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[General] Add links to YouTube videos
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ehumph authored Nov 10, 2023
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49 changes: 29 additions & 20 deletions 01-intro.Rmd
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ottrpal::set_knitr_image_path()
```


# Introduction

The increasing availability of AI chatbots is creating a new landscape in software development and data science. It is important to be aware of the potential benefits and challenges of this technology, so that we can use it in a way that benefits everyone and limits harm as much as possible.
Expand All @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ In this chapter we will demonstrate how to:
## AI Provides New Opportunities

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon asks in a speech bubble 'Does AI mean I am going extinct?!?' as a meteor flies overhead."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g22e0106807c_0_67")
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g295eab4bf3f_0_2")
```

We do not believe that AI chatbots will replace programmers, software developers, and data scientists. While AI can be powerful and useful, it is only as good as the training data behind it and the human using it. Therefore, for the time being and the foreseeable future, humans will remain at the forefront of programming innovation, with AI providing valuable support. As new code is often built on top of existing code written by humans, it is unlikely that AI will fully replace the need for human programmers.
Expand All @@ -48,25 +49,6 @@ Furthermore, software development, data analysis, and programming require a high
In summary, while AI chatbots can provide valuable assistance to software developers, data scientists, and programmers, they are unlikely to replace them entirely. Human expertise, creativity, and critical thinking will continue to be essential in developing and optimizing AI systems for the foreseeable future."
:::

## AI Code of Ethics

Our first duty as programmers is to avoid causing harm to people and the world. This includes avoiding both intentional and inadvertent harm. *Intentional harm* is harm that is caused by a programmer's deliberate actions. For example, a programmer might create a virus that is designed to harm computers. *Inadvertent harm* is harm that is caused by a programmer's negligence or lack of foresight. For example, a programmer might create a program that is buggy and causes data loss, or create a program that is particularly vulnerable to being hacked.

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon says in a speech bubble 'Making the ethical choice requires careful thought!' while thinking about an angel and a devil, which represent good and bad choices."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g2313b08e75a_243_0")
```

We must always be aware of the potential for harm and deliberately take steps to mitigate it. This includes things like:

**Be aware of the potential for bias.** AI systems are trained on data, and that data can reflect the biases of the people who collected it. Programmers should be aware of the potential for bias in their data and take steps to mitigate it.

**Be transparent about your work.** Share information about your code, data, and algorithms. This will help others to understand how your work works and to identify any potential problems.

**Be accountable for your work.** Take responsibility for the consequences of your code. Be willing to make changes if necessary.

**Participate in discussions about AI ethics.** There are many online and in-person communities where you can discuss the ethical implications of AI with other people.

**Advocate for ethical AI.** Speak up when you see AI being used in a way that you believe is unethical. Support organizations that are working to promote ethical AI.

## The AI Chatbots

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -161,3 +143,30 @@ Code in these boxes was written by AI.
## About This Book

We used AI bots (including ChatGPT, Bard, Sage, and Claude) as part of the process of creating this book. The words are all original content, but we used AI bots to edit for grammar and tone. We firmly believe this new technology can be used in ethical ways and we put into practice all the rules and suggestions offered over the following modules while we created this book.

# VIDEO: AI Code of Ethics

This video covers a set of ethical guidelines to keep in mind while using AI tools for programming.

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/uyCNct8LNU4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

You can view and download the Google Slides [here](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-SSnmgtVDGTQnjz0hOXuJMK0sMQEXS_0y4wIGT7fKy4/edit#slide=id.p).

Our first duty as programmers is to avoid causing harm to people and the world. This includes avoiding both intentional and inadvertent harm. *Intentional harm* is harm that is caused by a programmer's deliberate actions. For example, a programmer might create a virus that is designed to harm computers. *Inadvertent harm* is harm that is caused by a programmer's negligence or lack of foresight. For example, a programmer might create a program that is buggy and causes data loss, or create a program that is particularly vulnerable to being hacked.

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon says in a speech bubble 'Making the ethical choice requires careful thought!' while thinking about an angel and a devil, which represent good and bad choices."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g2313b08e75a_243_0")
```

We must always be aware of the potential for harm and deliberately take steps to mitigate it. This includes things like:

**Be aware of the potential for bias.** AI systems are trained on data, and that data can reflect the biases of the people who collected it. Programmers should be aware of the potential for bias in their data and take steps to mitigate it.

