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DESIGN-AND-IMPLEMENTATION-OF-HIGH-PERFORMANCE-AND-LOW-POWER-RISC-V-PROCESSOR

Modern embedded systems and IoT platforms need processors that give high performance while maintaining low power consumption and high resource efficiency. This work presents the design and implementation of high performance and low power 32-bit RISC-V processor 4-stage pipelined for non-load and 5-stage for load operations, also extending its capabilities as system on chip design. The micro-architecture has optimized functional units including Baugh Wooley signed multiplier and 32-bit radix 16 divider. Functional verification of all ISA components, hazard detection, forwarding mechanisms, and branch prediction ensures architectural correctness. The processor is implemented on a Nexys 4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA with a resource requirement of 7415 lookup tables (LUTs) and 3401 flip flops (FFs) and performance is evaluated using Dhrystone 2.1 and CoreMark benchmarks. The design achieves a performance of 1.77 DMIPS/MHz and 3.07 CoreMark/MHz. Different power optimizations are added to the design to reduce dynamic power. The physical design of the core using commercial tools shows that the design can go a maximum of 173.8 MHz in UMC 55nm technology with 0.095179 mm^2 area. Under different PVT conditions the measured dynamic power is 20.86 µW/MHz in worst case corner and 24.59 µW/MHz in typical corner and 32.85 µW/MHz in best case corner. The core is extended as an SoC with an MMIOperipheral bridge that integrates IR sensor, PWM motor control, GPIO, UART, seven-segment display, timers, and support for interrupt controller, enabling a complete embedded platform implemented in FPGA.

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This work presents the design and implementation of high performance and low power 32-bit RISC-V processor 4-stage pipelined for non-load and 5-stage for load operations, also extending its capabilities as system on chip (SoC) design. RV32I with M extension designed for FPGA and ASIC

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