about the aim of a polyculture being "to mimic the diversity of a natural ecosystem" that's not the whole picture because there are various forms of polycultures that don't mimic the diversity of a natural ecosystem and instead resemble complicated companion planting schemes.
+
+> [!note]
+> 
+> According to a presentation given at Cornell University Cooperative Extension and Department of Horticulture "much of popular literature that discusses companion planting is based upon some very bad science". [[source](http://www.hort.cornell.edu/brewer/polycultures/Polyculture%20Design%20slides.pdf)]
+
+The definition that has most resinated with me though is from these [Polyculture Design slides](http://www.hort.cornell.edu/brewer/polycultures/Polyculture%20Design%20slides.pdf):
+
+> A community of multifunctional plants, animals, and fungi that is designed for functional interconnection.
 
-Polycultures can reduce crop yields because all the different species are competing for light, water and nutrients.
+The reason being is that multifunctional can be described in many ways, some examples from the slide deck include:
+- **Humans Needs**
+	- Food
+	- Fuel
+	- Fodder
+	- Medicine
+	- Aesthetics
+- **Ecosystem Services**
+	- Nitrogen Fixation
+	- Nutrient Accumulations/Fertility
+	- Living Mulch/Ground Cover
+	- Insectary
+	- Nectary/Pollen
 
-When growing multiple cultivars a polyculture can complicate care if they have different growth rates, days to maturity and harvest requirements.
+One of the things that is interesting to note, is that by "typical" definitions people often reference the fact that polycultures can reduce crop yields because all the different species are competing for light, water and nutrients.
 
-The most notable example of a polyculture is the intercropping of maize, beans and squash often referred to as "the three sisters".
+But I'd argue that in a well planned polyculture this isn't actually the case, or it's less often the case — and when it is the case, I wonder if our valuation of polycultures output is tainted by excess accumulation, i.e., I didn't get what *I* thought *I* deserved out of this system.
+
+Another point often discussed that I question is wether growing multiple cultivars in a well planned polyculture does in fact complicate care — given the example:
+
+Yarrow → attracts → Lacewing → protects → Brassicas
+
+Is the care complicated or simplified?
+
+A notable example of a polyculture and perhaps the best demonstration of "true" [[../intercropping|intercropping]] is "the three sisters", which sees maize, beans and squash planted together:
 - The maize provides a structure for the beans to grown on;
 - The beans provide nitrogen for all of the plants; and,
 - The squash suppresses weeds on the ground.
 
-Another example of a polyculture is found in integrated aquaculture where seafood and plants are grown together.
-
-While using a polyculture model requires less human intervention, the development of pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers, monocultures became the primary agriculture model.
+I've found better examples of "good" polycultures when discussing integrated aquaculture where seafood and plants are grown together.
 
 >[!success]
 >