**Be transparent about your work.** Share information about your code, data, and algorithms. This will help others to understand how your work works and to identify any potential problems.

**Be accountable for your work.** Take responsibility for the consequences of your code. Be willing to make changes if necessary.

**Participate in discussions about AI ethics.** There are many online and in-person communities where you can discuss the ethical implications of AI with other people.

**Advocate for ethical AI.** Speak up when you see AI being used in a way that you believe is unethical. Support organizations that are working to promote ethical AI.

8 changes: 8 additions & 0 deletions 02-ethics.Rmd
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knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```


# Ethics of Using AI

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and in particular, generative AI, in coding has raised a number of ethical concerns. We will highlight several current concerns, however please be aware that this is a dynamic field and the possible implications of this technology is continuing to develop. It is critical that we as a society continue to evaluate and predict what the consequences of the use of AI will be, so that we can mitigate harmful effects.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -215,6 +216,13 @@ Here is a summary of all the tips we suggested:

Overall, we hope that these guidelines and tips will help us all to use AI tools more responsibly for writing code. We recognize however, that as this is emerging technology and more ethical issues will emerge as we continue to use these tools in new ways. AI tools can even help us to use them more responsibly when we ask the right additional questions when writing code, but remember that human review is always necessary. Staying up-to-date on the current ethical considerations will also help us all continue to use AI responsibly.

# VIDEO: Combating Bias in LLMs

This video discusses how bias can show up in AI-created code, images, and video, and what you can do to combat it.

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/CcKWtMfX1Nw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

You can view and download the Google Slides [here](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WDqxRNLnJ_o0t4qwSohVhEbv7iwnL6jzSIjkSJ4ZGYo/edit).



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82 changes: 48 additions & 34 deletions 03-writing_code.Rmd
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ottrpal::set_knitr_image_path()
```

# Writing Code

## Learning Objectives
# VIDEO Introduction to Writing Code with AI

- Recognize the benefits and capabilities of AI-powered programming tools, particularly for certain kinds of tasks that are difficult for humans
- Explain how AI-generated code and automated programming tools contribute to making programming more accessible to individuals with limited coding experience or to those working in a new language
- Explore the ethical considerations associated with using AI in programming, including the importance of rigorous testing before publishing code
- Apply strategies for using AI to build functions, debug code, understand error messages, check syntax, choose the proper programming language, and plan out a multi-step programming project
This video discusses why AI is a good tool for planning, writing, and debugging code.

## Coding Basics
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/na9ixCg4oMM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

In today's digitally-driven world, coding has become an essential skill. It is used to create websites, mobile applications, and sophisticated software systems. Contrary to popular belief, coding is not only for those who possess an innate talent for programming. With the right resources and a willingness to learn, anyone can become proficient in coding.
You can view and download the Google Slides [here](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WDqxRNLnJ_o0t4qwSohVhEbv7iwnL6jzSIjkSJ4ZGYo/edit).

Practice is crucial to mastering the art of coding, and those who are willing to commit themselves to the learning process can achieve great results. Writing code can also be a rewarding and fulfilling hobby, too. Creating your own software, building a website, or automating a task can be immensely satisfying, and can provide a sense of accomplishment and pride.

Moreover, writing code can be a form of creative expression. Just as musicians use notes to compose music and artists use paint to create visual art, programmers use code to create digital experiences. From building websites to creating video games, code can be used to bring ideas to life in exciting and innovative ways.

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon is wearing a beret and holding a paintbrush that is is using to paint code onto an easel."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g230c4a00725_1_0")
```



Ultimately, the ability to write code is a valuable asset in today's world, with increasing demand for skilled programmers in a wide range of industries. Whether as a career or hobby, coding can be both personally and professionally rewarding. The accessibility and versatility of coding make it an excellent skill for anyone to learn, regardless of their background or previous experience.


## Writing Code with AI

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon says in a speech bubble, 'With AI, I am unstoppable!'. The dinosaur is a T-rex and is now holding clamps that extend its arms."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g22e0106807c_0_83")
Expand All @@ -47,16 +28,6 @@ AI-powered programming tools and technologies are revolutionizing the way we app

As AI continues to evolve, it is likely to have an even greater impact on the way we develop software in the future.

:::{.ethics}
**As a programmer using AI, it is up to you to be responsible for what you create.** You must rigorously test any code you write. It is your job to make sure any code you create with AI is not malicious and works as expected.
:::

:::{.notice}
Can complete novices learn how to program using AI tools?

