ci: Remove deprecated macos-12 image #9671

Job	Run time
Swift Lint	13s
pod lint Sentry dynamic ios	3m 48s
pod lint Sentry static ios	5m 52s
Xcode Analyze	11m 43s
pod lint Sentry dynamic macos	4m 0s
pod lint Sentry static macos	3m 21s
pod lint Sentry dynamic tvos	2m 59s
pod lint Sentry static tvos	3m 52s
pod lint Sentry dynamic watchos	3m 41s
pod lint Sentry static watchos	2m 49s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic ios	1m 49s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static ios	2m 34s
pod lint Sentry/HybridSDK	2m 7s
Run Shellcheck	21s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic macos	2m 54s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static macos	2m 12s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic tvos	1m 38s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static tvos	1m 47s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI dynamic watchos	1m 24s
pod lint SentrySwiftUI static watchos	1m 55s
	1h 0m 59s

Provide feedback