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--- | ||
title: "Permaculture" | ||
alias: | ||
- "Permaculture" | ||
created: 2023-09-07T13:16:49+10:00 | ||
modified: 2023-09-07T17:35:14+10:00 | ||
tags: | ||
- seed | ||
- sustainable-agriculture | ||
--- | ||
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Permaculture is a set of principals and practices to design **sustainable human settlements**. Permaculture cannot solve the problems of an unsustainable human settlement or society. | ||
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Permaculture is system thinking applied to ecology and focuses on the interconnectedness of nature. There is a focus on: | ||
- Caring for Earth; | ||
- Caring for people; and, | ||
- Reinvesting the surplus created. | ||
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A garden designed with ecological principals should: | ||
- Be inviting to animals and people; | ||
- Require infrequent watering and labor; | ||
- Provide soil that regenerates itself. | ||
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## Principals | ||
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1. Observe the system through the seasons and design with these changes in mind. | ||
2. Connect elements in ways that create connectedness, these connection will help you save time. | ||
3. Catch and store energy. | ||
4. Pick elements and place them so they are most utilised — stack elements not only in time, but also in space. | ||
5. Build redundancy in, ensure each function us supported by multiple elements. | ||
6. Identify leverage points in the system, this way small changes have a big impact. | ||
7. Build small intensive system and grow them by chunking. | ||
8. Optimise the edges, where two systems meet is where there is most diversity, increase or decrease edges as needed. | ||
9. Collaborate with succession, don't fight a maturing system — they are more stable and productive. | ||
10. Use biological and renewable resources where possible as they reproduce and build up over time. | ||
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## Further Reading | ||
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- [Permaculture: A Designers Manual](https://www.tagaripublications.com/permaculture-designers-manual/) | ||
- [Permaculture One](https://store.holmgren.com.au/product/permaculture-one-ebook/) |
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--- | ||
title: "Opportunistic Plants" | ||
alias: | ||
- "Opportunistic Plants" | ||
- "Weeds" | ||
- "Invasive Species" | ||
created: 2023-09-07T17:38:10+10:00 | ||
modified: 2023-09-07T18:00:16+10:00 | ||
tags: | ||
- seed | ||
- sustainable-agriculture | ||
--- | ||
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For a variety of reasons, some more valid than others, there are certain genus of plants that are classified as weeds, or invasive species. However, these can be overloaded terms, that doesn't always translate well between movements. | ||
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And the classification of what is and isn't a weed doesn't always mesh with other requirements of a system. For example, **ragwort**, classified as a noxious weed in the Republic of Ireland is also an excellent source of nectar for pollinators. | ||
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<img src="imgs/opportunistic-plants-1.png" alt= | ||
![[|]] | ||
*Claus Ableiter, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons* | ||
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Another example, is Kudzu, while considered a noxious weed in in five United States states: Florida, Kansas, Oregon, Pennsylvania and West Virginia[^1] it is also a nitrogen fixer, animal feed and for weaving. | ||
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![[imgs/opportunistic-plants.png|Kudzu smothering trees in Atlanta, Georgia, US)]] | ||
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To create a positive relationship with the ecosystem, we must remove the concept of morality from these plants, because they aren't actually good or bad. They are plants that over centuries of evolution have evolved to be opportunistic — thriving in the edges, and in places we have interfered. | ||
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Naturally, you might think the alternative then is to do nothing about it, which is far from the case. Rather it requires balance and instead focus on optimising the edges (see [[notes/permaculture#Principals|Permaculture]]). | ||
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[^1]: [Kudzu Risk Assessment](https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/74137/IPA-Kudzu-Risk-Assessment.pdf) |
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