At present, it is very challenging for complete novices to rely on AI chatbots to learn how to write code. These tools will sometimes write buggy code or code that doesn't not work as intended, and a person with no programming experience will have difficulty learning how to spot these sorts of mistakes. AI chatbots are best thought of as a supplement to your software development education, not as a replacement, and they should be used alongside other resources. Therefore, we advise that you seek expert review and assistance. As AI tools are refined, complete novices may be able to create software products more readily on their own.
:::

## Tips for Coding with AI

Using AI to write code is as much of an art as writing your own code. Following a few rules and suggestions will make your experience much more enjoyable and productive.
Expand All @@ -81,6 +52,42 @@ Using AI to write code is as much of an art as writing your own code. Following

* _Get feedback from others._ Ask other people to review your code and give you feedback. This can help you identify and fix any problems with your code.


# Writing Code

## Learning Objectives

- Recognize the benefits and capabilities of AI-powered programming tools, particularly for certain kinds of tasks that are difficult for humans
- Explain how AI-generated code and automated programming tools contribute to making programming more accessible to individuals with limited coding experience or to those working in a new language
- Explore the ethical considerations associated with using AI in programming, including the importance of rigorous testing before publishing code
- Apply strategies for using AI to build functions, debug code, understand error messages, check syntax, choose the proper programming language, and plan out a multi-step programming project

## Coding Basics

In today's digitally-driven world, coding has become an essential skill. It is used to create websites, mobile applications, and sophisticated software systems. Contrary to popular belief, coding is not only for those who possess an innate talent for programming. With the right resources and a willingness to learn, anyone can become proficient in coding.

Practice is crucial to mastering the art of coding, and those who are willing to commit themselves to the learning process can achieve great results. Writing code can also be a rewarding and fulfilling hobby, too. Creating your own software, building a website, or automating a task can be immensely satisfying, and can provide a sense of accomplishment and pride.

Moreover, writing code can be a form of creative expression. Just as musicians use notes to compose music and artists use paint to create visual art, programmers use code to create digital experiences. From building websites to creating video games, code can be used to bring ideas to life in exciting and innovative ways.

```{r, fig.align='center', out.width="100%", echo = FALSE, fig.alt= "The dinosaur cartoon is wearing a beret and holding a paintbrush that is is using to paint code onto an easel."}
ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWDLOGTcx3aLEbnu8UttV0QGVAeafE/edit#slide=id.g230c4a00725_1_0")
```



Ultimately, the ability to write code is a valuable asset in today's world, with increasing demand for skilled programmers in a wide range of industries. Whether as a career or hobby, coding can be both personally and professionally rewarding. The accessibility and versatility of coding make it an excellent skill for anyone to learn, regardless of their background or previous experience.

:::{.ethics}
**As a programmer using AI, it is up to you to be responsible for what you create.** You must rigorously test any code you write. It is your job to make sure any code you create with AI is not malicious and works as expected.
:::

:::{.notice}
Can complete novices learn how to program using AI tools?

At present, it is very challenging for complete novices to rely on AI chatbots to learn how to write code. These tools will sometimes write buggy code or code that doesn't not work as intended, and a person with no programming experience will have difficulty learning how to spot these sorts of mistakes. AI chatbots are best thought of as a supplement to your software development education, not as a replacement, and they should be used alongside other resources. Therefore, we advise that you seek expert review and assistance. As AI tools are refined, complete novices may be able to create software products more readily on their own.
:::

## Example One: Creating a Function

One of the most common things a programmer does is write functions to automate tedious tasks. With proper guidance, AI can speed this process up.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -509,13 +516,20 @@ ottrpal::include_slide("https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MCNeSO4aOm1iESWD
```


## Summary

# VIDEO Writing Code Main Points

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/sh92SPqsjJc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>


* Coding has become an essential skill in today's world. AI can increase the efficiency of planning, writing, and debugging code, as well as make coding more accessible for beginners.
* Querying AI on code writing tasks requires patience. AI cannot read your mind, and users need to be both specific and patient when asking for coding help.
* It is essential to test all AI-written code while in development, since inadequate testing could lead to low quality, buggy code.
* A programmer is responsible for what they create while coding with AI, even if AI writes the actual code.

You can view and download the Google Slides [here](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NAfXSgHP5hFi7Z9gwHGS77_CFTX8J2vYZNBj15SkzJ4/edit#slide=id.g2984ab3ff3d_0_188).





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