ci: Remove deprecated macos-12 image #9663

Job	Run time
pod lint Sentry/HybridSDK	1m 52s
pod lint Sentry dynamic ios	4m 39s
pod lint Sentry static ios	3m 42s
Run Shellcheck	17s
Swift Lint	15s
pod lint Sentry dynamic macos	3m 16s
pod lint Sentry static macos	5m 40s
Xcode Analyze	4m 3s
pod lint Sentry dynamic tvos	3m 0s
pod lint Sentry static tvos	3m 9s
pod lint Sentry dynamic watchos	3m 16s
pod lint Sentry static watchos	6m 5s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic ios	3m 8s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static ios	2m 20s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic macos	2m 19s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static macos	3m 32s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic tvos	2m 8s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static tvos	2m 25s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic watchos	1m 38s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static watchos	2m 9s
	58m 53s

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